PKBM–PKPPS Dualism in Pesantren: Challenges of Collaborative Governance and IRE Innovation Toward SDG 4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23917/profetika.v27i02.17650Keywords:
collaborative governance, pkbm-pkpps, pesantren tradisional, sdgs 4, inovasi ireAbstract
Objective: This study aims to analyze the policy contestation between PKBM and PKPPS in equality education in Islamic boarding schools. This research also formulates a more integrated reconstruction model of Islamic Religious Education (IRE) services to support the achievement of SDG 4. Theoretical framework: This study uses the Collaborative Governance framework from Ansell and Gash (2008). The framework emphasizes collaboration between stakeholders to address regulatory fragmentation and improve the effectiveness of education governance. Literature review: A literature review discusses the dynamics of equality education policies in Indonesia, especially the relationship between PKBM and PKPPS. The literature also highlights the dualism of regulations between ministries and their impact on pesantren governance and graduate recognition. Methods: This study uses a qualitative approach with a policy analysis method. The analysis focused on regulations related to PKBM and PKPPS to identify overlapping policies and their impact on pesantren education services. Results: The results of the study show that there is a regulatory dualism between the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Religion. This condition triggers governance fragmentation, bureaucratic inefficiency, and inequality in the recognition of equality education graduates in Islamic boarding schools. Implications: This study emphasizes the importance of policy integration and cross-sectoral synergy in the management of pesantren education. The proposed collaborative model can strengthen education governance and equity while supporting the achievement of SDG 4. Novelty: The novelty of this research lies in the policy reconstruction model based on the five pillars of Collaborative Governance. This model is realized through a one-roof system that integrates EMIS and Dapodik and combines the yellow book curriculum with global competency standards.
References
[1] Mardiah Astuti, Herlina Herlina, Ibrahim Ibrahim, Aldi Junandar, M. Bagus Prasetyo, and Dini Marega, “Mengoptimalkan Peran Pondok Pesantren Dalam Pendidikan Islam,” J. Kaji. Dan Penelit. Umum, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 157–168, 2023, https://doi.org/10.47861/jkpu-nalanda.v1i3.237.
[2] C. D. Chaney, N. Nicks, and C. Caldwell, “From G.E.D. to Ph.D.: Eric Thomas as a Model of Educational Success,” J. Educ. Learn., vol. 9, no. 6, p. 42, 2020, https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v9n6p42.
[3] W. Widodo, I. Darmawanti, and N. N. Kharisma, “Strategy of Non-Formal Education Development Through Entrepreneurial Skills at CLC Budi Utama Surabaya,” J. Nonform. Educ., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 23–31, 2021, https://doi.org/10.15294/jne.v7i1.26796.
[4] P. Rahabav and T. R. Souisa, “Evaluation of non-formal education management in Maluku Province, Indonesia,” Int. J. Eval. Res. Educ., vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 1395–1408, 2021, https://doi.org/10.11591/IJERE.V10I4.21116.
[5] L. J. Lokollo, Z. Syahrial, and Soepriyanto, “Program evaluation for community learning centers as community learning resources in Ambon city,” Int. J. Recent Technol. Eng., vol. 8, no. 2 Special Issue 9, pp. 353–361, 2019, https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.B1080.0982S919.
[6] A. P. Astutik et al., “Development of ‘ATAP’ (Al Qur’an therapy to answer the problem) in improving self-compassion and resilience of parents of children with special needs,” Edelweiss Appl. Sci. Technol., vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 814–830, 2024, https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2168.
[7] D. Widiani, S. Sirait, A. Prastowo, and A. Munip, “Kuttab in Indonesia: Its Existence and Development during the Reform Era,” J. Al-Tamaddun, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 115–128, 2023, https://doi.org/10.22452/JAT.vol18no1.10.
[8] N. Hoerniasih, A. Hufad, U. Wahyudin, E. Sudiapermana, D. Yunus, and C. Sukmana, “Pentahelix-Based Entrepreneurship Management At Pkbm Asholahiyah,” Int. J. Prof. Bus. Rev., vol. 7, no. 3, 2022, https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2022.v7i3.e616.
[9] D. Darmawan, D. Yatimah, K. Sasmita, and R. Syah, “Analysis of non-formal education tutor capabilities in exploring assessment for science learning,” J. Pendidik. IPA Indones., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 267–275, 2020, https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v9i2.24025.
[10] S. Fikru, M. Urge, and G. Animut, “Effects of feeding processed kidney bean meal (Phaseolus vulgaris) by replacing soybean meal on egg fertility and qualities of chicks of white leghorn hens,” J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 146–152, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2015.b66.
[11] L. P. A. Karnadi, A. A. G. Agung, K. R. Dantes, and I. G. A. Purnamawati, “Income and community service are the two most important factors in increasing motivation to teach equality tutors (Study on equality education program),” Edelweiss Appl. Sci. Technol., vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 1088–1100, 2025, https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v9i4.6175.
[12] M. Alméstar, S. Romero-Muñoz, and N. Mestre, “Breaking Silos: A Systemic Portfolio Approach and Digital Tool for Collaborative Urban Decarbonisation,” Sustain., vol. 17, no. 11, 2025, https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115145.
[13] F. G. Gaviria-Ortiz et al., “Other Conservation Strategies in Colombia: A practical approach,” Ecol. Solut. Evid., vol. 6, no. 4, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1002/2688-8319.70161.
[14] S. Stoeva, “Collaborative governance in urban agriculture: Stakeholder roles, collaborative mechanisms, and power dynamics,” J. Agric. Food Syst. Community Dev., vol. 15, no. 1, 2025, https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2025.151.014.
[15] J. Rimlinger et al., “Shaping local disaster risk governance through multi-stakeholder collaboration: Insights from the public-private-civil partnership approach - Application to the case studies of the municipality of Egaleo (Greece) and Centro Region (Portugal),” Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduct., vol. 133, 2026, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105973.
[16] D. Bustamante, A. Londoño-Pineda, J. A. Cano, and S. Weyers, “Overcoming Barriers to Circular Economy in Plastic Packaging: Enablers and Integrated Strategies in Multinational Companies,” Sustain., vol. 17, no. 21, 2025, https://doi.org/10.3390/su17219757.
[17] J. A. Nukpezah, J. T. Apalowo, and S. Abutabenjeh, “Why do cities go smart? Investigating the determinants of local engagement with smart cities technologies,” Cities, vol. 163, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2025.106036.
[18] N. Sukma and S. Yamnill, “A new public management model for open data collaboration in sustainable digital insurance ecosystems,” Front. Polit. Sci., vol. 7, 2025, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2025.1598403.
[19] A. A. Mekarisce, “Teknik Pemeriksaan Keabsahan Data pada Penelitian Kualitatif di Bidang Kesehatan Masyarakat,” JJurnal Ilm. Kesehat. Masy. Media Komun. Komunitas Kesehat. Masy., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 145–151, 2020, https://doi.org/10.52022/jikm.v12i3.102.
[20] A. Sholikhah, “Statistik Deskriptif Dalam Penelitian Kualitatif,” KOMUNIKA J. Dakwah dan Komun., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 342–362, 2016, https://doi.org/10.24090/komunika.v10i2.953.
[21] W. Yuliani, “Metode Penelitian Deskriptif Kualitatif Dalam Perspektif Bimbingan Dan Konseling,” QUANTA J. Kaji. Bimbing. dan Konseling dalam Pendidik., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 1–10, 2018, https://doi.org/10.22460/q.v2i1p21-30.642.
[22] M. Mulyadi, “Penelitian Kuantitatif Dan Kualitatif Serta Pemikiran Dasar Menggabungkannya,” J. Stud. Komun. dan Media, vol. 15, no. 1, p. 128, 2013, https://doi.org/10.31445/jskm.2011.150106.
[23] A. Prayogi, “Pendekatan Kualitatif dalam Ilmu Sejarah: Sebuah Telaah Konseptual,” Hist. Madania J. Ilmu Sej., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 240–254, 2021, https://doi.org/10.15575/hm.v5i2.15050.
[24] B. Dill, “How Institutional Layering Shapes Collaborative Governance: An Examination of Forest Collaboratives in the Pacific Northwest (PNW),” Sociol. Compass, vol. 19, no. 2, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.70045.
[25] Y. Su and M. Wu, “Multiple institutional pressures, government attention allocation, and regional environmental performance: a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis study across (FSQCA) 30 provinces in China,” Front. Environ. Sci., vol. 13, 2025, https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1642985.
[26] R. Zhu, Y. Zhao, and Y. Li, “Paradigm Shift in Global Governance of Medical Brain-Computer Interface: Addressing Practical Challenges Through Institutional Innovation,” Risk Manag. Healthc. Policy, vol. 18, pp. 3755–3768, 2025, https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S555754.
[27] W. G. Lol, K. Petrova, and S. Ires, “Value Co-Creation for E-Government Services in Small Island Developing Nations: A Case Study,” Inf., vol. 16, no. 7, 2025, https://doi.org/10.3390/info16070613.
[28] X. Li, J. Chen, Q. Li, F. Lei, and P. Yi, “Addressing the obstacles in cultivating global advocates for traditional Chinese medicine: qualitative perspectives from stakeholder interview analysis,” Front. Public Heal., vol. 13, 2025, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1703208.
[29] G. Esposito, C. C. Amitrano, C. Troise, and D. Yahiaoui, “Conceptualising governance pathways for digital entrepreneurial ecosystems: A Nested-Cyclical framework,” Int. Entrepreneur. Manag. J., vol. 22, no. 1, 2026, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-025-01153-x.
[30] G. Onyango, “Social Processes of Public Sector Collaborations in Kenya: Unpacking Challenges of Realising Joint Actions in Public Administration,” J. Knowl. Econ., vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 8141–8171, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-024-02176-5.
[31] Z. Tian, H. Zou, S. Yang, and Q. Hou, “Research on Collaborative Governance of Cross-Domain Digital Innovation Ecosystems Based on Evolutionary Game Theory,” Systems, vol. 13, no. 7, 2025, https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13070558.
[32] J. Liu, X. Wang, W. Miao, and X. Wang, “What factors enable sustainable university-industry collaboration communities? Evidence from a symbiosis theory perspective,” Sustain. Futur., vol. 10, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2025.101166.
[33] J. N. Obi, E. Ojo, and C. O. Ujah, “Decentralised renewable energy in sub-Saharan Africa: A critical review of pathways to equitable and sustainable energy transitions,” Unconv. Resour., vol. 9, 2026, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100267.
[34] M. I. Alisyahbana, A. Fitri, A. Lionardo, and M. H. Thamrin, “Coordinating Fire Prevention In Indonesia: A Systematic Review Of Policy Effectiveness And Actor Collaboration In South Sumatra,” Archit. Image Stud., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 1451–1462, 2025, https://doi.org/10.62754/ais.v6i3.470.
[35] N. Sukma and S. Yamnill, “Trust, Commitment, and Technology: An Integrated Model of Collaborative Governance in Digital Insurance Regulation,” Hum. Behav. Emerg. Technol., vol. 2025, no. 1, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1155/hbe2/8884386.
[36] A. Srikolchan, C. Promjittiphong, C. Losiri, S. Dabphet, and N. Thaijongrak, “Developing a Resource-Constrained Age-Friendly City Framework: A Mixed-Methods Study of Urban Aging in Bangkok, Thailand,” Sustain., vol. 17, no. 16, 2025, https://doi.org/10.3390/su17167394.
[37] I. Manikas, “The Managerial Architecture of Food Justice: A Theory of Integrative Governance for Systemic Transformation,” Food Ethics, vol. 11, no. 1, 2026, https://doi.org/10.1007/s41055-025-00195-9.
[38] L. Cheng, W. Chen, R. Li, and C. Zhang, “Multi-Stakeholder Agile Governance Mechanism of AI Based on Credit Entropy,” Sustain., vol. 17, no. 20, 2025, https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209196.
[39] D. Beckers, L. Mora, F. Platania, and P. Gerli, “There Is No Rose Without a Thorn: Examining the Contribution of Collaborative Platforms to Sustaining Collaborative Governance,” Governance, vol. 39, no. 1, 2026, https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.70090.
[40] A. Williamsson and L. Dellve, “Swedish municipalities’ local governance strategies in co-creating health-promoting conditions for senior adults,” Public PolicyAdm., vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 633–655, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1177/09520767251330452.
[41] B. Chen, X. Wei, S. Lou, H. Zhang, I. H. Ngan, and K. U. Wong, “Governing Collaborative Technological Innovation for Net-Zero Transition in Micro-Jurisdictions: Evidence from Macao’s New Qualitative Productivity Framework,” Sustain., vol. 18, no. 3, 2026, https://doi.org/10.3390/su18031509.
Downloads
Submitted
Accepted
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Waliya Purnama Sari, Ani Maghfiroh, Firiyanto, Ruslaini, Muhammad Sirozi, Mardiah Astuti
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
