The Relationship Between Upper Extremity Dynamic Balance and Hand Grip Strength in Male Softball Players in Jakarta
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23917/fisiomu.v7i3.19548Keywords:
Hand grip strength, male softball players, shoulder stability, upper extremity dynamic balance, UQYBTAbstract
Introduction: A This study aimed to analyze the relationship between upper extremity dynamic balance and hand grip strength in active male softball players in Jakarta. Methods: Adhering to STROBE guidelines, a cross-sectional study was conducted in July 2025 involving 32 active male softball players (aged 19–34 years) selected via purposive sampling based on Slovin's formula (10% error margin). Upper extremity dynamic balance was evaluated using the Upper Quarter Y Balance Test (UQYBT) to calculate composite scores for dominant and non-dominant sides. Grip strength was measured using a digital hand grip dynamometer. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v25, utilizing Shapiro-Wilk for normality, and Spearman and Pearson correlation tests for side-specific analyses. Results: The results demonstrated a significant, moderate positive relationship on the dominant (right) side (r_s = 0.477, p = 0.006; mean UQYBT: 80.59 ± 6.57%, mean grip strength: 37.07 ± 4.10 kg). Conversely, no significant relationship was observed on the non-dominant (left) side (r = 0.212, p = 0.244; mean UQYBT: 75.48 ± 6.55%, mean grip strength: 35.22 ± 4.29 kg). Conclusion: Upper extremity dynamic balance is positively associated with hand grip strength on the dominant throwing side in male softball players, while no correlation exists on the non-dominant side. Sports coaches and physiotherapists should incorporate bilateral dynamic stabilization exercises into training regimens to correct pathological muscle imbalances and reduce overuse injury risks.
Downloads
References
Balke, M., Lenschow, S., Liem, D., Maurer, F., Banerjee, M., & Bouillon, B. (2011). Correlation of hand grip strength with rotator cuff tear size and shoulder function. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 19(8), 1377–1382. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-010-1324-x
Bauer, J., Panzer, S., & Muehlbauer, T. (2021). Side differences of upper quarter Y balance test performance in sub-elite young male and female handball players with different ages. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 13(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-021-00364-3
Biaggi, G. (2021). Dynamic stability of the upper limb and distal grip performance. Journal of Hand Therapy, 34(2), 202–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jht.2020.03.012
Butler, R. J., Myers, H. S., Garofalo, M., Goldin, M., Ruopp, S., & Goforth, M. (2016). Reliability and normative values of the upper quarter Y-balance test in collegiate athletes. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 25(4), 341–347. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2015-0010
Clarsen, B., Bahr, R., Myklebust, G., Andersson, S. H., Docking, S. I., Drew, M., Finch, C. F., Fortington, L. V., Harøy, J., & Khan, K. M.. (2018). Improved questionnaire on sports injuries for athletes. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(15), 1012–1019. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-098237
Cools, A. M., Johansson, F. R., Borms, D., & Maenhout, A. (2015). Prevention of shoulder injuries in overhead athletes: An science-based approach. Physical Therapy in Sport, 16(2), 109–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2014.11.004
Cronin, J., Lawton, T., & Harris, N. (2017). Grip strength and its relationship to sport performance. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 39(3), 42–51. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000305
da Silva, A. C., De Noronha, M., Liberatori-Junior, R. M., Aily, J. B., Gonçalves, G. H., Arrais-Lima, C., de Araújo Vieira, L. M. S. M., & Mattiello, S. M. (2020). The effectiveness of ischemic compression technique on pain and function in individuals with shoulder pain: A systematic review. Journal of Manipulative & Physiological Therapeutics, 43(3), 234–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2019.10.013
Escamilla, R. F., Yamashiro, K., Paulos, L., & Andrews, J. R. (2009). Shoulder muscle activity and function in common shoulder rehabilitation exercises. Sports Medicine, 39(8), 663–685. https://doi.org/10.2165/11316080-000000000-00000
Fite, H. (2023). Biomechanical analysis of collegiate softball pitchers’ spin rate, shoulder range of motion, and grip strength [Thesis, Texas A&M University-Commerce].
Gokalp, O., & Kirmizigil, B. (2020). Effects of Thrower’s Ten exercises on upper extremity performance. Medicine, 99(42), e22837. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000022837
Guermont, H., & Gremeaux, V. (2023). Overhead throwing shoulder injuries: Dynamic balance as a predictor of injury. Sports Medicine - Open, 9, 45. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-023-00591-z
Iswandi, & Darisman, E. K. (2022). Belajar bermain softball: Panduan praktis khusus pemula. Harmono Press.
Kibler, W. B., & Wilkes, T. (2012). Clinical evaluation of scapular dyskinesis with shoulder injury. Clinics in Sports Medicine, 31(4), 603–616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2012.07.003
Koacoglu, M. (2024). Dynamic balance and rotator cuff strength in overhead athletes: A comparative study. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 45(2), 112–119. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2111-9876
Myers, J. B., Pasquale, M. R., Laudner, K. G., Sell, T. C., Bradley, J. P., & Lephart, S. M. (2005). On-the-field resistance-tubing training for overhead throwing athletes. Journal of Athletic Training, 40(1), 15–22.
Oktariyana, W. A. R. M. (2018). Model latihan teknik lempar tangkap cabang olahraga softball pada pemula. Jurnal Penjaskesrek, 5(1), 12–25. https://doi.org/10.11164/jjsps.4.1_156_2
Pontaga, I., Vilks, S., & Abolins, V. (2024). Assessment of static and dynamic balance performance in team sports athletes. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 24(1), 123–132. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2024.01016
Purwitasari, D. I., Wibowo, N. A., & Muninggar, J. (2020). Identifikasi dampak jenis olahraga terhadap kekuatan genggaman tangan (studi kasus pada mahasiswa jurusan pendidikan olahraga UKSW). Jurnal Sains dan Edukasi Sains, 3(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.24246/juses.v3i1p1-7
Ramadhan, M. A. A., Rihatno, T., & Subarkah, A. (2024). Hubungan daya ledak otot lengan dan keseimbangan terhadap kemampuan memukul bola softball Universitas Negeri Jakarta. Jurnal Ilmiah Sain dan Teknologi, 2, 321–330.
Saputra, A. S. (2020). Menjaga imunitas dan kesehatan tubuh melalui olahraga yang efektif. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pendidikan STKIP Kusuma Negara II, 33–42.
Schwiertz, A., Siewe, J., & Eysel, P. (2020). Bilateral hand grip strength and shoulder stability in elite swimmers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38(11), 1245–1252. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1743052
Sciascia, A., Thigpen, C., Namdari, S., & Baldwin, K. (2012). Kinetic chain abnormalities in the overhead athlete. Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review, 20(1), 16–21. https://doi.org/10.1097/JSA.0b013e3182471c66
Westrick, R. B., Miller, J. M., Carow, S. D., & Gerber, J. P. (2012). Exploration of the Y-balance test for the upper quarter in healthy, active adults. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 7(2), 139–147.
Wilk, K. E., Macrina, L. C., Fleisig, G. S., Porterfield, R., Simpson, C. D., Harker, P., Paparesta, N., & Andrews, J. R. (2016). Correlation of shoulder range of motion and strength with injury in professional baseball pitchers. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 44(12), 3217–3224. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546516666579
Downloads
Submitted
Accepted
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 FISIO MU: Physiotherapy Evidences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with FISIO MU: Phsiotherapy Evidences agree to the following terms:
- Author(s) retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License that allow others to share the work within an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication of this journal.
- Author(s) are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangement for the non-exclusive distribution of the the journal’s published version of the work (e.g. acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal).
- Author(s) are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g. in institutional repositories or on their websites) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published works.
