Contact Investigation Strategies for Detecting Active Tuberculosis Cases at Rappang Primary Health Center Sidenreng Rappang Regency
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23917/jk.v18i3.11689Keywords:
Tuberculosis, Contact Investigation, Active Case Finding, Donabedian modelAbstract
Pendahuluan: Tuberkulosis (TB) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang kompleks di Indonesia. Strategi investigasi kontak digunakan untuk mendeteksi kasus TB aktif secara dini melalui pelacakan individu yang memiliki riwayat kontak erat dengan pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi efektivitas implementasi strategi tersebut di UPT Puskesmas Rappang, Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang. Metode: Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara semi-terstruktur, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Informan terdiri dari pengelola program TB, pendamping, kepala puskesmas, dan pasien TB. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada aspek struktur, pelaksanaan program masih terkendala oleh keterbatasan alat skrining, logistik lapangan, dan jumlah tenaga kesehatan. Beberapa kegiatan bahkan tertunda karena tidak tersedianya obat atau perlengkapan saat dibutuhkan. Pada aspek proses, investigasi kontak telah dilakukan secara konsisten, namun partisipasi masyarakat masih rendah. Penolakan dari pasien atau keluarga terhadap pemeriksaan kontak erat kerap terjadi, dipengaruhi oleh stigma, rasa takut, dan kurangnya pemahaman. Edukasi telah diberikan, namun perubahan sikap masyarakat belum signifikan. Pada aspek hasil, strategi ini tetap memberikan dampak positif dengan meningkatkan jumlah temuan kasus TB aktif. Sebagian besar pasien juga menunjukkan penerimaan yang baik dan merasa nyaman terhadap pelayanan yang diberikan. Kesimpulan: Dengan demikian, strategi investigasi kontak merupakan pendekatan yang efektif dalam mendeteksi kasus TB secara dini. Namun, keberlanjutan dan efektivitasnya perlu diperkuat melalui dukungan fasilitas, tenaga, dan pendekatan edukatif yang lebih intensif.
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a complex public health problem in Indonesia. The contact investigation strategy is implemented as an early detection effort to identify active TB cases by tracing individuals who have had close contact with TB patients. This study aims to describe the implementation of the contact investigation strategy in detecting active TB cases at the Rappang Primary Health Center, Sidenreng Rappang Regency. Method: This research employed a descriptive qualitative method with data collected through semi-structured interviews, observations, and documentation. The informants consisted of TB program managers, TB supporters, the head of the health center, and TB patients. Results: The results showed that in terms of structure, the implementation was constrained by limited screening tools, field logistics, and the number of health workers, causing several activities to be delayed due to the unavailability of medicines or equipment. In terms of process, contact investigation has been carried out consistently, but community participation remains low due to rejection from patients or their families influenced by stigma and a lack of understanding. Although education has been provided, changes in community attitudes have not been significant. In terms of outcomes, this strategy has had a positive impact by increasing active case findings and improving patient acceptance of the services provided. Conclusion: In conclusion, the implementation of contact investigation needs to be continuously strengthened through the provision of adequate facilities, increased human resources, and sustained community education to support TB elimination efforts at the primary care level.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Sofiyah Sofiyah, Devy Febrianti, Zulkarnain Sulaiman

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