Hogg Eco-Anxiety Scale (HEAS-13): Adaptation and Validation of the Ecological Anxiety Scale for the Indonesian Context
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23917/indigenous.v11i1.15444Keywords:
Eco-anxiety, validity, reliability, instrument adaptation, environmental psychologyAbstract
Studi ini berfokus pada proses adaptasi dan pengujian validitas dan reliabilitas Skala Kecemasan Ekologis Hogg (HEAS-13) agar sesuai dengan budaya dan konteks Indonesia, serta untuk menilai validitas konkurennya dengan Skala Kecemasan Perubahan Iklim (CCAS). Proses adaptasi dilakukan berdasarkan pedoman Komisi Pengujian Internasional melalui penerjemahan maju, penilaian oleh enam ahli, dan wawancara kognitif terhadap lima responden untuk memastikan kejelasan bahasa, kesetaraan konseptual, dan kesesuaian budaya. Sebanyak 847 partisipan di Indonesia berusia 17–65 tahun secara sukarela berpartisipasi dalam survei daring. Analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa distribusi item berada dalam batas normalitas yang dapat diterima. Empat faktor utama, yaitu Gejala Afektif, Perenungan, Gejala Perilaku, dan Kecemasan tentang Dampak Pribadi, ditemukan berdasarkan hasil EFA yang menjelaskan 58,3% dari total varians (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin = 0,906; p < 0,001). Analisis faktor konfirmatori (CFA) menunjukkan model dengan kesesuaian yang baik (CFI = 0,982; TLI = 0,977; RMSEA = 0,042; SRMR = 0,028). Koefisien reliabilitas menunjukkan konsistensi internal yang tinggi (Cronbach's α = 0,89; McDonald's ω = 0,89). Pengujian validitas konkuren mengungkapkan bahwa HEAS berkorelasi positif dan signifikan dengan CCAS (Spearman's rho = 0,610; p < 0,001), menunjukkan hubungan konseptual yang kuat antara HEAS dan CCAS. Secara keseluruhan, versi Indonesia dari Skala Kecemasan Ekologis Hogg telah terbukti valid, reliabel, dan sesuai secara budaya untuk mengukur kecemasan ekologis pada populasi Indonesia.
References
Aeni, P., & Anwar, M. K. (2024). Hydrometeorological disaster: challenges and mitigation in Indonesia. Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, 5(01), 318–330. https://doi.org/10.59141/jist.v5i01.888
Ágoston, C., Urbán, R., Nagy, B., Csaba, B., Kőváry, Z., Kovács, K., Varga, A., Dúll, A., Mónus, F., Shaw, C. A., & Demetrovics, Z. (2022). The psychological consequences of the ecological crisis: Three new questionnaires to as-sess eco-anxiety, eco-guilt, and ecological grief. Climate Risk Management, 37, 100441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2022.100441
Ainurrohmah, S., & Sudarti, S. (2022). Analisis perubahan iklim dan global warming yang terjadi sebagai fase kritis. Jur-nal Phi Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika Dan Fisika Terapan, 3(3), 1. https://doi.org/10.22373/p-jpft.v3i3.13359
Ali, M., Jahan, A. M., & Enaas, A. (2024). Investigating the impact of climate change on mental health among Libyan Arabs: A validation study of the Hogg Eco-Anxiety Scale. Current Psychology, 43(40), 31789–31801. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-06548-7
Ansar, S. S. A., Rahmawati, A., & Arrahman, R. D. (2024). Peninjauan bencana alam akibat deforestasi hutan dan tan-tangan penegakkan hukum mengenai kebijakan penebangan hutan berskala besar di Indonesia. Indonesian Jour-nal of Law and Justice, 1(4), 11. https://doi.org/10.47134/ijlj.v1i4.2740
Ardian, I. (2025). Analisis SDG 13: Dampak perubahan iklim global pada fenomena cuaca ekstrem di tahun 2024. Jurnal Ilmu Sains Dan Teknologi, 1(1), 18–23. https://artmediapub.id/index.php/JIST/article/view/84
Arohmawati, A., Sujarwo, S., & Safitri, D. (2024). Krisis iklim yang menyebabkan kerugian di berbagai negara. Triwi-krama: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, 3(10), 30–40. https://ejournal.warunayama.org/index.php/triwikrama/article/view/3626/3405
Azizah, M., Subiyanto, A., Triutomo, S., & Wahyuni, D. (2022). Pengaruh perubahan iklim terhadap bencana hidrome-teorologi di Kecamatan Cisarua—Kabupaten Bogor. PENDIPA Journal of Science Education, 6(2), 541–546. https://doi.org/10.33369/pendipa.6.2.541-546
BBC. (2021). Perubahan iklim: Anak-anak muda di dunia ‘sangat khawatir’, di Indonesia ‘takut rumah kebanjiran.’ https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/majalah-58545546
BNPB. (2023). Buku Data Bencana Indonesia 2023. In Buku Data Bencana Indonesia (Vol. 3, pp. 3–11). Pusat Data In-formasi dan Komunikasi Kebencanaan Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana. Retrieved from https://perpustakaan.bnpb.go.id/inlislite/opac/detail-opac?id=3022
BNPB. (2024). Data Bencana Indonesia 2024. Pusat Data Informasi dan Komunikasi Kebencanaan Badan Nasional Pe-nanggulangan Bencana. Retrieved from https://perpustakaan.bnpb.go.id/inlislite/opac/detail-opac?id=3147
Boluda-Verdú, I., Senent-Valero, M., Casas-Escolano, M., Matijasevich, A., & Pastor-Valero, M. (2022). Fear for the fu-ture: Eco-anxiety and health implications, a systematic review. In Journal of Environmental Psychology (Vol. 84). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101904
Calculli, C., D’Uggento, A. M., Labarile, A., & Ribecco, N. (2021). Evaluating people’s awareness about climate changes and environmental issues: A case study. Journal of Cleaner Production, 324, 129244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129244
Cianconi, P., Betrò, S., & Janiri, L. (2020). The impact of climate change on mental health: a systematic descriptive Re-view. Front. Psychiatry, 11(March), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00074
Clayton, S., & Karazsia, B. T. (2020). Development and validation of a measure of climate change anxiety. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 69, 101434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2020.101434
Ebi, K. L., Vanos, J., Baldwin, J. W., Bell, J. E., Hondula, D. M., Errett, N. A., Hayes, K., Reid, C. E., Saha, S., Spector, J., & Berry, P. (2021). Extreme weather and climate change: population health and health system implications. Annual Review of Public Health, 42(1), 293–315. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-012420-105026
Ernyasih, E., Fajrini, F., Herdiansyah, D., Aulia, L., Andriyani, A., Lusida, N., Fauziah, M., & Dihartawan, D. (2023). Analisis perubahan iklim dan kesehatan mental pada mahasiswa fakultas kesehatan masyarakat Universitas Mu-hammadiyah Jakarta. Environmental Occupational Health And Safety Journal, 3(2), 95. https://doi.org/10.24853/eohjs.3.2.95-102
Florissa, C. B., Subiyanto, A., Marnani, C. S., Widodo, P., Saragih, H. J. R., & Kusuma, K. (2022). Persebaran wilayah rentan terdampak perubahan iklim global di Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Jurnal Kewarganegaraan, (Vol 6 No 4 (2022): Desember 2022), 7115–7122. https://journal.upy.ac.id/index.php/pkn/article/view/4428/2739
Franzen, A., & Bahr, S. (2024). The development of global environmental concern during the last three decades. Current Research in Environmental Sustainability, 8, 100260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crsust.2024.100260
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
Hanifa, R., & Wiratmo, J. (2024). ENSO and IOD influence on extreme rainfall in Indonesia: Historical and future analy-sis. Agromet, 38(2), 78–87. https://doi.org/10.29244/j.agromet.38.2.78-87
Hendrawan, V. S. A., Rahardjo, A. P., Mawandha, H. G., Aldrian, E., Muhari, A., & Komori, D. (2025). Review article: Past and future climate–related hazards in Indonesia. In EGUsphere Preprint. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-584
Henschel, L. D., Franke, G. H., & Jagla-Franke, M. (2025). Psychometric properties of the German Hogg Eco-Anxiety scale and its associations with psychological distress, self-efficacy and social support. BMC Public Health, 25(1), 1624. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22849-3
Hickman, C. (2020). We need to (find a way to) talk about … Eco-anxiety. Journal of Social Work Practice, 34(4), 411–424. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650533.2020.1844166
Higginbotham, N., Connor, L., Albrecht, G., Freeman, S., & Agho, K. (2007). Validation of an environmental distress Scale. EcoHealth, 3(4), 245–254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-006-0069-x
Hogg, T. L., Stanley, S. K., O’Brien, L. V., Wilson, M. S., & Watsford, C. R. (2021). The Hogg Eco-Anxiety Scale: Development and validation of a multidimensional scale. Global Environmental Change, 71, 102391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102391
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria ver-sus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
International Test Commission. (2017). The ITC Guidelines for Translating and Adapting Tests (Second editions). https://www.intestcom.org/files/guideline_test_adaptation_2ed.pdf
Ipsos Global. (2024). Earth day 2024-Indonesia. https://www.ipsos.com/en-id/hari-bumi-indonesia-2024
Jain, N., & Jain, P. (2022). Eco-anxiety and environmental concern as predictors of eco-activism. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1084(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1084/1/012007
Jaro’ah, S., & Saffana, K. (2023). Adaptation of the Climate Anxiety Scale in Indonesian version: The sample of young adults. Psikohumaniora, 8(2), 309–327. https://doi.org/10.21580/pjpp.v8i2.17462
Kaiser, H. F., & Rice, J. (1974). Little Jiffy, Mark Iv. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 34(1), 111–117. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447403400115
Kim, H.-Y. (2013). Statistical notes for clinical researchers: Assessing normal distribution (2) using skewness and kurtosis. Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, 38(1), 52. https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2013.38.1.52
Kline, R. B. (1999). Book Review: Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 17(3), 275–280. https://doi.org/10.1177/073428299901700307
Lawrance, E. L., Thompson, R., Newberry Le Vay, J., Page, L., & Jennings, N. (2022). The impact of climate change on mental health and emotional wellbeing: a narrative review of current evidence, and its implications. International Review of Psychiatry, 34(5), 443–498. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2022.2128725
Maslin, M., Ramnath, R. D., Welsh, G. I., & Sisodiya, S. M. (2025). Understanding the health impacts of the climate cri-sis. Future Healthcare Journal, 12(1), 100240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fhj.2025.100240
Mathé, M., Grisetto, F., Gauvrit, N., & Roger, C. (2025). Psychometric validation of the French version of the Hogg Eco-Anxiety Scale (HEAS-FR). Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue Canadienne Des Sciences Du Comportement, 57(1), 59–65. https://doi.org/10.1037/cbs0000398
Mento, C., Damiani, F., La Versa, M., Cedro, C., Muscatello, M. R. A., Bruno, A., Fabio, R. A., & Silvestri, M. C. (2023). Eco-anxiety: An evolutionary line from psychology to psychopathology. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 59(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59122053
Mucharomah, N. L. & Luqman. (2025). Pengaruh terpaan media terkait perubahan iklim dan self-efficacy terhadap tingkat Eco-anxiety pada Generasi Z di Indonesia. Interaksi Online, 13(1), 653–664. https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/interaksi-online/article/view/48826
Nayab, F., Zia, S., & Imtiaz, M. (2025). Urdu Translation and validation of Hogg Eco Anxiety Scale. iRASD Journal of Educational Research, 6(1), 22–29. https://doi.org/10.52131/jer.2025.v6i1.2675
Ofremu, G. O., Raimi, B. Y., Yusuf, S. O., Dziwornu, B. A., Nnabuife, S. G., Eze, A. M., & Nnajiofor, C. A. (2025). Exploring the relationship between climate change, air pollutants and human health: Impacts, adaptation, and miti-gation strategies. Green Energy and Resources, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerr.2024.100074
Patrick, R., Snell, T., Gunasiri, H., Garad, R., Meadows, G., & Enticott, J. (2023). Prevalence and determinants of mental health related to climate change in Australia. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 57(5), 710–724. https://doi.org/10.1177/00048674221107872
Pihkala, P. (2020). Anxiety and the ecological crisis: An analysis of eco-anxiety and climate anxiety. Sustainability (Swit-zerland), 12(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12197836
Quiroga, A. R., Peña Loray, J. S., Moreno Poyato, A., Roldán Merino, J., Botero, C., Bongiardino, L., Aufenacker, S. I., Stanley, S. K., Costa, T., Luís, S., O’Brien, L. V., Hogg, T. L., Teixeira-Santos, L., Guedes De
Pinho, L., Se-queira, C., & Sampaio, F. (2024). Mental health during ecological crisis: Translating and validating the Hogg Eco-anxiety Scale for Argentinian and Spanish populations. BMC Psychology, 12(1), 227. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-01737-2
Rahmawati, & Hamid, I. (2025). Transformasi interaksi metabolisme manusia-alam: resiliensi masyarakat lahan rawa gambut dalam menghadapi perubahan iklim. Huma: Jurnal Sosiologi, 4(2), 155–166. https://doi.org/10.20527/h-js.v4i2.509
Rahmawati, S. A. (2025). Sistem early warning berbasis elektronika untuk mitigasi bencana alam. Jurnal Ilmu Sains Dan Teknologi, 1(2), 90–97. Retrieved from https://artmediapub.id/index.php/JIST/article/view/129
Rocchi, G., Pileri, J., Luciani, F., Gennaro, A., & Lai, C. (2023). Insights into eco-anxiety in Italy: Preliminary psycho-metric properties of the Italian version of the Hogg Eco-anxiety Scale, age and gender distribution. Journal of En-vironmental Psychology, 92, 102180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2023.102180
Sampaio, F., Costa, T., Teixeira-Santos, L., De Pinho, L. G., Sequeira, C., Luís, S., Loureiro, A., Soro, J. C., Roldán Me-rino, J., Moreno Poyato, A., Peña Loray, J. S., Rodríguez Quiroga, A., O’Brien, L. V., Hogg, T. L., & Stanley, S. K. (2023). Validating a measure for eco-anxiety in Portuguese young adults and exploring its associations with environmental action. BMC Public Health, 23(1), 1905. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16816-z
Schwartz, S. E. O., Benoit, L., Clayton, S., Parnes, M. F., Swenson, L., & Lowe, S. R. (2023). Climate change anxiety and mental health: Environmental activism as buffer. Current Psychology, 42(20), 16708–16721. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-02735-6
Sciberras, E., & Fernando, J. W. (2022). Climate change‐related worry among Australian adolescents: An eight‐year lon-gitudinal study. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 27(1), 22–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12521
Stewart, A. E. (2021). Psychometric properties of the climate change worry scale. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(2), 494. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020494
Turnip, C. H., Lumbansiantar, K. S., Sinaga, P., Nasution, A. R., Harahap, E. S., & Dalimunthe, M. B. (2025). Dampak Perubahan Iklim Dalam Perekonomian Indonesia. SAKOLA: Journal of Sains Cooperative Learning and Law, 2(1), 893–901. https://rayyanjurnal.com/index.php/sakola/article/view/5961/pdf
Uzun, K., Öztürk, A. F., Karaman, M., Cebeci, F., Altin, M. O., Arici, A., & Artan, T. (2022). Adaptation of the Eco-Anxiety Scale to Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study. Archives of Health Science and Research, 9(2), 110–115. https://doi.org/10.54614/ArcHealthSciRes.2022.21151
Verplanken, B., Marks, E., & Dobromir, A. I. (2020). On the nature of eco-anxiety: How constructive or unconstructive is habitual worry about global warming? Journal of Environmental Psychology, 72, 101528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2020.101528
Vinata, R. T., Kumala, M. T., & Yustisia Serfiyani, C. (2023). Climate change and reconstruction of Indonesia’s geogra-phic basepoints: Reconfiguration of baselines and Indonesian Archipelagic Sea lanes. Marine Policy, 148, 105443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105443
Wang, B.-W., He, Y., Wu, W.-H., & Teng, F. (2025). Quantifying indirect economic losses from extreme events to in-form global and local adaptation strategies. Advances in Climate Change Research, 16(4), 674–687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2025.07.001
Wang, D., Lu, Z., Li, M., Zhang, L., Yu, H., Tan, L., Mao, W., Qiao, X., An, T., & Hu, Y. (2025). Measurement of Eco-Anxiety in the Chinese Context: Development and Validation of a New Eco-Anxiety Scale Based on the Hogg Eco-Anxiety Scale. Behavioral Sciences, 15(7), 985. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15070985
Weiß, M., Gutzeit, J., & Hein, G. (2024). Development and validation of the domain-specific climate change distress scale. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 98, 102392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2024.102392
Downloads
Submitted
Accepted
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Indigenous: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
