Investigating the Spatial Relation between Landuse and Property Crime in Kuching, Sarawak through Location Quotient Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v38i2.4575Keywords:
Spatial relation, landuse, property crime, buffer, location quotient analysisAbstract
Urban areas are often associated with higher crime rates, which is a growing concern among communi-ties. This study aim to investigate the spatial relation between landuse and property crime in Kuching, Sarawak through location quotient analysis. There are three method were applied in this study inclu-ding multiple buffer analysis, Pearson’s correlation and location quotient. Based on initial findings, there is an observed increase in crime levels as the distance from the centroid extends from 150 to 750 meters and decrease beyond the 750-meter. The study findings reveal a strong and consistent positive correlation between property crime and land use areas across 2015-2017. Property crime is more pre-valent in urban and associated areas compared to other land use categories. Offenders in Kuching of-ten utilize various tools to break into houses and digs holes, break locks, climb gates, engage in snatch theft using motorcycles, and break car windows to steal handbags that are placed on the right seat. In certain locations, CCTV cameras are positioned far away from the target areas. All of these factors contribute to creating opportunities for offenders. Property crimes were more common during the day-time than at night as during the daytime may be attributed to more people being active outside their homes, providing criminals with easier targets. At night, people tend to stay home, the opportunity for property crimes decreases. The study provides crucial geographic crime information to the Commis-sion of Kuching North City Hall and the Council of the City of Kuching South to enhance urban safety.
Downloads
References
Algahtany, M., & Kumar, L. (2016). A method for exploring the link between urban area expansion over time and the opportunity for crime in Saudi Arabia. Remote Sensing, 8(863), 2-16. doi:10.3390/rs8100863
Amirusholihin, Rahadiantino, L., Nilasari, A., Rakhmawati, D. Y., & Fatoni, F. (2024). How population density and wel-fare affect crime rates: A study in East Java Province, Indonesia. Journal of Law and Sustainable Develop-ment, 12(2), 1-17. doi: 10.24857/rgsa.v18n8-028
Ahmad, A., Masron, T., Kimura, Y., Barawi, M. H., Jubit, N., Junaini, S. N., Redzuan, M. S., Mohd Ali, A. S., & Bisme-lah, L. H. (2024). Univeiling urban violence crime in the State of the Selangor, Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya: A spatial-temporal investigation of violence crime in Malaysia’s key cities. Cogent Social Sciences, 10(1), 2-28. doi: 10.1080/23311886.2024.2347411
Bawaria, M., & Pasupuleti, R. S. (2023). Interrelationships between crime and demographic factors of Bhopal City in India. International review for spatial planning and sustainable development D: Planning Assessment. Inter-national Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development, 11(1) (2023), 226-252. doi: 10.14246/irspsd.11.1_226
Brundsdon, C., & Corcoran, J. (2022). Univeiling the relationship between land use types and the temporal signals of crime: An empirical decomposition approach. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 49(3), 847-865. doi: 10.1177/23998083211033304
Brunsdon, C., & Corcoran, J. (2021). Unveiling the relationship between land use types and the temporal signals of crime: An empirical decomposition approach. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 49(3), 847-865.
Clouse, S., S. (2022). Built environment, land use, and crime: A Las Vegas Study. Department of Criminal Justice Greenspun College of Urban Affairs The Graduate College: University of Nevada, Las Vegas. PhD Thesis Dis-sertation.
Cohen L E, & Felson M. (1979). Social Change and Crime Rate Trends: A Routine Activity Approach. American Socio-logical Review, 44, 588-608.
Corcoran, J., Zahnow, R., Kimpton, A., Wickes, R., & Brunsdon, C. (2021) The temporality of place: Constructing a temporal typology of crime in commercial precincts. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 48(1): 9–24.
Cui, M., Zheng, X., Li, Y., & Wang, Y. (2023). Analysis of NDVI and driving factors in the buffer zone of the Aral Sea. Water, 15(13), 2473, 2-18. doi: 10.3390/w15132473
Department of Statistic Malaysia. (2020). Sarawak’s Population. Retrived From https://v1.dosm.gov.my/v1/uploads/files/6_Newsletter/Newsletter%202020/DOSM_DOSM.SARAWAK_1.2020_Siri-87.pdf
Dutkowska, N. S., & Leitner, M. (2017). Land use influencing the spatial distribution of urban crime: A case study of Szczecin, Poland. International Journal of Geo-Information, 6(74), 2-23.
Errol, Z., Madsen, J. B., & Moslehi, S. (2021). Social disorganization theory and crime in the advanced countries: Two centuries of evidence. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 191, 519-537.
Fondevila, G., Vilalta, C., Perez, C. G., Cafferata, F. G. (2021). Crime deterrent effect of police stations. Applied Geo-graphy, 134(3), 2-11. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2021.102518
Fondevula, G., Perdomo, C. V., Perez, M. C. G., Cafferata, F. G. (2021). Crime deterrent effect of police stations. Ap-plied Geography, 134, 2-11.
Gerell, M. (2021). Does the association between flows of people and crime differ across crime types in Sweden?. Euro-pean Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 27, 433-449.
Hashim, H., E. S. S. M., W. M. N., Wan Mohd. (2018). The spatial distribution of hotspot schools and the relationship with crime pattern in Mukin Petaling and Klang. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 169, 1-8. doi : 10.1088/1755-1315/169/1/012109
Hodgen, C., & Wuschke, K. (2023). The Grass is always greener: Analyzing crime concentration and specialization in urban greenspace environs. Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law & Society, 24(1), 19-37.
Kalantari, M., Ghavagh, A. R., Toomanian, A., & Dero, Q. Y. (2016). A new methodological framework for crime spa-tial analysis using Local Entropy Map. Modern Applied Science, 10(9), 179-190.
Kim, Y-A., & Hipp, J. R. (2021). Density, diversity, and design: Three measures of the built environment and the spatial patterns of crime in street segments. Journal of Criminal Justice, 77, 2-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2021.101864
Knox, P., & S. Pinch. (2009). Urban Social Geography: an Introduction. 6th ed. New York: Rutledge.
Police Kuching District Headquarters. (2018). Kuching Police Report 2015-2017. Crime Investigation Department.
Lu, Y. (2017). Spatial cluster analysis for point data: Location Quotients versus Kernel Density. Retrived From file:///C:/Users/USER/Downloads/Lu-SpatialClusterAnalysisforPointData-LocationQuotientsversusKernelDensity%20(2).pdf
Mburu, E., & Mutua, F. (2023). Investigating the influence of land use and alcohol outlet density on crime in Juja Sub-county, Kenya. Journal of Geovisualization and Spatial Analysis, 7(10), 2-10.
Norita, J., Tarmiji, M., Mohd, N. N., & Danggat, C. (2019) Aplikasi GIS dalam mengenal pasti kawasan hot spot je-nayah harta benda di Kuching, Sarawak. Geografia : Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 15(4), 30-49. doi: 10.17576/geo-2019-1504-03 30
Norita, J., Tarmiji, M., & Azizan, M. (2020b). Spatial pattern of residential burglary. The case study: Kuching, Sarawak. Journal of the Malaysia Institute of Planners, 18(3), 190-201.
Norita, J., Tarmiji, M., Azizan, M. (2020a). Analyzing the spatial temporal of property crime hot spots. A case study of Kuching, Sarawak. Planning Malaysia Journal, 18(4), 1-11. doi: 10.21837/pm.v18i14.813
Norita, J., Tarmiji, M., Azizan, M. (2021). Application of Kernel Density Estimation to identify motorcycle theft hot spots in Kuching, Sarawak. Journal of the Malaysian Institute of Planners, 19(5), 148-159. doi: 10.21837/pm.v19i19.1067
Nuissl, H., & Siedentop, S. (2020). Urbanisation and land use change. Sustainable Land Management in a European Context, 8, 75-99.
Oka, M. (2023). Conceptual and methodological arguments against the use of location quotient as an area-based mea-sure of residential segregation: A measurement perspective. Societies, 13(256), 2-13. doi: 10.3390/soc13120256
Oyenike, A F., Odedare, K. O., Olajoke, A., & Olateju, I. J. (2016). Gis Application in Spatial Analysis of Crime in a Developing Nation: A Case of Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 3(7) 53-78.
Quick, M., Law, J., Li, G. (2017). Time-varying relayionships between land use and crime: A spatio-temporal analysis of small-area seasonal property crime trends. Environment and Planning B: Urban and City Science, 46(6), 1018-1035.
Saadek, S. N., Ahmed, A. J. Md. M. U., Hossain, M., Hanaoka, S. (2019). Effect of land use on crime considering expo-sure and accessibility. Habitat International, 89, 102003.
Saraiva, M., & Teixeira, B. (2023). Exploring the spatial relationship between street crime events and the distribution of urban greenspace: The case of Porto, Portugal. International Journal of Geo-Information, 12(12), 492. doi: 10.3390/ijgi12120492
Sijuwade, P, O. (2014). Urban crime, urnest and social control. Global Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, 3(6), 20-23.
Stenger, M. (2022). Constructing boundaries from buffers: A critical examination of the impact of drinking establish-ments on crime. Phd Dissertation Thesis. Faculty of the University of Delaware. Retrived From https://udspace.udel.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/75aa773d-a57c-4bc7-acb5-f2c1704ad416/content
Tavares, J. P., & Costa, C. (2021). Spatial modeling and analysis of the determinants of property crime in Portugal. In-ternational Journal of Geo-Information, 10(731), 2-18.
Temurcin, K., Dziwornu, M. G. (2016). Annales universitatis paedagogicae cracoviensis. Studia Geographica X, 8-23.
Torres-Tellez, J. (2024). Is there a relationship between hosuing deprivation and crime? Evidence for the Spanish case. International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis, 1753-8270. doi: https: 10.1108/IJHMA-10-2023-0141
UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics (2023). 4.1 Total and urban population. Retrived From https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/tdstat48_FS011_en.pdf
Wang, L., Lee, G., Williams, I. (2019). The spatial and social patterning of property and violent crime in toronto neigh-bourhoods: a spatial-quantitative approach. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 8(51), 2-18. doi: 10.3390/ijgi8010051
Xu, J., Wang, P., & David, L. D. (2022). Study on distribution characteristic of tourism attractions in international cultu-ral tourism demosntration region in South Anhui in China. PloS One, 17(6), 1-16. doi : 10.1371/journal.pone.0269948
Yogzaw, Y., Mekuriaw, A., Amsalu, T. (2023). Analyzing physical and socio-economic factors for property crime inci-dents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Heliyon, 9, e13282, 2-11. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13282
Yue, H., Zhu, X., YE, X., & Guo, W. (2017). The local colocation patterns of crime and land-use features in Wuhan, China. International Journal of Geo-Information, 6(307), 2-15. doi: 10.3390/ijgi6100307
Zhou, L., Wang, C. (2024). Detecting the spatial association between commercial sites and residences in Beijing on the Basis of the colocation quotient. International Jounal of Geo-Information, 13(7), 2-17. 10.3390/ijgi13010007
Zhou, Z., Zhou, H., & Sun, Q. (2024). Unpacking the journey to property crime in Changchun, China. Journal of Inves-tigative Psychology and Offender Profiling, 2-28. doi: 10.1002/jip.1630
Downloads
Submitted
Accepted
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Norita Norita, Tarmiji Masron, Azizul Ahmad, Ryoji Soda
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.