Whose Recovery? Automated Narratives and Digital Counter-Publics in the Wake of Sumatra’s Catastrophes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23917/komuniti.v18i2.20024Keywords:
Actor-Network Theory, Algorithmic governmentality, digital counter-publics, Automated narratives, narrative asymmetry, post-disaster communicationAbstract
Penelitian ini mengkaji mekanisme governabilitas algoritmik dalam konteks pemulihan pascabencana di Indonesia dengan menelaah bagaimana infrastruktur komunikasi berbasis kecerdasan buatan (AI) berfungsi sebagai rezim kebenaran yang membentuk kerentanan mana yang menjadi terlihat dan mana yang secara algoritmik terpinggirkan setelah bencana di Sumatra pada 2022–2024. Dengan mengintegrasikan konsep governmentality Michel Foucault dan Actor-Network Theory (ANT), penelitian ini memandang AI bukan sebagai perangkat teknologi yang netral, melainkan sebagai aktor non-manusia yang turut membentuk visibilitas dan sirkulasi risiko bencana. Penelitian menggunakan etnografi digital untuk memetakan interaksi antara lembaga pemerintah, organisasi non-pemerintah, dan counter publik digital pada Twitter/X, Instagram, Facebook, YouTube, serta portal resmi pengelolaan bencana. Analisis dilakukan terhadap 847 unggahan media sosial yang dilengkapi dengan komunikasi resmi terkait bencana. Temuan menunjukkan adanya asimetri naratif yang kuat: komunikasi resmi dan komunikasi yang dimediasi AI cenderung menghasilkan narasi tentang kendali, kemajuan, dan ketepatan birokratis, sementara counter publik digital menampilkan fragmentasi, keterlambatan, dan pengalaman penderitaan yang belum terselesaikan. Secara empiris, konten bencana yang dihasilkan AI muncul 2–5 jam lebih awal dibandingkan pelaporan institusional dan menghasilkan keterlibatan awal 3,2 kali lebih tinggi, sementara 68% di antaranya menggunakan pembingkaian emosional berintensitas tinggi, sekitar dua kali lipat dibandingkan proporsi dalam jurnalisme tradisional. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa governabilitas algoritmik menghasilkan kesenjangan empati digital dengan mengutamakan data yang terinstitusionalisasi dibandingkan pengetahuan berbasis pengalaman, sehingga menciptakan kesenjangan struktural antara pemulihan sebagaimana direpresentasikan oleh sistem algoritmik dan pemulihan sebagaimana dialami oleh masyarakat terdampak. Temuan ini menunjukkan pentingnya mempertanyakan legitimasi, inklusivitas, dan akuntabilitas tata kelola bencana otomatis dalam konteks Global South.
The study interrogates the mechanics of algorithmic governability within Indonesia's post-disaster recovery landscape. It deconstructs how AI-driven communication infrastructures function as regimes of truth, dictating which vulnerabilities are rendered visible and which are algorithmically silenced in the aftermath of Sumatra's catastrophes (2023–2024). Synthesizing Michel Foucault's concept of governmentality with Actor-Network Theory (ANT), this research conceptualizes AI not as a neutral tool but as an active non-human actant that structures the visibility of risk. Employing digital ethnography as its primary methodology, the study maps the contentious interactions between government agencies, NGOs, and digital counter-publics across social media platforms (Twitter/X, Instagram, Facebook, YouTube) and official disaster management portals. Based on a corpus of 847 social media posts and complementary official communications, findings reveal a pronounced narrative asymmetry: while official AI-driven systems produce a rhetoric of control, progress, and bureaucratic precision, digital counter-publics expose fragmentation, delays, and unresolved suffering. Empirically, AI-generated disaster content was found to emerge 2–5 hours before institutional reporting, generating 3.2x higher early engagement, while 68% employed high-intensity emotional framing—double that of traditional journalism. The study argues that algorithmic governance reinforces a digital divide of empathy, privileging institutional data over experiential knowledge and producing a structural gap between the recovery rendered by algorithms and the recovery lived on the ground. These findings carry significant implications for the legitimacy of automated disaster governance in Global South contexts.
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