Advancing Collaborative Competence: Instrumentation Development and Integration Strategies for Effective Learning
Abstract
Collaboration is one of the 21st-century skills that students need to develop, as it underpins further study, participation in society, and entry into the world of work. Teachers therefore need to facilitate and assess students' collaboration skills, which requires a valid, reliable, and effective measurement instrument. This study aimed to develop such an instrument using the 4-D development model (define, design, develop, and disseminate). The define stage revealed that many teachers lacked an instrument for measuring collaboration skills; indicators of the construct were identified accordingly. The design stage produced a collaboration skills instrument comprising nine indicators: contribution, time management, problem-solving, collaboration with others, investigative techniques, quality of work, task focus, readiness, and group-effectiveness monitoring. A scoring rubric was then developed for each indicator. The instrument was validated by experts and tested in two field trials with Grade XI students at two Muhammadiyah senior high schools in Surabaya, Indonesia. Expert validation indicated that the instrument was highly valid, and the trials, conducted using the Inquiry-Based Science Collaboration (IBSC) learning model, showed it to be reliable and effective in measuring collaboration skills. The novelty of this study lies in a collaboration skills instrument shown to be theoretically and empirically suitable for use.
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