Transforming Vocational Education through Local Wisdom: Institutionalization of Pendidikan Khas Kejogjaan in School Organizational Culture
Abstract
This study examines the integration of organizational culture and multiculturalism within Pendidikan Khas Kejogjaan (PKJ) in vocational secondary schools (SMK) in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The research explores how PKJ core values hamangku-hamengku-hamengkoni, mangasah mingising budi, sawiji greget sengguh ora mingkuh, pamenthanging gandhewa, and golong-gilig shape organizational culture and support multicultural educational practices in vocational settings. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining qualitative case studies and document analysis. Data were collected from 18 SMK across five districts in Yogyakarta (Bantul, Sleman, Kulon Progo, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta) through in-depth interviews with school principals, focus group discussions with teachers, classroom observations, and document reviews, involving 124 respondents. Quantitative data from school performance indicators and student character assessments were also analyzed. The findings reveal that 89.4% of participating schools have formally integrated PKJ values into their organizational culture. Schools implementing PKJ systematically demonstrated higher student character assessment scores (mean = 82.3 vs. 71.6, p < 0.01) and stronger multicultural tolerance indicators. Five key mechanisms were identified: curriculum integration, school atmosphere development, leadership modeling, extracurricular activities, and school-community partnerships. Major challenges include uneven teacher training, limited multicultural assessment instruments, and tensions between vocational modernization and traditional Yogyakarta cultural values.
Full text article
References
Afandi, R., Yahya, S., Sulistyawan, G. D., & bin Mahyuddin, M. K. (2026). Transformational leadership from an Islamic educational perspective: Revitalising vocational education in rural Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, 23(1), 279–299.
Agus Mursidi. (2025). Transformation of history education based on local wisdom to foster historical awareness in Generation Z. Jurnal Iqra’: Kajian Ilmu Pendidikan, 10(3), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.25217/ji.v10i3.6525
Arjaya, I. B. A., Suastra, I. W., Redhana, I. W., & Sudiatmika, A. A. I. A. R. (2024). Global trends in local wisdom integration in education: A comprehensive bibliometric mapping analysis from 2020 to 2024. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 23(7), 120–140. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.23.7.7
Bound, H. (2011). Vocational education and training teacher professional development: Tensions and context. Studies in Continuing Education, 33(2), 107–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/0158037X.2011.554176
Budianto, S., Darmawan, A. A., Fardany, N. H., & Saputro, A. D. (2026). Integrating local wisdom into twenty-first century curriculum transformation: Evidence from Indonesian schools. Journal of Scientific Research, Education, and Technology (JSRET), 5(3), 1885–1925.
Cahyaningsih, A., Nurdin, E. S., Budimansyah, D., Ruyadi, Y., & Dewantara, J. A. (2025). Ethno-learning and character formation: Values and morals through culture-based education in Cirebon. Jurnal Moral Kemasyarakatan, 10(2), 517–534. https://doi.org/10.21067/jmk.v10i1.11999
Darna, N. D., Suryana, A., Herdiansah, D., & Wahyudin, W. (2026). Toward a local wisdom-based organizational culture model: A grounded theory study of Galuh values. Interdisciplinary International Journal of Conservation and Culture, 4(1), 24–29.
Deal, T. E., & Peterson, K. D. (2016). Shaping school culture. John Wiley & Sons.
Diwanti, A., & Perdana, O. W. (2025). Pendidikan khas Kejogjaan dalam pembentukan karakter siswa. Pedagogik: Jurnal Pendidikan, 20(2), 142–153. https://doi.org/10.33084/pedagogik.v20i2.11149
Enas, E., & Bahtiar, W. G. (2025). Values-based educational innovation management strategies local cultural wisdom in the era of globalization. In Proceeding of International Conference on Educational Governance, Policy, and Leadership (ICEGPL) (Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 103–117).
Fadli, M. R. (2021). Implementation of sociocultural based character education in senior high school. Jurnal Pendidikan Karakter, 12(2), 134–145. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpka.v12i2.41957
Fauzi, A., Pelu, I. E. A., & Suhairom, N. (2023). Local wisdom of Pesantren as core value in building an Islamic education organizational culture in Indonesia. Cendekia: Jurnal Kependidikan dan Kemasyarakatan, 21(1), 16–28.
Hafizin, H., Maisyaroh, M., Timan, A., & Triwiyanto, T. (2026). Best practices of local wisdom oriented Islamic education management for fostering intercultural sensitivity in vocational tourism schools. Journal of Innovation in Educational and Cultural Research, 7(2), 257–266.
Hariyanti, T. (2025). Curriculum-based empowerment through local knowledge integration in vocational schools. Chatra: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran, 3(2), 131–140.
Hattie, J. (2009). The black box of tertiary assessment: An impending revolution. In L. Meyer, S. Davidson, H. Anderson, R. Fletcher, P. Johnston, & M. Rees (Eds.), Tertiary assessment and higher education student outcomes: Policy, practice and research (1st ed.). Ako Aotearoa.
Hidayati, N. A., Waluyo, H. J., Winarni, R., & Suyitno, S. (2020). Exploring the implementation of local wisdom-based character education among Indonesian higher education students. International Journal of Instruction, 13(2), 179–198. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2020.13213a
Irvaniyah, B. N., Parno, P., & Nawi, N. D. (2025). Mapping the STEM-Creativity Nexus: A Bibliometric and SLR Analysis of Learning Models, Barriers, and Future Directions in Science Education. Indone-sian Journal on Learning and Advanced Education (IJOLAE), 375-392.
Jati, W. R. (2014). Toleransi beragama dalam pendidikan multikulturalisme siswa SMA Katolik Sang Timur Yogyakarta. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v1i1.1863
Junarso, J. (2026). Integration of local wisdom in curriculum and learning environment development in Kelumpang Tourism Village. Journal of Education and Applied Teaching (JEAT), 2(2), 268–279.
Kusumardi, A., Hanum, F., Septiarti, S. W., & Hanafi, D. (2026). Rebooting education: Leadership and professionalism of vocational school teachers in the era of socio-cultural transformation. Jurnal Kependidikan: Penelitian Inovasi Pembelajaran, 10(1), 23–37.
Laili, N., & Aziz, A. (2026). Integration of local wisdom culture into the Islamic education curriculum based on Islam Nusantara: Pesantren management for strengthening santri character. Nusantara Journal of Islamic Education, 1(1), 1–12.
Layli, F., Shidiq, G. A., & Qomariah, N. (2023). Local wisdom-based character education for facing globalization strategic issues in the digital era in primary school student. IJCAR: Indonesian Journal of Classroom Action Research, 1(1), 12–17. https://doi.org/10.53866/ijcar.v1i1.357
Lickona, T. (2012). Character education: Restoring virtue to the mission of schools. In Developing cultures (pp. 57–76). Routledge.
Lubis, S. P. W., Suryadarma, I. G. P., Paidi, & Yanto, B. E. (2022). The effectiveness of problem-based learning with local wisdom oriented to socio-scientific issues. International Journal of Instruction, 15(2), 455–472. https://e-iji.net/ats/index.php/pub/article/view/393
Ma’ruf, A., Noris, M., & Astuti, D. S. (2026). Ethnopedagogy and global education: A strategy for integrating local wisdom into the 21st-century curriculum. Journal of Pedagogical Innovation and Digital Education (JPIDE), 1(1), 18–29.
Mårtensson, S., Lidström, H., & Ekbladh, E. (2024). Students with difficulties managing vocational education in high school: Identifying intervention areas related to self-reported student-environment fit and mental health. Journal of Occupational Therapy, Schools, & Early Intervention, 17(3), 829–841. https://doi.org/10.1080/19411243.2023.2215763
Milleer, S. A. (2026). Integrating local wisdom and global knowledge to develop culturally responsive education models. Nusantara Education, 5(1), 45–61.
Munir, A. (2025). The integration of technology and local wisdom in the economic development of Indonesian society in the era of 5.0. Al-Iqtisodiyah: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi dan Ekonomi Islam, 1(4), 128–145.
Mursidah Waty, Soesanto, S., Haryanto, E., & Sugiarto, E. (2025). Optimizing Karawo art-based digital learning media to strengthen local cultural identity. JTP - Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan, 27(2), 694–706. https://doi.org/10.21009/jtp.v27i2.58263
Nurhalia, N., Restu, M., Duli, A., & Rahmadani, R. (2026, February). A novel identification model for integrating local wisdom, natural resources, and artificial intelligence in vocational education: Insights from West Sulawesi. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 3393, No. 1, p. 060067). AIP Publishing LLC.
Nurhamid, B., Srinio, F., Ardianto, A., Permadi, B. A., & Ismawati, I. (2026). Local wisdom-based character education in madrasahs: Toward contextual and transformative Islamic pedagogy. El-Uswah: Journal of Islamic Primary Education, 1(1).
Nurbayani, N. S., Hardhienata, S., & Wulandari, D. (2025). Modeling teacher performance optimization: Integrating technology, knowledge management, and local wisdom in vocational education. SUJANA: Education and Learning Review, 43–58.
Nurrahman, A., & Muhson, A. (2025). Enhancing character education and students’ positive attitudes through local wisdom in the era of Society 5.0: A case study in vocational schools. Indonesian Values and Character Education Journal, 8(2), 305–314.
Pradita, L., Sumarlam, S., Saddhono, K., & Rohmadi, M. (2020). Integration of the value of local wisdom messages in Indonesian language learning: Efforts to develop the positive character of millennial generation. Proceedings of the First International Conference of Science, Engineering and Technology, ICSET 2019, November 23 2019, Jakarta, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.23-11-2019.2301575
Prasadityo, B. R., Lidyasari, A. T., & Ramadhansyah, A. A. (2024). Penanaman karakter kearifan lokal melalui implementasi Pendidikan Khas Kejogjaan (PKJ) di SD Negeri Jetisharjo. Social, Humanities, and Educational Studies (SHES): Conference Series, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.20961/shes.v7i3.91566
Purbonuswanto, W., Sutama, S., Supriadi, D., Adnan, M. B., & Waluyo, M. (2024). Transforming educational leadership: Di-gital applications of ki hajar dewantara’s leadership principles. Indonesian Journal on Learning and Advanced Education (IJOLAE), 422-437.
Ramadhan, I., Barella, Y., Yuniarti, Y., Yani T, A., & Sulistyarini, S. (2025). Strategies for implementing multicultural education and local wisdom in Indonesia’s border areas under globalization: A socio-cultural learning perspective (systematic literature review). QALAMUNA: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial, dan Agama, 17(2), 1207–1226. https://doi.org/10.37680/qalamuna.v17i2.7939
Rahman, I., & Hakim, L. M. (2024). Development of creative economy based on local wisdom in the era of digital transformation through inclusive education and village community empowerment in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta. BASKARA: Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, 6(2), 213–224.
Ranu, M. E., Hadi, S., Kurniawan, R. Y., & Prakoso, A. F. (2025). Improving the competitiveness of vocational school graduates in Indonesia as human capital through local wisdom-based learning. Jurnal Eduscience, 12(5), 1423–1437.
Ratana-Ubol, A., & Henschke, J. A. (2015). Cultural learning processes through local wisdom: A case study on adult and lifelong learning in Thailand. International Journal of Adult Vocational Education and Technology (IJAVET), 6(2), 41–60.
Rifqiansyah. (2025). Entrepreneurship based on culture and local wisdom: Building sustainable business from tradition. Journal of Indonesian Scholars for Social Research, 5(1), 14–23.
Ruswinarsih, S., Budimansyah, D., Wahyu, W., Sauri, S., & Arofah, L. (2025). Local culture and character education research trends: A decade-long bibliometric study. IJORER: International Journal of Recent Educational Research, 6(5), 1340–1358. https://doi.org/10.46245/ijorer.v6i5.912
Sadri, N. W., & Temaja, I. G. B. W. B. (2025). Local wisdom-based education in Indonesian school. The Eastasouth Journal of Learning and Educations, 3(03), 226–236.
Sakti, S. A., Endraswara, S., & Rohman, A. (2024). Revitalizing local wisdom within character education through ethnopedagogy approach: A case study on a preschool in Yogyakarta. Heliyon, 10(10), e31370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31370
Saputro, I. N., Soenarto, S., Sofyan, H., Riyanita, M. C., Rebia, P. S., & Listiana, A. (2021). The effectiveness of teaching factory implementation in vocational education: Case studies in Indonesia. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 9(11), 1841–1856. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2021.091104
Schein, E. H. (2010). Organizational culture and leadership (Vol. 2). John Wiley & Sons.
Singh, B. (2019). Character education in the 21st century. Journal of Social Studies (JSS), 15(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.21831/jss.v15i1.25226
Sleeter, C. E. (2018). Multicultural education past, present, and future: Struggles for dialog and power-sharing. International Journal of Multicultural Education, 20(1), 5–20. https://doi.org/10.18251/ijme.v20i1.1663
Subekti, P. A. (2024). Pembelajaran diferensiasi unggah-ungguh sapa aruh melalui media sinar: Implementasi Pendidikan Khas Kejogjaan (PKJ). Journal of Language Education Studies and Applied Linguistics, 1(1), 34. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jolesal.2024.1.1.13605
Sugiharti, T., Purba, J. T., & Pramono, I. R. (2026). Leading schools through local wisdom: Culture-based leadership in Indonesian Sekolah Penggerak. Detak Pustaka.
Sugiyarti, M., Mukminan, M., & Sujarwo, S. (2025). Designing a culture-based learning model: A qualitative exploration for strengthening local identity in primary education. Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Pendidikan, 17(2), 163–176. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpip.v17i2.91847
Sumartias, S., Unde, A. A., Wibisana, I. P., & Nugraha, A. R. (2020). The importance of local wisdom in building national character in the industrial age 4.0. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Learning Innovation and Quality Education (ICLIQE 2019). https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200129.159
Susanti, D., & Dila, N. R. (2025). Local wisdom-based educational administration as a strategy to strengthen students’ cultural identity. In PISCES: Proceeding of Integrative Science Education Seminar (Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 293–302).
Uge, S., Neolaka, A., & Yasin, M. (2019). Development of social studies learning model based on local wisdom in improving students’ knowledge and social attitude. International Journal of Instruction, 12(3), 375–388. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2019.12323a
Wahidin, W., & Sumantri, A. (2023). Map of middle school teachers’ ability to respond to changes in community culture, local wisdom and literacy in science learning in the digital era. Journal of Education, Teaching and Learning, 8(2), 261–273.
Wahyono, S. B., Budiningsih, A., Suyantiningsih, S., & Rahmadonna, S. (2022). Multicultural education and religious tolerance: Elementary school teachers’ understanding of multicultural education in Yogyakarta. Al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies, 60(2), 467–508. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2022.602.467-508
Widyastuti, S. H., & Hartanto, D. D. (2023). Pendidikan karakter dalam perspektif keyogyakartaan. Jurnal IKADBUDI, 12(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.21831/ikadbudi.v12i1.64369
Widyastuti, S. H., Margana, Siswantoyo, Prasetyo, Y., Hartanto, D. D., & Dwiadmojo, G. N. (2018). Model pendidikan pendidikan keyogyakartaan. Laporan Penelitian UNY.
Yani, M. T., Tamsil, Setyowati, R. R. N., Jatmiko, B., & Ridlwan, A. A. (2025). Transformation of local wisdom values to build elementary and secondary school students’ characters: A case study in Serang Regency, Banten Province, Indonesia. Cogent Education, 12(1), 2532225.
Yanti, F. A., Wardana, R. W., Buyung, B., Heryensi, E., & Khamis, N. (2025). Au-tomatic Assessment-Based Artificial In-tellegent to Measure Students Environ-mental Literacy. Indonesian Journal on Learning and Advanced Education (IJOLAE), 461-480.
Yumna, Y., Jaili, H., Tupas, P. B., Azima, N. F., Minsih, M., Dahliana, D., & Fransis-ka, N. (2024). Transformative learning media for Generation Z: Integrating moral values through interactive e-books in Is-lamic education. Indonesian Journal on Learning and Advanced Education (IJO-LAE), 403-422.
Authors
Copyright (c) 2026 Rahayu Fuji Astuti, Putu Sudira, Yoga Sahria, Mohamad Hidir Mhd Salim, Sisca Wijaya
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.