Association Between Self-Care Management and Blood Pressure Control Among Patients with Hypertension in Primary Care: A Cross-Sectional Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23917/bik.v19i2.16469Keywords:
Hypertension, blood pressure, nursing care, Primary Health Care, self careAbstract
Hypertension remains a major public health problem, and blood pressure control is frequently suboptimal in primary care. Although self-care management is considered essential for hypertension control, evidence regarding its association with objective blood pressure outcomes remains limited in Indonesian primary care settings. This study aimed to examine the association between self-care management and blood pressure control among patients with hypertension in primary care. A cross-sectional study was conducted among adult patients with hypertension attending a primary healthcare center in Indonesia between October and December 2025. A total of 272 eligible participants were recruited using total sampling. Self-care management was assessed using the Hypertension Self-Management Behavior Questionnaire (HSMBQ), while blood pressure was measured using standardized clinical procedures. The association between self-care management and uncontrolled blood pressure was examined using multivariable logistic regression. Among 272 patients with hypertension, suboptimal self-care management was independently associated with uncontrolled blood pressure after adjustment for demographic and clinical characteristics (AOR = 7.92, 95% CI = 4.32–14.50; p < 0.001). The final logistic regression model demonstrated good calibration (Hosmer–Lemeshow p = 0.72) and acceptable discrimination (AUC = 0.81). These findings highlight the importance of strengthening nursing interventions focused on self-care education, behavioral monitoring, and patient empowerment to improve blood pressure control in primary care. Integrating structured self-care assessment into routine nursing practice may enhance evidence-based management of hypertension.
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