PENYULUHAN NEUROPATI DIABETIK SEBAGAI UPAYA PROMOTIF DAN PREVENTIF PADA LANSIA DI PANTI USIA LANJUT: STUDI PRE-EKSPERIMENTAL PRETEST–POSTTEST

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Lansia merupakan kelompok usia yang rentan terhadap penyakit degeneratif, termasuk diabetes melitus dan komplikasinya seperti neuropati diabetik, yang dapat menurunkan kualitas hidup dan kemandirian. Panti Usia Lanjut Aisyiyah Sumber Surakarta menampung 28 lansia perempuan berusia 62 tahun hingga 86 tahun dengan tingkat keterbatasan mobilitas yang beragam, sehingga diperlukan upaya promotif dan preventif yang terstruktur. Permasalahan utama mitra adalah rendahnya pengetahuan lansia mengenai neuropati diabetik dan belum optimalnya deteksi dini risiko diabetes. Kegiatan ini bertujuan meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesadaran lansia tentang neuropati diabetik serta melakukan skrining awal melalui pemeriksaan gula darah sewaktu. Metode pelaksanaan meliputi pemeriksaan gula darah sewaktu, pretest pengetahuan, penyuluhan kesehatan yang disampaikan melalui presentasi, leaflet, dan poster dengan pendekatan kesehatan dan nilai Islam, serta posttest sebagai evaluasi. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan data pretest dan posttest terdistribusi normal (p>0,05) dan terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan yang bermakna secara statistik berdasarkan uji paired samples t-test (p<0,001). Kesimpulan kegiatan ini menunjukkan bahwa penyuluhan neuropati diabetik efektif meningkatkan pengetahuan lansia dan berpotensi menjadi upaya promotif dan preventif yang berkelanjutan di lingkungan panti usia lanjut.

ABSTRACT

Older adults are a population group that is highly vulnerable to degenerative diseases, including diabetes mellitus and its complications such as diabetic neuropathy, which may significantly reduce quality of life and functional independence. Aisyiyah Sumber Orphanage in Surakarta accommodates 28 female older adults aged 60 until 86 years, with varying levels of mobility limitation, highlighting the need for structured promotive and preventive health interventions. The main problems faced by the partner institution are limited knowledge of diabetic neuropathy among residents and the lack of early detection of diabetes risk. This activity aimed to improve older adults’ knowledge and awareness of diabetic neuropathy and to conduct early screening through random blood glucose testing. The methods included random blood glucose examination, a hookup, pretest assessment, health education delivered through presentations, leaflets, and posters incorporating health education and Islamic perspectives, and a posttest evaluation. The results showed that pretest and posttest data were normally distributed (p>0.05), with a statistically significant increase in knowledge after the intervention based on the paired samples t-test (p<0.001). In conclusion, diabetic neuropathy health education is effective in increasing older adults’ knowledge and has the potential to serve as a sustainable promotive and preventive strategy in institutional elderly care settings.