Correlation of Self-Efficacy, Action Planning, and Coping Planning to ARV Adherence in HIV Patients in Ternate, Indonesia

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Pasien HIV positif memerlukan kepatuhan terhadap terapi Antiretroviral (ARV) untuk mengendalikan penyakit yang dideritanya. Namun, di Kota Ternate, kepatuhan terhadap ARV masih rendah karena kekhawatiran terhadap efek samping, stigma, depresi, dan keterbatasan akses pelayanan kesehatan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menganalisis hubungan antara self-efficacy, perencanaan tindakan (action planning), dan perencanaan coping (coping planning) dengan kepatuhan ARV pada pasien HIV positif di Kota Ternate, Maluku Utara. Metode: Penelitian observasional dengan desain potong lintang (cross-sectional) ini menggunakan teknik stratified random sampling pada pasien HIV positif di lima pusat layanan, dengan analisis data menggunakan uji Spearman. Hasil: Sebagian besar responden berusia 19–49 tahun (94,9%), berjenis kelamin laki-laki (69,1%), berpendidikan SMA (57,3%), bekerja sebagai wiraswasta (24,2%), dan memiliki pendapatan di bawah Rp1.000.000 per bulan (33,1%). Selain itu, self-efficacy (p=0.000; r=0.404), perencanaan tindakan (p=0.000; r=0.399), dan perencanaan coping (p=0.000; r=0.265) memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kepatuhan ARV. Kesimpulan: Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa self-efficacy, perencanaan tindakan, dan perencanaan coping berperan dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan ARV pada pasien HIV positif.

Introduction: HIV-positive patients require adherence to Antiretroviral therapy (ART) to control their disease. However, in Ternate City, ARV adherence remains low due to side effect fears, stigma, depression, and limited health service access. Therefore, this study analyzes the correlation between self-efficacy, action planning, and coping planning with ARV adherence in HIV-positive patients in Ternate City, North Maluku. Method: An observational, cross-sectional study used stratified random sampling of HIV-positive patients at five service centers, with data analyzed using the Spearman test. Results: Most respondents were aged 19-49 (94.9%), male (69.1%), held a high school education (57.3%), were self-employed (24.2%), and earned under 1 million rupiah per month (33.1%). Furthermore, self-efficacy (p=0.000; r=0.404), action planning (p=0.000; r=0.399), and coping planning (p=0.000; r=0.265) were significantly associated with ARV adherence. Conclusion: These findings suggest that self-efficacy, action planning, and coping planning benefit ARV adherence in HIV-positive patients.