The Influence of Punitive Sanctions and the Social Environment on Student Discipline at a Muhammadiyah Junior High School in Sukoharjo

Abstract

This study aims to examine the influence of disciplinary sanctions and the social environment on student discipline at a Muhammadiyah junior high school. Using a quantitative correlational approach and multiple linear regression analysis, this study involved 48 respondents selected from the study population. Primary data were collected through a questionnaire developed based on indicators for each variable, which had been tested for validity and reliability. The results indicate that disciplinary sanctions do not have a significant partial effect on student discipline, whereas the social environment has a positive and significant effect on student discipline. Simultaneously, disciplinary sanctions and the social environment jointly influence student discipline, with both variables contributing 34.8% to the variance in discipline levels. Punishment can function as a tool for social control when supported by a positive social environment; however, student discipline cannot be sufficiently fostered through a repressive approach involving sanctions alone but also requires the formation of strong social bonds within the school environment. This study highlights the importance of strengthening a positive school social environment through teacher interaction, peer support, and school culture to foster sustainable student discipline.