Assessment of genetic diversity in EMS-induced porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) revealed by RAPD markers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23917/bioeksperimen.v12i1.15768Keywords:
ethyl methanesulfonate, genetic mutation, RAPD, porangAbstract
Increasing genetic diversity of porang through mutation is urgently needed since porang has low genetic diveristy. Therefore, this study aims to increase the genetic diversity of porang using ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and analyze the genetic diversity of porang using RAPD markers. Porang explants were subjected to in vitro EMS induction at various concentrations (control, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.5%) and evaluated after 35 days. DNA amplification was carried out using 20 RAPD primers. Genetic diversity within and between porang populations was analyzed using POPGENE software, while cluster analysis was performed using PAST software to identify genetic diversity patterns. The results showed that EMS mutation induction effectively increased the genetic diversity of porang. Primers OPA-2 and OPA-9 were identified as the most effective primers for detecting genetic diversity resulting from mutation induction. The 0.2% EMS treatment is recommended because it produced the most notable genetic changes compared to the control and shows potential for generating superior mutants to support porang breeding programs.
Downloads
References
Allendorf, F. W., Hössjer, O., & Ryman, N. (2024). What does effective population size tell us about loss of allelic variation?. Evolutionary Applications, 17(6). https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13733.
Azhari, S. W., Marliyati, S. A., & Hardinsyah, H. (2025). Evaluation of physicochemical properties and functional potential of analog rice based on commercial flours of porang tuber and gembili as an alternative carbohydrate food source. AcTion: Aceh Nutrition Journal, 10(2), 432-441. https://doi.org/10.30867/action.v10i2.2476.
Crow, J. F. (2017). An introduction to population genetics theory. Scientific Publishers.
Dlamini, P. J. (2021). Drought stress tolerance mechanisms and breeding effort in sugarcane: A review of progress and constraints in South Africa. Plant Stress, 2, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stress.2021.100027.
Dwiati, M., Hasam, W. N., & Susanto, A. H. (2025). Oryzalin-induced polyploidy in Vanda limbata (Blume): Phenotypic assessment. Acta Biochimica Indonesiana, 8(1), 197-197. https://doi.org/10.32889/actabioina.197.
Dwinianti, E. F., Mastuti, R., & Arumingtyas, E. L. (2019). Genetic variation analysis of EMS-induced chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) mutants using SSR markers. Journal of Tropical Life Science, 9(3), 223-228. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/jtls.09.03.02.
Ekowati, G., Yanuwiadi, B., & Azrianingsih, R. (2015). Sumber glukomanan dari edible araceae di Jawa Timur. Jurnal Pembangunan dan Alam Lestari, 6(1). https://jpal.ub.ac.id/index.php/jpal/article/view/175
Ibrahim, M. T, Purwadi I, Wahyudi B. (2022) Peningkatan kadar glukomanan dari umbi iles-iles (Amorphophallus variabilis) pada proses ekstraksi dengan pelarut isopropil alkohol. ChemPro, 3(1), 51-57. https://doi.org/10.33005/chempro.v3i1.151.
Kamsiati, E., Widowati, S., & Herawati, H. (2022). Utilization of porang flour for producing tapioca based gluten-free noodles and characteristics of the product. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1024(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1024/1/012024.
Kanaka, K. K., Sukhija, N., Goli, R. C., Singh, S., Ganguly, I., Dixit, S. P., Dash, A., & Malik, A. A. (2023). On the concepts and measures of diversity in the genomics era. Current Plant Biology, 33, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpb.2023.100278.
Marantika, R. N., Arumingtyas, E. L., & Azrianingsih, R. (2025). Genetic Diversity of Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) in Malang, East Java based on Morphology and Molecular Markers (ITS2, trnL, and matK): Genetic Diversity of Amorphophallus muelleri Blume in Malang. Journal of Tropical Life Science, 15(1), 59-68. https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.15.01.07.
Poerba, Y. S., Leksonowati, A., & Martanti, D. (2009). Pengaruh mutagen etil metan sulfonat (EMS) terhadap pertumbuhan kultur in vitro iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume). Berita Biologi [printed version], 9(4), 419-425.
Probojati, R. T., Wahyudi, D., & Hapsari, L. (2019). Clustering analysis and genome inference of pisang raja local cultivars (Musa Spp.) from Java Island by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker. Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology, 4(2), 42-53. https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.44047.
Rachmatia, S. (2022). Pengaruh konsentrasi kolkisin terhadap induksi poliploidi dan pertumbuhan tanaman porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume). (Dissertation). Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang.
Salgotra, R. K., & Chauhan, B. S. (2023). Genetic diversity, conservation, and utilization of plant genetic resources. Genes, 14(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14010174.
Savitri, E. S., & Fauziah, S. M. (2018). Characterization of drought tolerance of GmDREB2 soybean mutants (Glycine max (L.) Merr) by ethyl methane sulfonate induction. In AIP conference proceedings, 2019(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5061853.
Shah, D., Kamili, A. N., Wani, A. A., Nazir, N., Sajad, N., Khan, I., Parray, J. A., & Shah, S. (2016). Mutagenic action of ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS): A review. Journal of Research & Development, 16, 63-68. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331876148.
Sharma, P., Nath, A. K., Dhiman, S. R., Dogra, S., & Sharma, V. (2022). Characterization of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) genotypes and gamma irradiated mutants using RAPD, ISSR and SSR markers. South African Journal of Botany, 148, 67-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2022.04.012.
Sharma, S., & Wadhwa, N. (2022). Apllication of glucomannan. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 21(1): 1-5. 10.18579/jopcr/v21i1.glucomannan.
Sikora, P., Chawade, A., Larsson, M., Olsson, J., & Olsson, O. (2011). Mutagenesis as a tool in plant genetics, functional genomics, and breeding. International journal of plant genomics, 2011(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/ 10.1155/2011/314829.
Sonsan, L., Wiriyaampaiwong, P., Tankrathok, A., & Srisamoot, N. (2023). EMS-induced genetic variation and morphological changes in Musa laterita. Current Applied Science and Technology, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2025.264707.
Suteja, H. N., Rostini, N., & Amien, S. (2019). Pengaruh perlakuan ethyl methanesulphonate terhadap perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan kentang granola (biji). Kultivasi, 18(1), 784-792. https://doi.org/10.24198/kultivasi.v18i1.19110.
Suyono, S., Indivia, I. T., Resmisari, R. S., Fitriyah, F., & Wahyudi, D. (2023). Induction of synthetic polyploids of porang (Amorphophallus muelerri Blume) and assessment of its genetic variability using morphological data and RAPD molecular marker. Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology, 8(3), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.82238.
Türkoğlu, A., Haliloğlu, K., Tosun, M., Bujak, H., Eren, B., Demirel, F., Szulc, P., Karagöz, H., Selwet, M., Özkan, G., & Niedbała, G. (2023). Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagen toxicity-induced DNA damage, cytosine methylation alteration, and iPBS-retrotransposon polymorphisms in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Agronomy, 13(7), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13071767.
Wahyudi, D., Belina, V. S., & Resmisari, R. S. (2024). Effects of gamma irradiation on morphological changes in porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume). In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1312(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13071767.
Wahyudi, D., Hapsari, L., & Sundari, S. (2020). RAPD analysis for genetic variability detection of mutant soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr). Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology, 5(1), 68- 77. https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.53653.
Wahyudi, D., Suyono, S., Resmisari, R. S., & Mauludyah, R. (2025). Colchicine-induced genetic variability in porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume): a study using srap markers. Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology, 13(2), 73-82. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.biotropika.2025.013.02.04.
Wu, F., Ma, S., Zhou, J., Han, C., Hu, R., Yang, X., ... & Zhang, X. (2021). Genetic diversity and population structure analysis in a large collection of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) germplasm worldwide. PeerJ, 9, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11325.
Yoseva, S., Armaini, N., Dini, I. R., Tabrani, G., & Selvia, R. (2022). Increased growth of porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) seedlings on various bulbil weights with auxin application. Int. J. Sci. Res. Arch, 7(2), 624-631. https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2022.7.2.0369.
ZakyZayed, M., Ho, W. S., Pang, S. L., & Ahmad, F. B. (2014). EMS-induced mutagenesis and DNA polymorphism assessment through ISSR markers in Neolamarckia cadamba (kelampayan) and Leucaena leucocephala (petai belalang). European Journal of Experimental Biology, 4(4), 156-163. https://www.primescholars.com/abstract/emsinduced-mutagenesis-and-dna-polymorphism-assessment-through-issr-markers-in-neolamarckia-cadamba-kelampayanand-leucae-91830.html
Submitted
Accepted
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
