Determinants of Key Audit Matters Disclosure: Evidence from Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23917/reaksi.v10i3.12751Keywords:
key audit matters, auditor, audit fee, technology, governance.Abstract
This study aims to examine the determinants of key audit matters (KAM) disclosure in Indonesia. The sample consists of 951 companies listed on the IDX during 2022-2024. Data from 1,770 audit reports were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The results show that audit fees and corporate governance have a positive relationship with key audit matters disclosure. However, this study fails to prove the positive relation between Big 4 auditors and key audit matters disclosure, as well as between female auditors and key audit matters disclosure. Meanwhile, the audit technology is proven to have a negative relationship with key audit matters disclosure. These results imply the importance of determining appropriate audit fees and the significance of having effective corporate governance in place.References
Abdallah, A. A. J., Musallam, J. Y. A., & Bader, A. (2020). The role of the audit committee in improving voluntary disclosure “field study on jordanian insurance companies". Review of Applied Socio-Economic Research, 19(1), 5–16. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record. uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099240541&partnerID=40&md5=867e67751104a2edc9773a35cfd32f4d
Abdelfattah, T., Elmahgoub, M., & Elamer, A. A. (2021). Female Audit Partners and Extended Audit Reporting: UK Evidence. Journal of Business Ethics, 174(1), 177–197. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10551-020-04607-0
ACCA. (2018). Enhanced auditors’ report: a review of rst-year implementation experience in Malaysia.
Aljerd, R. B., & Abazeed, D. G. (2025). The impact of key audit matters on audit fees: evidence from Syria. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRA-10-2024-0754
Alma’aitah, R. T., Al-Hajaya, K., Sawan, N., & Alzeban, A. (2024). The impact of remote auditing on audit quality: the moderating role of technology readiness. Managerial Auditing Journal, 39(6), 624–647. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-02-2024-4210
Alotaibi, E. M., & Alnesafi, A. (2023). Assessing the impact of audit software on audit quality: Auditors’ perceptions. International Journal of Applied Economics, Finance and Accounting, 17(1), 97–108. https://doi.org/10.33094/ijaefa.v17i1.1068
Askiah, U. (2025). The future of auditing: Applying digital technology to enhance auditor independence. Akbis: Media Riset Akuntansi Dan Bisnis. https://doi.org/10.35308/akbis. v0i0.10455
Baatwah, S. R., Almoataz, E. S., Omer, W. K., & Aljaaidi, K. S. (2024). Does KAM disclosure make a difference in emerging markets? An investigation into audit fees and report lag. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 19(3), 798–821. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-10-2021-1606
Bepari, M. K., & Mollik, A. T. (2023). Audit partners’ gender and time variances of key audit matters. Managerial Auditing Journal, 38(7), 1187–1214. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-11-2022-3752
Bepari, M. K., Nahar, S., Azim, M. I., & Mollik, A. T. (2024). It is a balancing act: understanding the key audit matters disclosure in the context of a developing country. Journal of Accounting and Organizational Change, 20(3), 459–485. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAOC-09-2022-0131
Boonlert-U-Thai, K., & Suttipun, M. (2023). Influence of external and internal auditors on key audit matters (KAMs) reporting in Thailand. Cogent Business and Management, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2256084
Cameran, M., & Campa, D. (2025). Key audit matters as insights into auditors’ professional judgement: Evidence from the European Union. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107311
Chtaoui, A., Hajji, Z., Benhrimida, M., Farrat, O., & Nabaoui, A. (2024). The influence of governance mechanisms on the quality of external audits, case of Moroccan companies listed on the stock exchange. Revista de Gestao Social e Ambiental, 18(6). https://doi.org /10.24857/rgsa.v18n6-115
Dhull, S., Gonthier-Besacier, N., & Jérôme, T. (2025). Key audit matters disclosures from a legitimacy perspective: A European analysis. British Accounting Review. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.bar.2025.101700
Dinata, I., & Cheisviyanny, C. (2024). Pengaruh Overlapped Audit Committee terhadap Pengungkapan Key Audit Matters di Indonesia. Jurnal Eksplorasi Akuntansi, 6(4), 1433–1448. https://doi.org/10.24036/jea.v6i4.1154
Dusadeedumkoeng, O., Gandía, J. L., & Huguet, D. (2023). Determinants of key audit matters in Thailand. Journal of Competitiveness, 15(3), 184–206. https://doi.org/10.7441/joc.2023. 03.10
Eulerich, M., Masli, A., Pickerd, J., & Wood, D. A. (2023). The Impact of Audit Technology on Audit Task Outcomes: Evidence for Technology-Based Audit Techniques*. Contemporary Accounting Research, 40(2), 981–1012. https://doi.org/10.1111/1911-3846.12847
Fattahaulia Qadrina, M., & Raharja, S. (2024). Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Pengungkapan Key Audit Matters di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Akuntansi, 19(1), 67–83. https://doi.org/10.21009/wahana.19.015
Ferreira, C., & Morais, A. I. (2020). Analysis of the relationship between company characteristics and key audit matters disclosed. Revista Contabilidade e Financas, 31(83), 262–274. https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x201909040
Fotoh, L. E., & Lorentzon, J. I. (2023). Audit Digitalization and Its Consequences on the Audit Expectation Gap: A Critical Perspective. Accounting Horizons, 37(1), 43–69. https://doi.org/10.2308/HORIZONS-2021-027
Gambetta, N., Sierra-García, L., García-Benau, M. A., & Novejarque-Civera, J. (2023). The Informative Value of Key Audit Matters in the Audit Report: Understanding the Impact of the Audit Firm and KAM Type. Australian Accounting Review, 33(2), 114–134. https://doi.org/10.1111/auar.12396
Garcia-Blandon, J., Argilés-Bosch, J. M., & Ravenda, D. (2019). Is there a gender effect on the quality of audit services? Journal of Business Research, 96, 238–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.11.024
Gunno, P., & Penawuthikul, P. (2018). Factor affecting disclosure quality on key audit matters in auditor’s report in Thailand. Journal of MCU Nakhondhat, 5(3), 926–942.
He, L. J., & Rivai, F. A. (2024). The effect of gender diversity on the disclosure of key audit matters: examination of dual-signature environment. Managerial Auditing Journal, 39(4), 396–418. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-09-2022-3695
He, L.-J., & Yu, H.-H. (2022). The Impacts of the Establishment and Quality of Audit Committee on the Disclosure of Key Audit Matters. Journal of Management and Business Research, 39(3), 301–356. https://doi.org/10.6504/JMBR.202209_39(3).0005
Hezam, Y. A. A., Anthonysamy, L., & Suppiah, S. D. K. (2023). Big Data Analytics and Auditing: A Review and Synthesis of Literature. Emerging Science Journal, 7(2), 629–642. https://doi.org/10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-02-023
In, C.-Y., Kim, T., & Park, S. (2020). Key audit matters for production-to-order industry and conservatism. International Journal of Financial Studies, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijfs8010005
Jérôme, T., Poretti, C., & Schatt, A. (2025). Female lead auditors, audit fees, and audit quality. British Accounting Review, 57(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2024.101497
Kang, Y. J. (2019). Are audit committees more challenging given a spesific investor base? Does the answere change in the presence of prospective critical audit matter disclosure? Accounting, Organization and Society, 77, 101051.
Kitiwong, W., Ekasingh, E., & Sarapaivanich, N. (2024). The new audit report with key audit matters: Lessons from Thailand’s first implementation. Accounting and Finance, 64(2), 1769–1803. https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.13199
Kokina, J., Blanchette, S., Davenport, T. H., & Pachamanova, D. (2025). Challenges and opportunities for artificial intelligence in auditing: Evidence from the field. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accinf.2025.100734
Li, X., Gou, H., & Wang, M. (2023). Annual report inquiry letters, disclosure of key audit matters and audit fees: Evidence from Chinese A-share listed companies. Oeconomia Copernicana, 14(4), 1303–1339. https://doi.org/10.24136/oc.2023.038
Maroun, W., De Ricquebourg, A. D., & Ecim, D. (2025). ‘Standard KAMs’, ‘Canary KAMs’, and ‘Naughty KAMs’: A Typology of Key Audit Matters to Explain Their Value Relevance. Abacus. https://doi.org/10.1111/abac.70000
Murphy, P., McLaughlin, C., & Elamer, A. A. (2025). Audit partner gender and the COVID-19 pandemic: the impact on audit fees and key audit matters. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 23(3), 1302–1321. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRA-11-2022-0431
Muttanachai, S. (2020). Factors influencing key audit matters reporting in Thailand. Asian Journal of Accounting Perspectives, 1, 26.
Norazura, M., & Amanuddin, S. (2018). The implementation of ISA 701-key audit matters: a review. Global Business and Management Research, 10(3), 1107–1115.
Ong, S. Y., Moroney, R., & Xiao, X. (2022). How do key audit matter characteristics combine to impact financial statement understandability? Accounting and Finance, 62(1), 805–835. https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.12811
Pinto, I., & Morais, A. I. (2019). What matters in disclosures of key audit matters: Evidence from Europe. Journal of International Financial Management & Accounting, 30(2), 145–162. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/jifm.12095
Puwanenthiren, P., & Sivarajah, R. (2022). Does Corporate Governance Matter for Audit Quality? Evidence from Sri Lanka. Management and Accounting Review, 21(2), 191–210. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85145854173&partnerID=40&md5=4a5228950261f0dc2474835c74caad6d
Rahaman, M. M., Hossain, M. M., & Bhuiyan, M. B. U. (2023). Disclosure of key audit matters (KAMs) in financial reporting: evidence from an emerging economy. Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies, 13(3), 666–702. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAEE-11-2021-0355
Sarhan, A. A., Ntim, C. G., & Al-Najjar, B. (2019). Antecedents of audit quality in MENA countries: The effect of firm- and country-level governance quality. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 35, 85–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2019. 05.003
Segal, M. (2019). Key audit matters: insight from audit experts. Meditari Accountancy Research, 27(3), 472–494.
Shan, Y., & Wang, X. (2024). The effect of high-quality information technology on audit quality. EDPACS, 69(12), 52–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/07366981.2024.2414588
Srisuwan, P., Swatdikun, T., Pathak, S., Surbakti, L. P., & Saramolee, A. (2024). Factors Influencing Key Audit Matter Reporting in the Stock Exchange of Thailand: Empirical Evidence from 2016–2020 Data. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 17(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17110512
Sumartono, & Ardianto. (2025). The institutional ownership, auditor characteristics and KAM disclosure: Evidence from emerging markets. International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies, 8(2), 3269–3278. https://doi.org/10.53894/ijirss.v8i2.5996
Sun, Y., Gao, Y., & Jin, J. (2024). Auditors’ interpretation of risk and the quality of analysts’ earnings forecasts: Evidence from textual analysis of key audit matters. International Journal of Auditing, 28(1), 125–141. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijau.12323
Tangruenrat, C. (2017). New auditor’s report: the 1st-year experiences. Journal of Accounting Profession, 13(2), 5–21.
Van, H. N., Thanh, H. P., Thanh, C. N., Ngoc, D. N., & Hai, G. H. (2022). Study on factors affecting audit fees and audit quality through auditors’ perceptions: Evidence from an emerging economy. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 20(2), 471–485. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.20(2).2022.39
Velte, P. (2018). Does gender diversity in the audit committee influence key audit matters’ readability in the audit report? UK evidence. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 25(5), 748–755. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1491
Velte, P. (2020). Association between the financial and industri expertise of audit committee members and key audit matters within related audit reports. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 21(1), 185–200.
Velte, P., & Issa, J. (2019). The impact of key audit matter (KAM) disclosure in audit reports on stakeholders’ reactions: a literature review. Problems and Perspective in Management, 17(3), 323–341.
Venturini, L. D. B., Marques, V. A., & Gama, S. D. (2024). Relationship of key audit matters and audit delay with financial restatement; [Relação dos principais assuntos de auditoria e o audit delay com a reapresentação das demonstrações financeiras]. Revista de Contabilidade e Organizacoes, 18. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1982-6486.rco.2024.227391
Vo, T. H., & Ngoc, H. T. (2024). Improving financial reporting standards in Vietnam’s public companies: The crucial role of audit committees. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 21(4), 361–370. https://doi.org/10.21511/imfi.21(4).2024.29
Wuttichindanon, S., & Issarawornrawanich, P. (2020). Determining factors of key audit matter disclosure in Thailand. Pacific Accounting Review, 32(4), 563–584. https://doi.org/ 10.1108/PAR-01-2020-0004
XRB. (2020). Enhanced auditor reporting: a review of the third year of the revised auditor’s report.
Zhang, P. F., & Shailer, G. (2021). Changes in audit effort and changes in auditors’ disclosures of risks of material misstatement. British Accounting Review, 53(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.bar.2020.100970
Downloads
Submitted
Accepted
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan Indonesia

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.


















