Overview Of Hearing in Children Aged <36 Months Using Otoacoustic Emission at the Pampang Health Center, Makassar City

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Gangguan pendengaran terjadi pada kelompok bayi baru lahir hingga usia balita. Jika fungsi pendengaran terganggu, gangguan tersebut berdampak negatif pada perkembangan sosial dan intelektual anak serta kesehatan emosional dan mental. Pada tahun 2020, WHO memperkirakan bahwa 34 juta anak di seluruh dunia mengalami gangguan pendengaran. Deteksi dini gangguan pendengaran belum dilakukan dengan baik di negara berkembang, banyak masalah pendengaran yang tidak terdeteksi, tidak adanya program skrining pendengaran neonatal nasional di Indonesia merupakan salah satu penyebabnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran gangguan pendengaran pada anak usia <36 bulan menggunakan Emisi Otoakustik di Puskesmas Pampang, Kota Makassar berdasarkan jenis kelamin, usia saat pemeriksaan, berat lahir, dan faktor risiko. Metode: Penelitian observasional potong lintang, data yang diambil berupa gambaran umum hasil OAE dan data hasil anamnesis yang diambil dari kuesioner tes modifikasi pendengaran pada pasien selama penelitian. Hasil: Diperoleh sampel sebanyak 30 orang. Terdapat 16 (53,3%) pendengaran normal, 10 (33,3%) tuli unilateral, dan 4 (13,3%) tuli bilateral. Gangguan pendengaran lebih sering terjadi pada anak laki-laki 7 (23,3%) dari 13 (43,3%), usia 6-12 bulan 5 (16,7%) orang, berat badan lahir rendah 1 (3,3%) orang, dan faktor risiko gangguan pendengaran yaitu prematur 2 (6,7%) orang, berat badan lahir rendah 1 (3,3%) orang, lahir melalui operasi caesar dan ISPA 9 (30%). Kesimpulan: Faktor risiko termasuk jenis kelamin, usia, berat badan lahir, prematur, operasi caesar, dan infeksi saluran pernapasan atas mempengaruhi gambaran gangguan pendengaran anak menggunakan Emisi Otoakustik.

Introduction: Hearing loss occurs  in the newborn group up to the age of toddlers. If impaired hearing function, hearing function negatively impacts a child's social and intellectual development as well as emotional and mental health. In 2020, the WHO estimated that 34 million children worldwide had experienced hearing loss. Early detection of hearing loss has not been carried out well in developing countries, many hearing problems are not detected, there is no national neonatal hearing screening program in Indonesia is one of the causes. Thi study aim to determine the picture of hearing loss in children <36 months of age using Otoacoustic Emission at the Pampang Health Center, Makassar City based on gender, age at the time of examination, birth weight, and risk factors. Method: Cross-sectional Observational Study research, the data taken was in the form of an overview of OAE results and anamnesis results data which were taken from the hearing modification test questionnaire in patients during the study. Results: A sample of 30 people was obtained. There were 16 (53.3%) normal hearing, 10 (33.3%) unilateral deafness, and 4 (13.3%) bilateral deafness. Hearing loss was more common in boys 7 (23.3%) out of 13 (43.3%), aged 6-12 months 5 (16.7%) people, low birth weight 1 (3.3%) people, and hearing risk factors namely preterm 2 (6.7%) people, LBW 1 (3.3%) people, born with cesario caesaria and ISPA 9 (30%). Conclusion: Risk factors including sex, age, birth weight, preterm, cesarean section, and upper respiratory tract infections influence the picture of children's hearing loss using Otoacoustic Emission.