Framing Pemberitaan Etika dan Regulasi Penggunaan Foto Artificial Intelligence (AI) pada Kampanye
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23917/komuniti.v17i2.11236Keywords:
framing, etika, kecerdasan buatan (AI), kampanyeAbstract
Perkembangan teknologi Artificial Intelligence (AI) generative telah memicu praktik manipulasi visual dalam kampanye politik digital. Persoalan etika dan regulasi muncul seiring dengan putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) terkait pelarangan penggunaan citra manipulatif berbasis AI dalam Pemilu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pembingkaian berita terkait isu tersebut pada empat media online, yaitu Kompas.com, Tirto.id, Fajar.co.id, dan CNBC Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis framing kualitatif yang dipandu dengan Teori Framing Robert Entman. Hasilnya menunjukkan perbedaan empat media membingkai putusan MK. Kompas.com memilih isu tentang manipulasi foto dan gambar AI telah mengaburkan citra asli peserta Pemilu dan memengaruhi persepsi pemilih. Tirto.id berusaha menonjolkan aspek etika dan manipulasi visual yang diciptakan oleh AI yang disebutnya sebagai teknologi menyesatkan. Fajar.co.id mengungkit legalitas kampanye pasangan calon presiden dan wakil presiden Prabowo Subianto dan Gibran Rakabuming Raka yang sebelumnya menggunakan foto AI. Sementara CNBCIndonesia.com mengungkapkan perdebatan di tengah masyarakat. Secara umum empat media tersebut membingkai putusan MK sebagai langkah afirmatif terhadap integritas Pemilu, serta adanya ketidakjelasan hukum tentang "citra diri". Framing yang ditampilkan mengandung elemen kritik terhadap ketertinggalan etika dan regulasi di tengah pesatnya inovasi AI. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya pembaruan kebijakan kampanye digital dan penegasan etika visual politik dalam era komunikasi berbasis AI.
The development of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has triggered the practice of visual manipulation in digital political campaigns. Ethical and regulatory issues arose following the Constitutional Court's (MK) ruling prohibiting the use of AI-based manipulative images in elections. This study aims to analyze the news framing of this issue in four online media outlets: Kompas.com, Tirto.id, Fajar.co.id, and CNBC Indonesia. The method used was qualitative framing analysis guided by Robert Entman's Framing Theory. The results show differences in the four media outlets' framing of the MK ruling. Kompas.com chose the issue of AI-manipulated photos and images obscuring the true image of election participants and influencing voter perceptions. Tirto.id attempted to highlight the ethical aspects and visual manipulation created by AI, which it called misleading technology. Fajar.co.id raised the legality of the campaign of presidential and vice-presidential candidates Prabowo Subianto and Gibran Rakabuming Raka, who previously used AI-generated photos. Meanwhile, CNBCIndonesia.com revealed the debate within the community. In general, the four media outlets framed the Constitutional Court's ruling as an affirmative step toward election integrity, as well as the legal ambiguity surrounding "self-image." The framing presented contains elements of criticism of the lag in ethics and regulations amidst rapid AI innovation. This research emphasizes the importance of updating digital campaign policies and affirming political visual ethics in the era of AI-based communication.
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