Black Soldier Fly Bioconversion for Sustainable Organic Waste Management: A Systematic Review and Circular Economy Framework

Hakim Garda Patria; Lista Ferlindia Putri Vanisa; Arundia Putri Wimala; Chintiya Fauziah Sulistiyawan; Rahima Laili Agustine; Faridhatun Nikmah; Yasir Sidiq; Siti Hadiyati Nur Hafida; Nour El Houda Alaoui; Dimitra Alexandra Nikolaou

doi:10.23917/saintek.v3i1.18035

Authors

Hakim Garda Patria Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Mas Said Surakarta
Indonesia
Lista Ferlindia Putri Vanisa Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Mas Said Surakarta
Indonesia
Arundia Putri Wimala Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Mas Said Surakarta
Indonesia
Chintiya Fauziah Sulistiyawan Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Mas Said Surakarta
Indonesia
Rahima Laili Agustine Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Mas Said Surakarta
Indonesia
Faridhatun Nikmah Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Mas Said Surakarta
Indonesia
Yasir Sidiq Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Indonesia
Siti Hadiyati Nur Hafida Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Indonesia
Nour El Houda Alaoui Department of Audit and Management Control, Institut Supérieur du Génie Appliqué
Morocco
Dimitra Alexandra Nikolaou School of Business, Technology, & Engineering, Hellenic American University
Greece

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.23917/saintek.v3i1.18035

Keywords:

larval biomass production, organic residue valorization, biological conversion, waste-to-resource systems, insect protein, organic fertilizer, environmental sustainability

Abstract

Organic waste is a major environmental challenge due to increasing generation and limitations in conventional waste management systems. This study systematically reviews the potential of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens) bioconversion as an integrated approach to sustainable organic waste management. A qualitative systematic literature review was conducted through structured literature searching, screening, data extraction, and thematic synthesis using the PRISMA 2020 framework. The findings indicate that BSF larvae can rapidly reduce organic waste while producing protein-rich larval biomass and nutrient-rich frass. Bioconversion performance is influenced by substrate characteristics, temperature, moisture, aeration, larval density, and operational management. Beyond waste reduction, BSF technology supports resource recovery, alternative feed production, organic fertilizer generation, landfill diversion, and circular economy development. The main contribution of this review is an integrated conceptual framework linking BSF bioconversion with environmental benefits, economic value creation, and sustainable resource management. The findings demonstrate that BSF technology should be considered not merely as a waste treatment method but as an integrated strategy for sustainable organic waste management and circular economy implementation.

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