Development of Deep Learning-Oriented Augmented Reality Multimedia for Elementary School Teacher Education Students

Ni Putu Candra Prastya Dewi; I Made Ari Winangun; L. Heny Nirmayani; Yasmin Hussain; Ridwan

doi:10.23917/ijolae.v8i2.13585

Authors

Ni Putu Candra Prastya Dewi Postgraduate Programme, Institut Agama Hindu Negeri Mpu Kuturan
Indonesia
I Made Ari Winangun Postgraduate Programme, Institut Agama Hindu Negeri Mpu Kuturan
Indonesia
L. Heny Nirmayani Faculty of Dharma Acarya, Institut Agama Hindu Negeri Mpu Kuturan
Indonesia
Yasmin Hussain City University Malaysia
Malaysia
Ridwan Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sangga Buana YPKP Bandung, Indonesia
Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.23917/ijolae.v8i2.13585

Keywords:

augmented reality, deep learning approach, multimedia learning, digital literacy, joyful learning, mindful learning, meaningful learning, interactive learning media, project-based learning

Abstract

The integration of deep learning principles into technology-enhanced learning remains limited, particularly in the development of Augmented Reality (AR) media that simultaneously promote cultural literacy and digital literacy. This study aimed to develop and validate a Deep Learning-Oriented Augmented Reality Multimedia for Elementary School Teacher Education students. The novelty of this study lies in the integration of the three core dimensions of deep learning Meaningful Learning, Mindful Learning, and Joyful Learning within an AR-based multimedia environment contextualized through Balinese cultural content. This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the Plomp model, encompassing preliminary investigation, design, realization, and evaluation stages. Product validity was assessed by nine experts consisting of three media experts, three learning experts, and three language experts. Data were collected using validation questionnaires and analyzed using Aiken’s V coefficient. The developed multimedia integrates instructional videos, interactive AR visualizations, project-based learning activities, gamified assessments, and cultural literacy materials into a unified learning ecosystem. The results indicate that the multimedia achieved a very high validity level across media, learning, and language aspects, demonstrating its feasibility for implementation in higher education. The findings suggest that integrating deep learning principles with AR technology can create meaningful, reflective, and enjoyable learning experiences while strengthening students’ cultural awareness and digital competencies. This study contributes an innovative instructional design framework for culturally contextualized and technology-enhanced learning in teacher education.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Agan, S. & Puspitoningrum, E. (2021). Kosa Kata Bahasa Asing dalam Bahasa Indonesia Ragam Jurnalistik. WACANA: Jurnal Bahasa, Seni, dan Pengajaran, 5 (2), 63-74. https://doi.org/10.29407/jbsp.v5i2.17556

Agustin, A & Wardhani, H.A.K. (2023). Pengaruh Media Augmented Reality (AR) Berbantuan Assemblr Edu terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa SMP IT Robbani Sintang. Edumedia : Jurnal Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, 7 (2), 7-13.

Akmal, A.N., Maelasari, N, dan Lusiana. (2025). Pemahaman Deep Learning dalam Pendidikan: Analisis Literatur melalui Metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR). JIIP (Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan), 8 (3), 3229-3236. https://doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v8i3.7442

Aldhafeeri, F.M. & Alotaibi, A.A. (2023). Reimagining Education for Successful and Sustainable Digital Shifting. Sage Journals, 13 (1), https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231154474

Alim, S. F., Prayitno, H. J., Mu’ti, A., Sutopo, A., & Hastuti, W. (2025). Fundamental Concepts of Deep Learning Principles in Advancing Holistic Education Practices. Journal of Deep Learning, 1(2), 81–94. https://doi.org/10.23917/jdl.v1i2.11597

Almuhaimin, Akbar, A.A., Safitri, E. (2023). Prinsip Kecukupan Materi Pembelajaran terhadap Mahasiswa Semester 3 PAI UII dalam Mata Kuliah Metodologi Penelitian Pendidikan Tahun Ajaran 2022-2023. At-Thullab Jurnal Mahasiswa Studi Islam, 5 (3), 1393-1404.

Andriyani, D. A., Prayitno, H. J., Minsih, M., Jamali, A., Damayanti, V. S., Dipsatara, T., & Pradana, F. G. (2025). Opportunities and Challenges for the Development of Deep Learning in Vocational Schools: Drivers of Learning Innovation in the Industrial Era 4.0. Journal of Deep Learning, 1(2), 95–108. https://doi.org/10.23917/jdl.v1i2.11027

Arsyad, M., Mujahiddin, Syakhrani, A.W. (2024). The Efficiency Of Using Visual Learning Media In Improving The Understanding Of Science Concepts In Elementary School Students. Indonesian Journal of Education (INJOE), 4 (1), 775-585.

Baeha, N.H., Zahnur, Oktavia, R. (2025). Learning Media Visualisation of Distance in Augmented Reality-Based Three-Dimensional Space. Journal of Educational Research and Evaluation, 9 (1), 212-221. https://doi.org/10.23887/jere.v9i1.87270

Bahtiyar, H.A., Putri, M.N., Faida, F., Kamila, F., dan Fauyan, M. (2021). Efektivitas Penggunaan Youtube sebagai Media Pembelajaran Daring MI/SD. Seminar Nasional PGMI (SEMAI), http://proceeding.iainpekalongan.ac.id/inde x.php/semai

Chosya, J. A. ., & Takiddin, T. (2025). Developing Deep Learning-Based Worksheets to Improve Higher-Order Thinking Skills in Elementary Social Studies. Journal of Deep Learning, 1(1), 37–46. https://doi.org/10.23917/jdl.v1i1.11156

Cieri, R.L., et al. (2021). Virtual and augmented reality: New tools for visualizing, analyzing, and communicating complex morphology. Journal of Morphology, 282 (12), 1785-1800. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.21421

Damayanti, L.S.A. & Putra, G.M.C. (2024). Development of augmented reality media based on Assemblr Edu to enhance the learning outcomes. Research and Development in Education (RaDEn), 4 (2), 924-939. https://doi.org/10.22219/raden.v4i2.34160

Dargan, S., Bansal, S., Kumar, M., Mittal, A., Kumar, K. (2022). Augmented Reality: A Comprehensive Review. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering, 30, 1057-1080.

Domoff, S.E., Borgen, A.L., Maffett, A. (2019). Excessive use of mobile devices and children's physical health. Human Behaviour and Emeging Technologies, 1 (2), 169-175. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.145

Elbashbishy, E.M. (2024). Deep Learning in Education. Sustainability Education Globe, 2 (1), 15-21. https://doi.org/10.21608/seg.2024.269380.1000

Epik, Y., Elihami, Setiawan, D. (2025). Peningkatan Kemampuan Literasi melalui Pembelajaran Deep Learning pada Siswa Kelas IV UPT SDN 8 Pinrang. CJPE: Cokroaminoto Juornal of Primary Education, 8 (1). 421-431.

Faradila, Z.P. (2024). Peran Perencanaan dalam Mewujudkan Pembelajaran yang Aktif dan Menarik. Karimah Tauhid (Karya Ilmiah Mahasiswa Bertauhid), 3 (5), 6046-6053. https://doi.org/10.30997/karimahtauhid.v3i5.13282

Fitriani, A. & Santiani. (2025). Analisis Literatur : Pendekatan Pembelajaran Deep Learning dalam Pendidikan. Jurnal Ilmiah Nusantara (JINU), 2 (3). 50-57.

Hafidzhoh, K.A.M, Madani, N.N., Aulia, Z. & Setiabudi, D. (2023). Belajar Bermakna (Meaningful Learning) Pada Pembelajaran Tematik. Student Scientific Creativity Journal, 1(1), 390–397. https://doi.org/10.55606/sscjamik.v1i1.1142

Haryati, F.D. & Puspitaningrum, D. (2023). Implementasi Ice Breaking sebagai Pemantik Motivasi Belajar Siswa dalam Pembelajaran. Jurnal Al-Ilmi, 4 (1), 99-106. https://doi.org/10.47435/al-ilmi.v4i1.2133

Hasanah, A. (2022). Assemblr Edu Analysis and Interpretation as an Interactive Media in Language Learning. ICIS : Proceeding of International Conference on Islamic Studies,

Hasriadi, Firman, Ningrum. (2023). Development of Canva-Based Animation E-Mind Mapping Guide. DIDAKTIKA : Jurnal Kependidikan, 12 (4), https://doi.org/10.58230/27454312.283

Hidayah, N. & Muhtarom. (2023). Validity and Reliability Test of Teaching Materials Using Aiken's V Formula and SPSS 22. Schola Journal, 1 (2). 75-82. https://doi.org/10.26877/schola.v1i2.342

Hidayati, A., Zuhdi, S., Resti, M., Azaria, T.T. (2024). Use of Canva in Primary School Education: A Qualitative Study of The Use, Advantages and Disadvantages of Canva. Proceeding International Conference on Economy, Education, Technology, Environment, 2 (1), 322-326. https://doi.org/10.36728/iceete.v2i1.207

Indahsari, L. & Sumirat, S. (2023). Implementasi Teknologi Augmented Reality dalam Pembelajaran Interaktif. Cognoscere: Jurnal Komunikasi Dan Media Pendidikan, 1(1), 7–11. https://doi.org/10.61292/cognoscere.v1i1.20

Jamaludin, N.F. & Sedek, S.F. (2023). CANVA as a Digital Tool for Effective Student Learning Experience. Journal of Advanced Research in Computing and Applications, 33 (1), 22-33. https://doi.org/10.37934/arca.33.1.2233

Kamran, F., Kanwal, A., Afzal, A., Rafiq, S. (2023). Impact of Interactive Teaching Methods on Students Learning Outcomes at University level. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 7 (7). 89-105.

Khairi, A. M., & Ishafit, I. (2026). Development of an Internet of Things (IoT) Based Grating Diffraction Experimental Device with Real-Time Light Intensity Data Acquisition. Jurnal Penelitian Sains Teknologi, 105-127.

Khusnani, A., Jufriansah, A., Wahab, D. S., Samana, F. R. A., Bahruddin, S. A., Anwar, Z., ... & Arifin, A. S. (2026). Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Volcanic Aerosols: Absorbing Aerosol Index (AAI) Analysis During the Eruption of Mount Lewotobi Laki-laki. Jurnal Penelitian Sains Teknologi, 34-43.

Kovac, V.B., Nome, D.O., Jensen, A.R., Skreland, L.L. (2025). The why, what and how of deep learning: critical analysis and additional concerns. Education Inquiry, 16 (2), 237-252. https://doi.org/10.1080/20004508.2023.2194502

Kustyarini, K., Utami, S., Koesmijati, E, (2020). The Importance Of Interactive Learning Media In A New Civilization Era. Europan Journal of Open Education and E-Learning Studies, 5(2), 48-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejoe.v5i2.3298

Lindriany, J., Hidayati, D., & Muhammad Nasaruddin, D. (2022). Urgensi Literasi Digital Bagi Anak Usia Dini dan Orang Tua. Journal of Education and Teaching (JET), 4(1), 35–49. https://doi.org/10.51454/jet.v4i1.201

Lubis, L.H., Febriani, B., Yana, R.F., Azhar, Darajat, M. (2023). The Use of Learning Media and its Effect on Improving the Quality of Student Learning Outcomes. The International Journal of Education, Social Studies, and Management (IJESSM), 3 (2), 7-14. https://doi.org/10.52121/ijessm.v3i2.148

Mahardhika, I. E. P., Prayitno, H. J., Indri, I., & Fitriyan, M. R. (2025). Visual and Contextual Learning for Deep Learning Education: A Unified Tool for Theory–Practice Integration. Journal of Deep Learning, 1(1), 69–80. https://doi.org/10.23917/jdl.v1i1.11556

Mauluddian, Y. & Yulindrasari, H. (2024). Peran Literasi Digital dalam Mendukung Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini melalui Pemanfaatan Teknologi. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 8 (5), https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v8i5.6166.

Mutmainnah, N., Adrias, Zulkarnaini, A.P. (2025). Implementasi Pendekatan Deep Learning Terhadap Pembelajaran Matematika di Sekolah Dasar. Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 10 (1), 858-871. https://doi.org/10.23969/jp.v10i01.23781

Naseer, F., Khan, M. N., Tahir, M., Addas, A., & Aejaz, S. M. H. (2024). Integrating Deep Learning techniques for personalized learning pathways in higher education. Heliyon, 10(11), e32628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32628

Nistrina, K. (2021). Penerapan Augmented Reality Dalam Media Pembelajaran. Jurnal Sistem Informasi, J-SIKA, 3 (1)

Nugroho, B. S., Prayitno, H. J., Utami, R. D., Purnomo, E., & Jamali, A. (2025). Development of Learning Materials Based on Meaningful Learning as an Ef-fort to Foster Green Behavior in Elemen-tary Schools. Journal of Deep Learn-ing, 2(1), 12–18. https://doi.org/10.23917/jdl.v2i1.11559

O’Neill, G. & Short, A. (2023). 2few have addressed the importance of real-world learning. Irish Educational Studies, 44 (1), 23-40. https://doi.org/10.1080/03323315.2023.2221663

Opoh, S.N., Haris, I., Sumar, W.T. (2021). Pemanfaatan Media Pembelajaran Digital Pada Perkuliahan. Student Journal of Educational Management, 1 (2), 220-234. https://doi.org/10.37411/sjem.v1i2.1033

Pedroso, J.E.P., Sulleza, R.S., Francisco, K.H.M.C., Noman, A.J.O., Martinez, C.A.V. (2023). Students’ Views on Using Canva as an All-In-One Tool for Creativity and Collaboration. Journal of Digital Learning and Distance Education (JDLDE), 2 (2), 444-460. https://doi.org/10.56778/jdlde.v2i1.117

Putra, L.D. & Pratama, S.Z.A. (2023). Pemanfaatan Media dan Teknologi Digital Dalam Mengatasi Masalah Pembelajaran. Journal Transformation of Mandalika, 4 (8), 310-317. https://doi.org/10.36312 /jtm.v4i8.2005

Putri, R. (2024). Inovasi Pendidikan dengan Menggunakan Model Deep Learning di Indonesia. JPKP : Jurnal Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan dan Politik, 2(2),69–77. https://doi.org/10.61476/186hvh28

Qirem, I.A.E., Alsmadi, A.A., Lozi, E.A. (2022). Impact of Interactive Education on the Learning Outcomes and Quality Assurance. Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice, 22 (5), 151-160. https://doi.org/10.33423/jhetp.v22i5.5210

Rahiem, M. D. H. (2020). Technological barriers and challenges in the use of ICT during the COVID-19 emergency remote learning. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(11B), 6124–6133. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.082248.

Rahma, D.N., Ramadhani, K.A., Corazon, M., Fami, A., Bagus, I.R.G. (2024). The Influence of Canva Application Features on The Graphic Design Confidence: A Case Study of College Students. Journal of Applied Multimedia and Networking, 8 (1), 60-67. https://doi.org/10.30871/jamn.v8i1.7684

Saepullah, Yusup, M., Amin, N., Rudini, D., Kasmin. (2025). Digital-Based Learning Transformation: Innovation And Challenges In The Society 5.0 Era. International Journal of Teaching and Learning, 3(3), 65-72.

Sele, Y., Sila, V.U.R., Hanoe, E.M.Y. (2024). Pemberdayaan Literasi Digital Guru Melalui Pelatihan Penggunaan Augmented Reality. JMM (Jurnal Masyarakat Mandiri), 8 (1), 535-543. https://doi.org/10.31764/jmm.v8i1.20246

Suwardi, A.A., Amril, L.O., Mawardini, A. (2024). Pengaruh Media Digital Augmented RealityBerbantu Aplikasi Assemblr EduTerhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Pengajaran Sekolah Dasar, 3(2), 126–138. https://doi.org/10.56855/jpsd.v3i2.1087

Syahrir, A.P., Zahirah, S.P., Salamah, U. (2023). Pemanfaatan Aplikasi Desai Grafis Canva dalam Pembelajaran Multimedia di SMA Negeri 1 Taman. Seminar Nasional,

Syed, T.A., Siddiqui, M.S., Abdullah, H.B., Jan, S., Namoun, A., Alzahrani, A., Nadeem, A., Alkhodre, A.B. (2022). In-Depth Review of Augmented Reality: Tracking Technologies, Development Tools, AR Displays, Collaborative AR, and Security Concerns. Sensors, 23, 146. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23010146

Tania, E.P., Patmaningrum, A., Aint, A.Z. (2023). Penerapan Media Pembelajaran Augmented Reality Melalui Aplikasi Assemblr Edu terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Materi Statistika Kelas X SMK Negeri 1 Gondang. Dharma Pendidikan, 18 (2), 126-133. https://doi.org/10.69866/dp.v19i2.491

Taqiyya, W., Utami, R. D., Samsuri, M., & Siswanto, H. (2025). Strategies of Deep Learning to Foster Meaningful and Sustainable Education in the 21st Century. Journal of Deep Learning, 1(2), 127–138. https://doi.org/10.23917/jdl.v1i2.11609

Utomo, J. B., Prayitno, H. J., & Indri, I. (2025). Strategies and Development of the Deep Learning Approach in Vocational High Schools in the Era of Global Computing . Journal of Deep Learning, 1(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.23917/jdl.v1i1.10855

Venkatesan, M., Mohan, H., Ryan, J.R., Nolan, G.P., Frakes, D.H., Coskun, A.F. (2021). Virtual and augmented reality for biomedical applications. Cell Report Medicine, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100348

Vu, N.N., Hung, B.P., Van, N.T.T., Lien, N.T.H. (2021). Theoretical and Instructional Aspects of Using Multimedia Resources in Language Education: A Cognitive View. Multimedia Technologies in the Internet of Things Environment, 2,

Waang, G.P. (2023). Maximizing the Potential of Multimedia in Indonesia: Enhancing Engagement, Accessibility, and Learning Outcomes. Journal of Apropriate Techlology, 9 (3), 235-245. https://doi.org/10.37675/jat.2023.00409

Wang, C., Zhang, M., Sesunan, A., & Yolanda, L. (2023). Peran Teknologi Dalam Transformasi Pendidikan Di Indonesia. Tinjauan dampak terkini Gerakan Merdeka Belajar.

Wang, Q., Zhang,Y., Zhang, Y., & Chen,T. (2023). The Impactof Mindful Learning on Subjective and Psychological Well-Being in Postgraduate Students. Behavioral Sciences, 13(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13121009

Yadav, N. (2024). The Impact of Digital Learning on Education. International Journal of Multciplinary Research in Arts, Science and Technology, 2 (1), 24-34. https://doi.org/10.61778/ijmrast.v2i1.34

Zakiyyah, D., Suswandari, M., Khayati, N. (2022). Penerapan Ice Breaking pada Proses Belajar Guna Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa Kelas IV SD Negeri Sugihan 03. Journal of Educational Learning and Innovation, 2 (1), 73-85.

Zutiasari, I., Wardoyo, C., Hermawan, A., Wilujeng, I.P., Rusmana, D., Zahroh, I.A. (2025). Educational Transformation: Systematic Literature Review Pada Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Digital di Perguruan Tinggi. Research and Development Journal of Education, 11 (1), 152-163. http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/rdje.v11i1.27912.