The Effectiveness of School-Based Disaster Preparedness Improvement Programs among School-Aged Students: A Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23917/bik.v19i2.15053Keywords:
disaster preparedness, students, education program, disaster, disaster management, disaster nurse, nursing disasterAbstract
Children are among the most vulnerable populations during disasters due to their limited capacity to respond independently. Disaster preparedness education in schools is essential to improve students' readiness to respond to disasters. Although various school-based disaster preparedness programs have been implemented, evidence comparing the effectiveness of different intervention approaches remains limited. Therefore, this systematic literature review aimed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of school-based disaster preparedness improvement programs for students. This research is based on the PRISMA guidelines registered in PROSPERO with ID number CRD420251271966. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Nature, SAGE, ProQuest, and ScienceDirect for studies published between 2015 and 2025 using Boolean operators (AND/OR). A total of 15,551 records were identified. After duplicate removal, screening, eligibility assessment, and methodological quality appraisal using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist, 13 studies were included and synthesized using a narrative synthesis approach. The findings showed that school-based disaster preparedness programs consistently improved students' disaster preparedness. Simulation and experiential learning-based interventions demonstrated the most comprehensive improvements in disaster knowledge, emergency response skills, decision-making, self-efficacy, and practical preparedness. Technology-based interventions, curriculum-based programs, and local wisdom approaches also contributed to improving disaster preparedness through different learning mechanisms. Integrating simulation, technology-assisted learning, curriculum-based education, and local wisdom may provide the most comprehensive strategy for strengthening school disaster preparedness. These findings support the development of evidence-based disaster education and reinforce the roles of nurses, educators, and policymakers in implementing effective school-based disaster preparedness programs
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