Legal Consequences of State Administrative Decisions That Violate Good Governance: An Analysis of Islamic Law and Positive Law on the SDGs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23917/profetika.v26i02.12212Keywords:
state administrative decisions, good governance, legal consequences, violating principles, sdgsAbstract
Objective: This study examines the legal consequences of State Administrative Decisions that violate the General Principles of Good Governance (Asas-Asas Umum Pemerintahan yang Baik/AUPB) as regulated in Law Number 30 of 2014 on State Administration, analyzed through the perspectives of Islamic law, positive law, and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework is grounded in the rule of law and good governance theory, emphasizing legality, accountability, and justice in public administration. This framework is complemented by Islamic legal principles such as amanah (trust), ‘adl (justice), and responsibility of rulers, which reinforce ethical governance. From an SDGs perspective, the study aligns particularly with SDG 16, which promotes effective, accountable, and transparent institutions. Literature review: The literature review covers doctrines of administrative law, principles of good governance, Law Number 30 of 2014, and classical as well as contemporary Islamic legal thought concerning justice, leadership ethics, and accountability. Methods: This research employs a normative juridical method through library-based legal research. Data sources include primary legal materials such as statutes and state administrative decisions, secondary materials including scholarly books and journal articles, and tertiary materials such as legal dictionaries and encyclopedias. Qualitative legal analysis is used to interpret norms and evaluate their coherence. Results: The findings indicate that State Administrative Decisions involving dishonesty, abuse of authority, conflicts of interest, or regulatory violations constitute maladministration and weaken democratic governance. From an Islamic law perspective, such decisions violate core ethical principles, while from a positive law perspective, they trigger legal responsibility and administrative sanctions. Implications: The implications emphasize the urgency of strengthening AUPB enforcement, harmonizing Islamic legal values with democratic governance, and enhancing oversight mechanisms to prevent KKN practices. Novelty: The novelty of this study lies in its integrative analysis that bridges state administrative law, Islamic legal ethics, democratic theory, and SDGs-oriented governance.
References
[1] F. F. Adonara, “Prinsip Kebebasan Hakim dalam Memutus Perkara Sebagai Amanat Konstitusi,” J. Konstitusi, vol. 12, no. 2, p. 217, 2016, https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1222.
[2] A. Putrijanti, L. T. Leonard, and K. W. Utama, “Peran PTUN dan AUPB Menuju Tata Kelola Pemerintahan yang Baik (Good Governance),” Mimb. Huk. - Fak. Huk. Univ. Gadjah Mada, vol. 30, no. 2, p. 277, 2018, https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.33056.
[3] D. Riza, “Pengaturan Terhadap Hakikat Keputusan Tata Usaha Negara Menurut Undang-Undang Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara Dan Undang-Undang Administrasi Pemerintahan,” J. Bina Mulia Huk., vol. 3, no. 1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.23920/jbmh.v3n1.7.
[4] A. Rosidi, M. Zainuddin, and I. Arifiana, “Metode Dalam Penelitian Hukum Normatif Dan Sosiologis (Field Research),” J. Law Gov., vol. 2, no. 1, p. 46, 2024, https://doi.org/10.31764/jlag.v2i1.21606.
[5] A. Sobari, “Menguji Asas-Asan Umum Pemerintahan Yang Baik Pada UU Nomor 9 Tahun 2004 Menjadi Norma Hukum Yang Dapat Menentukan Kesalahan Berdasarkan Praktik di PTUN,” Popul. J. Sos. dan Hum., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 92–99, 2023, https://doi.org/10.47313/pjsh.v8i1.2353.
[6] K. Prawiranegara, “Implementasi Asas-Asas Umum Pemerintahan Yang Baik Pada Pemerintahan Kabupaten Dompu,” J. Lex Renaiss., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 591–604, 2021, https://doi.org/10.20885/jlr.vol6.iss3.art11.
[7] B. Rodding, “Keputusan Fiktif Negatif Dan Fiktif Positif Dalam Peningkatan Kualitas Pelayanan Publik,” Tanjungpura Law J., vol. 1, no. 1, p. 26, 2017, https://doi.org/10.26418/tlj.v1i1.18328.
[8] S. Solechan, “Asas-Asas Umum Pemerintahan yang Baik dalam Pelayanan Publik,” Adm. Law Gov. J., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 541–557, 2019, https://doi.org/10.14710/alj.v2i3.541-557.
[9] M. A. Zaelani, I. G. K. A. Rachmi Handayani, and I. Isharyanto, “Asas Umum Pemerintahan Yang Baik Berlandaskan Pancasila Sebagai Dasar Penggunaan Diskresi,” J. Huk. Ius Quia Iustum, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 458–80, 2019, https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol26.iss3.art2.
[10] M. A. Putra, “Administrative Decisions With Potential Legal Consequences As Object of Dispute in the State Administrative Court,” J. Huk. Peratun, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–18, 2020, https://doi.org/10.25216/peratun.312020.1-18.
[11] O. I. Hajjaj et al., “Wrong-site, wrong-procedure, and retained foreign object events in out-of-hospital settings: analysis of closed medico-legal complaints in Canada (2012–2021),” Patient Saf. Surg., vol. 19, no. 1, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13037-025-00432-4.
[12] X. Shanyun, “Uterus rental: Regulating surrogacy in China,” Med. Leg. J., vol. 90, no. 1, pp. 41–44, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1177/00258172211060192.
[13] A. Imami and M. Batalli, “the Role of Administrative Contracts in the Field of Public Administration,” Access to Justice East. Eur., vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 393–409, 2024, https://doi.org/10.33327/AJEE-18-7.3-a000303.
[14] S. S. Santos, A. R. Guelfi, and S. M. Bertão, “the National Payment Policy for Environmental Services: a Step Backwards?,” Veredas do Direito, vol. 19, no. 45, pp. 189–217, 2022, https://doi.org/10.18623/RVD.V19I45.2379.
[15] G. S. Sandoval, “The legal consequences of the susceptibility of direct impact on indigenous peoples in the Chilean environmental impact assessment system,” Rev. Derecho Ambient., vol. 2, no. 18, pp. 253–276, 2022, https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-4633.2022.68558.
[16] Z. M. Afwija, Y. Oktafia, and A. Ghofar, “Strengthening Accountability in Indonesian Notarial Practice: the Legal Gap on Liability for Backdated Deeds,” Indones. Priv. Law Rev., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 57–70, 2025, https://doi.org/10.25041/iplr.v6i1.4459.
[17] A. Sokołowska, “Some Legal Aspects of Plagiarism Among Students,” Adam Mickiewicz Univ. Law Rev., vol. 14, pp. 355–373, 2022, https://doi.org/10.14746/ppuam.2022.14.17.
[18] B. M. Gawrecki, “Reflections on the Context of Public Law and Private Law on the Example of the Decision on the Permit for the Implementation of the Road Investment,” Adam Mickiewicz Univ. Law Rev., vol. 13, pp. 177–198, 2021, https://doi.org/10.14746/ppuam.2021.13.08.
[19] R. Jakab, “Prohibition of cross-border water transport in the conditions of the Slovak Republic and its legal consequences,” J. Agric. Environ. Law, vol. 18, no. 35, pp. 49–63, 2023, https://doi.org/10.21029/JAEL.2023.35.49.
[20] Syamsuddin, Hartiwiningsih, and M. Rustamaji, “Paradox of Criminal Provisions Formulation Regarding Reporting of Political Party Campaign Funds in the 2024 General Election,” J. Ecohumanism, vol. 3, no. 7, pp. 2019–2040, 2024, https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v3i7.4347.
[21] A. Z. Ritter et al., “Optimizing care transitions to post-acute care following hospitalization for people with opioid use disorder,” Innov. Aging, vol. 9, no. 8, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaf069.
[22] D. G. Ajie, Y. R. Yenni, and L. F. Efa, “Liability of Temporary Land Deed Officials for Negligence in Reading Deeds During Sale and Purchase Transactions,” Indones. Priv. Law Rev., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 55–70, 2024, https://doi.org/10.25041/iplr.v5i1.3409.
[23] M. A. Satria, Iwan, and S. Hussain, “Legality of Refusal To Provide Bpjs Patients Health Facilities Based on Fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council (Mui),” J. Ilm. Mizani, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 69–79, 2023, https://doi.org/10.29300/mzn.v10i1.2953.
[24] M. Georgiev, “Legal issues in the property, use, preservation, and management of agricultural lands in Bulgaria,” J. Agric. Environ. Law, vol. 19, no. 37, pp. 135–170, 2024, https://doi.org/10.21029/JAEL.2024.37.135.
[25] A. N. Putri and A. Gunadi, “Legal Consequences of Employer Non-Compliance in Fulfilling Social Security Obligations for Workers Subjected To Unilateral Termination,” J. Al-dustur, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 37–47, 2025, https://doi.org/10.30863/aldustur.v8i1.8702.
[26] S. Winarsi, “Legal Consequences of Disobedience of Provisional Decision of the Administrative Court,” Sriwij. Law Rev., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 152–170, 2024, https://doi.org/10.28946/slrev.Vol8.Iss1.3201.pp152-170.
[27] R. A. P. E. Jaraputri, S. W. Rahayu, M. Din, and M. S. Ghifari, “Legal Consequences for a Notary Public With Double Professions As a Rector of a Private University Based on Law on Office of Notary Public,” Syariah J. Huk. dan Pemikir., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 25–35, 2023, https://doi.org/10.18592/sjhp.v23i1.8611.
[28] P. Pinto Pastor, E. Dorado Fernández, B. Herreros, E. Albarrán Juan, and A. Santiago-Sáez, “Judicial consequences in Spain for the completion of the medical death certificate,” Int. J. Legal Med., vol. 136, no. 1, pp. 365–372, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-021-02733-6.
[29] J. Načiščionis, V. Tumalavičius, U. Skrastiņa, J. Radzevičs, and D. Prakapiene, “Issues of public security: Legal consequences of determining unforeseeable extraordinary events,” J. Secur. Sustain. Issues, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 1117–1127, 2020, https://doi.org/10.9770/jssi.2020.9.3(34).
[30] A. Zarkasi, F. Putra, D. syufradian Putra, and F. binti Abdullah Asuhaimi, “Indonesia’s 2024 Election: Constitutional Court Perspectives on Electoral Violations,” Sriwij. Law Rev., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 372–398, 2025, https://doi.org/10.28946/slrev.v9i2.4584.
[31] J. Handrlica, “Hesitantly towards mutual recognition of ‘vaccination passports’. A survey on potential ubiquity in administrative law1,” Juridical Trib., vol. 11, no. Special Issue, pp. 277–290, 2021, https://doi.org/10.24818/TBJ/2021/11/SP/01.
[32] V. Arya, A. Page, G. Armstrong, G. A. Kumar, and R. Dandona, “Estimating patterns in the under-reporting of suicide deaths in India: Comparison of administrative data and Global Burden of Disease Study estimates, 2005-2015,” J. Epidemiol. Community Health, vol. 75, no. 6, pp. 550–555, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-215260.
[33] I. M. A. Yowana, “Due to Legal Decisions of the Industrial Relations Court that Exceed the Time Limitation of 50 Working Days Since the First Session,” Khazanah Huk., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 52–60, 2022, https://doi.org/10.15575/kh.v4i1.17348.
[34] A. Harianto, “Does religious holiday allowance policy during Covid-19 provide legal certainty?,” Sriwij. Law Rev., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 86–100, 2021, https://doi.org/10.28946/slrev.vol5.iss1.673.pp86-100.
[35] V. I. Maryniv and M. I. Demura, “Criminal and criminal proceeding protection of intellectual property rights,” Sci. Innov., vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 84–93, 2021, https://doi.org/10.15407/scine17.02.084.
[36] A. Sanusi, Y. Somawinata, K. Anwar, Jamaluddin, and A. Rahman, “Cancellation of Marriage due to Negligence and Legal Consequences,” Samarah, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 493–513, 2022, https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v6I1.10230.
[37] H. J. Noor, K. Afkar, and H. Glaser, “Application of Sanctions Against State Administrative Officials Failing to Implement Administrative Court Decisions,” Bestuur, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 53–67, 2021, https://doi.org/10.20961/bestuur.v9i1.49686.
[38] J. S. Pineda, “A lesson of the European Union Antitrust Law: The Principle of Economic continuity,” Rev. Derecho, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 275–295, 2021, https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-09502021000100275.
[39] M. M. O’Neil, R. A. Johnson, D. Córdova, J. Pryor, and D. A. Pinals, “A legal dispute resolution intervention for patients with substance use disorders: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial,” BMC Public Health, vol. 23, no. 1, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15296-5.
[40] M. Loughlin, “William A. Robson and the Making of English Administrative Law,” Mod. Law Rev., vol. 88, no. 5, pp. 911–943, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2230.12958.
[41] Hariyanto, A. T. Yeyeng, B. A. Kapugu, Y. I. Arowosaiye, and M. S. Tajuddin, “Democratization of Village Autonomy in the Construction of Indonesian Administrative Law: Is It Possible?,” J. Media Huk., vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 190–209, 2025, https://doi.org/10.18196/jmh.v32i2.25216.
[42] A. K. AL-Raggad, “Administrative Law’s Role in Protecting Ethnic and Religious Minorities: Legal Mechanisms, Policy Challenges, and Future Directions,” Cent. Eur. J. Public Policy, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 35–55, 2025, https://doi.org/10.2478/cejpp-2025-0008.
[43] E. Willis, “A reappraisal of deference to expert regulators in light of the end of the Chevron doctrine,” Leg. Stud., vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 414–431, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1017/lst.2025.10100.
Downloads
Submitted
Accepted
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Rosidi, Awaludin, I Made Suradana, Obydur Rahman
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
