Analisis Linguistik Diakronis Bahasa Ogan dan Bahasa Mentawai pada Tataran Fonologi dan Leksikal
Indonesia
Keywords:
diachronic linguistics, sound correspondence, lexicostatisticsAbstract
This research examines the diachronic linguistic relationship between Ogan and Mentawai, two
Austronesian languages in Sumatera, at the phonological and lexical levels. Using comparative-
historical methods with Swadesh basic vocabulary words, this study aims to reveal sound correspondence patterns and genetic relationships between the two Austronesian languages. Data were collected through reading and note-taking techniques, then analyzed using lexicostatistical methods
and phonemic correspondence analysis. The results show 20 cognate words with a kinship percentage of 18.18%, placing them in the Families of Stock category according to Crowley’s classification. Phonological analysis reveals systematic sound correspondences at word-final positions: /i/ in Ogan
corresponds to /ei/ in Mentawai (ati ~ atei ‘hati’, mati ~ matei ‘mati’), and /ə/ in Ogan corresponds to /a/ in Mentawai (duə ~ dua ‘dua’, matə ~ mata ‘mata’). Despite originating from the same proto-language, geographical separation and regional isolation have caused significant lexical divergence. This research contributes to the documentation and preservation of regional languages in the Indonesian archipelago and enriches understanding of Austronesian language development in
Indonesia.
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