Critical Reexamination of the Event of the Splitting of the Moon in Light of the Noble Qur'an

Authors

  • Seyyed Taghi Al-Mohammad Tarbiat Modares University
    Iran, Islamic Republic of
  • Nahleh Gharoavi Nayini Tarbiat Modares University
    Iran, Islamic Republic of

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.23917/qist.v4i2.8414

Keywords:

Qur'an, Moon Splitting, Critique, Rationalist Perspective

Abstract

In Islamic heritage, three perspectives are presented regarding the incident of the moon splitting (Inshiqaq al-Qamar). Two of these perspectives affirm the event as a miraculous sign supporting the prophethood of Muhammad (PBUH), a view supported by most Islamic scholars. On the other hand, the rationalist minority considers the incident as a symbolic reference to apocalyptic signs linked to the Day of Judgment. This study adopts a comprehensive and impartial approach to analyze the arguments of both sides. Ultimately, it supports a purely Qur'anic perspective, identifying the moon splitting as synonymous with the "Khusuf al-Qamar" mentioned in Surah Al-Qiyamah, marking it as one of the signs and precursors of the Resurrection.

References

1. Abd al-Razzaq al-San'ani. (1983). Al-Musannaf. Beirut: Al-Maktab al-Islami.

2. Abi Ya'la al-Mawsili. (2013). Musnad Abi Ya'la. Cairo: Dar al-Hadith.

3. Ahmad ibn Hanbal. (2001). Musnad Ahmad (A. M. Shakir, Ed.). Cairo: Dar al-Hadith.

4. Al-Bukhari, A. A. (1987). Sahih al-Bukhari. Damascus: Dar Ibn Kathir, Dar al-Yamama.

5. Al-Daraqutni, A. H. (2004). Kitab al-'Ilal. Riyadh: Dar al-Minhaj.

6. Al-Dhahabi, S. M. (1985). Siyar A'lam al-Nubala'. Beirut: Mu'assasat al-Risalah.

7. Al-Qushayri, A. A. (1985). Lata'if al-Isharat. Cairo: Dar al-Turath.

8. Al-Tirmidhi, M. A. (1998). Sunan al-Tirmidhi (B. A. Ma'ruf, Ed.). Beirut: Dar al-Gharb al-Islami.

9. Baqillani, M. T. (1988). I'jaz al-Qur'an (S. A. Saqr, Ed.). Cairo: Dar al-Ma'arif.

10. Ibn Abi Hatim, A. R. (1952). Kitab al-Jarh wa al-Ta'dil. Cairo: Maktabat Ibn Taymiyyah.

11. Ibn 'Asakir, A. D. (1995). Tarikh Dimashq. Damascus: Dar al-Fikr.

12. Maqatil ibn Sulayman. (2002). Tafsir Maqatil ibn Sulayman. Beirut: Dar Ihya' al-Turath.

13. Maraghi, A. M. (1946). Tafsir al-Maraghi. Cairo: Mustafa al-Babi al-Halabi.

14. Mawardi, A. H. (1992). Tafsir al-Mawardi: Al-Nukat wa al-Uyun. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah.

15. Mughniyah, J. (1981). Tafsir al-Kashif. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr.

16. Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj. (2006). Sahih Muslim (M. F. Abdul Baqi, Ed.). Riyadh: Dar al-Salam.

17. Qummi, A. I. (1984). Tafsir al-Qummi. Qom: Dar al-Kitab.

18. Rashid Rida, M. (1930). Al-Manar Journal. Cairo: Matba'at al-Manar

19. Rashid Rida, M. (1990). Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Hakim (Tafsir al-Manar). Cairo: Al-Hay'ah al-Misriyyah al-'Ammah lil-Kitab.

20. Sabri, M. (2001). Mawqif al-'Aql wa al-'Ilm wa al-'Alim. Cairo: Al-Maktabah al-Islamiyyah.

21. Tabari, M. J. (1988). Jami' al-Bayan fi Ta'wil Ay al-Qur'an (M. Shakir, Ed.). Cairo: Dar al-Ma'arif.

22. Tabarsi, F. H. (2001). Majma' al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyyah.

23. Tusi, M. H. (1985). Amali. Qom: Dar al-Thaqafah.

24. (Al-Azhari, 2001, Vol. 7, p. 85; Ibn Sida, 1421, Vol. 5, p. 84; Ibn Manzur, 1414, Vol. 9, p. 68; Jawhari, 1407, Vol. 4, p. 1350)

25. (Carroll & Ostlie, 2007, p. 59; Einstein, 1905, p. 891; Hawking, 1988, p. 40)

26. Carroll, B. W., & Ostlie, D. A. (2007). An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics. Boston: Pearson Education.

27. Einstein, A. (1905). Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper. Annalen der Physik, 17, 891-921.

28. Fadl Abbas, M. (1994). Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Karim. Amman: Dar al-Nafais.

29. Fadlallah, M. H. (2008). Min Wahy al-Qur'an. Beirut: Dar al-Malam

30. Halimi, A. A. (1990). Minhaj al-I'tiqad. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr.

31. Hanafi, H. (1999). Min al-'Aqidah ila al-Thawrah. Cairo: Hindawi Foundation.

32. Hawking, S. (1988). A Brief History of Time. London: Bantam Books.

33. Ibn 'Adi, A. M. (1997). Al-Kamil fi Du'afa' al-Rijal. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah.

34. Ibn Ashur, M. T. (1999). Tafsir al-Tahrir wa al-Tanwir. Tunis: Dar al-Tunisia.

35. Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, A. A. (2005). Fath al-Bari. Riyadh: Dar al-Salam.

36. Ibn Kathir, A. F. (1988). Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Azim (2nd ed.). Riyadh: Dar Taybah.

37. Ibn Manzur, M. I. (1993). Lisan al-Arab. Beirut: Dar Sader.

38. Jabri, A. (2006). Madkhal ila al-Qur'an al-Karim. Beirut: Markaz Dirasat al-Wahda al-Arabiyyah.

39. Juwayni, A. A. (1986). Al-Irshad ila Qawati' al-Adilla fi Usul al-I'tiqad. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr.

40. Khateeb, A. (2000). Dirasat fi al-Tafsir al-Muqaran. Cairo: Dar al-Fikr.

41. Qattan, M. A. (1983). Mabahith fi Ulum al-Qur'an. Riyadh: Maktabat al-Malik Fahd.

42. Rashid Rida, M. (1930). Al-Manar Journal (Vol. 30). Cairo: Matba'at al-Manar.

43. Shahrour, M. (2012). Al-Kitab wa al-Qur'an: Qira'ah Mu'asirah. Beirut: Dar al-Saqi.

44. Suyuti, J. A. (1993). Al-Durr al-Manthur fi Tafsir al-Ma'thur. Cairo: Dar al-Maktabah al-Asriyyah.

45. Tabataba'i, S. M. H. (1997). Al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an. Qom: Islamic Publication Office.

46. Tantawi, M. S. (1925). Tafsir al-Jawahir. Cairo: Mustafa al-Babi al-Halabi.

47. Zarkashi, B. (1985). Al-Burhan fi Ulum al-Qur'an. Cairo: Dar al-Fikr.

48. Maqatil ibn Sulayman (4/17), Musnad Ahmad (20/398), Sahih al-Bukhari (5/49, 6/142), Sahih Muslim (4/2158), Sunan al-Tirmidhi (4/477), Musnad Abi Ya'la al-Mawsili (5/424), and Tafsir al-Tabari (22/565, 22/107).

49. (Tafsir al-Qummi (Vol. 2, p. 3).

50. (Shaykh Tusi (Vol. 1, p. 341).

51. (Ibn Hajar, 1986, p. 170)

52. (Al-Daraqutni, 2004, Vol. 1, p. 75).

53. (Ibn Hajar, 1986, Vol. 4, p. 210).

54. (Al-Dhahabi, 1985, Vol. 3, p. 50; Ibn 'Adi, 1997, Vol. 2, p. 234).

55. (Ibn Abi Hatim, 1952, Vol. 1, p. 159)

56. (Ibn 'Asakir, 1995, Vol. 7, p. 320).

57. (Al-Bukhari, 1987, Vol. 2, p. 554; Muslim, 2006, Vol. 1, p. 89)

58. (Mawardi, 1992, Vol. 5, p. 409; Karmani, 2003, Vol. 2, p. 1161; Ibn Abd al-Salam, 1996, Vol. 3, p. 254; Qurtubi, 2001, Vol. 17, p. 126).

59. (Mawardi, 1992, Vol. 5, p. 409)

60. (Rida, 1990, Vol. 11, p. 272)

61. (Sabri, 2001, Vol. 4, p. 149)

62. (Mawardi, 1992, Vol. 5, p. 409)

63. (Mawardi, 1992, Vol. 5, p. 409).

64. (Mawardi, 1992, Vol. 5, p. 409; Baqillani, 1988; Tabarsi, 2001, Vol. 9, p. 282; Baghdadi, 1997, Vol. 1, p. 132; Tantawi, 1997, Vol. 27, p. 77; Maraghi, 1946, Vol. 27, p. 77; Mughniyah, 1981, Vol. 1, p. 704).

65. (Mawardi, 1992, Vol. 5, p. 409)

66. (Abd al-Razzaq al-San'ani, 1983, Vol. 3, p. 104; Tabarani, 1994, Vol. 11, p. 250; Ibn Ashur, 1999, Vol. 27, p. 169; Jabri, 2006, Vol. 1, p. 188).

67. (Qurtubi, 2001, Vol. 17, p. 126)

68. (Qushayri, 1985, Vol. 3, p. 493)

69. (Mawardi, 1999, Vol. 5, p. 409)

70. Sahih al-Bukhari (1987, Vol. 4, p. 178; Sahih Muslim 2006, Vol. 2, p. 741;Sunan al-Tirmidhi 1998, Vol. 5, p. 65;

71. Musnad Ahmad (2001, Vol. 1, p. 377)

72. (Tabari, 1988, Vol. 22, p. 522; Tusi, 1985, Vol. 9, p. 102; Tabarsi, 2001, Vol. 9, p. 201; Ibn Kathir, 1988, Vol. 4, p. 529; Suyuti, 1993, Vol. 8, p. 529; Tabataba'i, 1997, Vol. 19, p. 59).

73. (Tabari, 1988, Vol. 22, p. 523; Tusi, 1985, Vol. 9, p. 102; Tabarsi, 2001, Vol. 9, p. 202; Ibn Kathir, 1988, Vol. 4, p. 531; Suyuti, 1993, Vol. 8, p. 530; Tabataba'i, 1997, Vol. 19, p. 59)

74. (Tabari, 1988, Vol. 22, p. 524; Tusi, 1985, Vol. 9, p. 103; Tabarsi, 2001, Vol. 9, p. 203; Ibn Kathir, 1988, Vol. 4, p. 530; Suyuti, 1993, Vol. 8, p. 531; Tabataba'i, 1997, Vol. 19, p. 60).

75. (Tabari, 1988, Vol. 22, p. 525; Tusi, 1985, Vol. 9, p. 104; Tabarsi, 2001, Vol. 9, p. 204; Ibn Kathir, 1988, Vol. 4, p. 531; Suyuti, 1993, Vol. 8, p. 532; Tabataba'i, 1997, Vol. 19, p. 60)

76. (Ibn Hajar, Vol. 1, p. 245; Dehlavi, Vol. 9, p. 358; Zarqani, Vol. 26, p. 281).

77. (Mawardi, 1992, Vol. 5, p. 409; Tabarsi, 2001, Vol. 9, p. 282; Abd al-Qahir al-Baghdadi, Vol. 1, p. 148)

78. (Rida, 1990, pp. 262-267; Tantawi, 1925, p. 77; Maraghi, 1952, Vol. 27, p. 77; Mughniyah, 2004, Vol. 1, p. 704).

79. (Jamal, 2005, pp. 395-397; Hanafi, 1999, Vol. 6, pp. 149-150; Jabri, 2006, Vol. 1, p. 188; Shahrour, p. 185)

80. Verses such as (Yunus: 20; Al-Ra'd: 7, 27; Taha: 133; Al-'Ankabut: 50-51; Al-An'am: 8, 35-37, 109-111; Al-Isra': 59)

81. (Fadlallah, 2008, Vol. 21, pp. 276-280; Qattan, 1983, Vol. 3, p. 285; Maraghi, 1952, Vol. 27, p. 77; Rida, 1990, Vol. 11, pp. 361-362).

Downloads

Submitted

2025-01-19

Accepted

2025-06-24

Published

2025-06-27

How to Cite

Al-Mohammad, S. T., & Nayini, N. G. (2025). Critical Reexamination of the Event of the Splitting of the Moon in Light of the Noble Qur’an. QiST: Journal of Quran and Tafseer Studies, 4(2), 401–428. https://doi.org/10.23917/qist.v4i2.8414

Issue

Section

Articles