Extracurricular activities are activities outside of class hours that aim to improve and hone students' knowledge, creativity, and skills. According to Lutan, extracurricular activities are the fulfilment of the learning needs of students who are under the auspices of educational units outside of extracurricular activities [1] . According to Sahan, extracurricular activities are activities under the supervision and guidance of the school that have the goal of developing students' talents and interests, cooperation, personality, abilities, and independence optimally to achieve educational goals that focus on student self-development and require student initiative in their implementation [2]- [4] .

There are various kinds of learning processes in extracurricular activities in each school, including the formation of arts and skills, the formation of students' character, to the application of religious and spiritual activities that focus on the mentality of students [5], [6] . Based on research that has been conducted by Yudha, the obstacles experienced by schools in Yogyakarta in organizing extracurricular activities are the lack of coaches or trainers in extracurricular activities as well as inadequate extracurricular facilities and infrastructure [7] . Meanwhile, according to Yogi and Lusiana, the obstacles in the implementation of extracurricular activities are the management of activities that tend to be less coordinated, the absence of cooperation between teachers, students, and school principals, students are less enthusiastic about participating in extracurricular activities, and lack of funding for extracurricular activities [8], [9] .

Extracurricular activities not only require an active role between coaches, teachers, funds, principals, and facilities but also require interest or desire and burn from students. If students are not interested in eating extracurricular activities, extracurricular activities will not run optimally [10], [11] .

Fatahillah Sukoharjo Integrated Islamic Elementary School is one of the educational institutions under the Ar-Risalah Sukoharjo Foundation. Fatahillah Integrated Islamic Elementary School is one of the schools that has extracurricular activities in various fields, such as scout extracurriculars, swimming extracurriculars, craft arts extracurriculars, futsal extracurriculars, OSN Science extracurriculars, OSN Mathematics extracurriculars, and karate extracurricular [12], [13] .

Extracurricular karate is an extracurricular that has the main goal of maintaining and protecting oneself from threats, but in addition to that, karate also has benefits, namely it can increase concentration, increase self-confidence, make friends and maintain health [14], [15] . Karate extracurricular at Fatahillah Sukoharjo Integrated Islamic Elementary School is compulsory for grade 4 students but students of other grades can also follow it with a registration system at the beginning of the school year [16], [17] .

According to Ana's statement, one of the staff who manages the administration at Fatahillah Sukoharjo Integrated Islamic Elementary School, the obstacle in providing extracurricular services is the limited funds in the implementation of activities that hinder student karate extracurricular activities [18], [19] . Another problem is that students enter extracurriculars less regularly, related to students who tend to lack enthusiasm and get bored easily, so it has an impact on frequently changing extracurricular branches in one year which results in students' interests and talents not being optimally honed. The opening of extracurricular registration is only held at the beginning of the year so that students can focus on the extracurricular that has been chosen. This can also be due to the lack of follow-up for students who do not comply with the rules above [20], [21] .

Based on the above presentation, shows that the karate extracurricular education service at Fatahillah Sukoharjo Integrated Islamic Elementary School has not run optimally. Educational services that are not optimal certainly have an impact on the satisfaction of parents of students who send their children to Fatahillah Integrated Islamic Elementary School. This needs attention because parental satisfaction is very important for the sustainability of an educational service provider. Therefore, the author wants to conduct further research with the title "The Effect of Karate Extracurricular Education Services on the Level of Parent Satisfaction of Students of Fatahillah Sukoharjo Integrated Islamic Elementary School".

Based on the background explanation above, the formulation of the problem in this study is as follows:

Karate as an extracurricular activity in Islamic elementary schools offers several benefits for students, especially in physical and mental development that supports character building. This activity not only focuses on mastering martial techniques, but also integrates the values of discipline, courage, and self-control that are in line with character education in Islam. For parents, children's involvement in karate extracurricular activities is often an important consideration in assessing their satisfaction with the educational services provided by the school. Research on parental satisfaction with extracurricular services, particularly karate, reveals that certain aspects, such as the quality of training, instructor skills, and values taught, play a significant role in shaping positive perceptions of parents. Thus, the implementation of extracurricular activities such as karate has the potential to increase parents' satisfaction with school, because it is considered capable of having a positive impact on their children's development [20], [21] .

Parent satisfaction in the context of education is an important component in assessing the quality of school services. Parents who are satisfied with extracurricular services generally show a higher level of attachment and trust in the educational institution where their child attends. In this case, karate as part of extracurricular activities is considered to be able to support the needs of children's development holistically. Many studies show that children's involvement in karate not only improves physical aspects, but also strengthens mental health, such as selfconfidence, the ability to interact with peers, and social skills that are important in daily life. Furthermore, the karate approach that emphasizes emotional control and the application of ethical values is in line with the goals of Islamic education to form the character of moral character, so parents see this program as a form of positive support for children's education [20], [21] .

In the context of Islamic education, karate extracurricular activities can enrich the moral values taught in the classroom through practical experience. According to research conducted by Aaron, students who are active in karate activities tend to show improvements in aspects such as discipline, responsibility, and perseverance. Strengthening this character is important in forming a solid personality following Islamic values. Karate provides space for students to internalize Islamic values that are indirectly taught through practice, for example by being respectful to the coach, maintaining ethics during practice, and practising patience when facing challenges. From the perspective of parents, this added value provides satisfaction because it is in line with their expectations for the development of Islamic character in their children [20], [21] .

In addition, the quality of instructors and the training environment also affect parents' satisfaction with the karate extracurricular program in Islamic elementary schools. Instructors who are competent in the field of karate and understand the values of Islamic education can create a comfortable training atmosphere while building a healthy competitive spirit. The study by Malik found that parents whose children participated in karate extracurriculars with high-quality instructors showed greater levels of satisfaction compared to programs that were less structured or did not have competent instructors. Parents consider that the quality of the instructor plays an important role in ensuring that children not only learn martial arts but also gain positive ethical values [22]–[24].

Overall, karate extracurriculars in Islamic elementary schools make an important contribution to parental satisfaction because it is considered a means to develop students' character as a whole. For parents, these extracurricular benefits are not only about mastering martial arts techniques but also include character building and support for religious values. Parents' satisfaction with this program can be a factor that strengthens their trust in the school as an educational institution that supports their child's growth following Islamic principles [22]- [24] .

This study uses a quantitative method. The research was conducted at Fatahillah Sukoharjo Integrated Islamic Elementary School. Data collection techniques by documentation and questionnaire/questionnaire methods. The sampling method used a total sampling of 53 respondents. The data were analyzed using a simple linear regression analysis technique with the help of SPSS V25 software. To test the validity of the data, validity tests, reliability tests, normality tests, and linearity tests were carried out [22]- [24] .

The number of students who participated in karate extracurriculars in the 2023/2024 school year was 53 students. In this study, there are two variables, namely the independent variable (x) and the bound variable (y). The independent variable (x), namely karate extracurricular education services, while the bound variable (y) is parental satisfaction. These two variables were obtained based on the results of the questionnaire that had been filled in by the parents of students who participated in karate extracurriculars.

Before the researcher disseminated the questionnaire to the respondents, the researcher first conducted a trial with 5 experts. The following is a table of the results of the validity test and reliability test for the questionnaire that will be disseminated by the researcher.

Based on the table above, it can be seen that the validity value of Aiken's that exceeds 0.6 is declared valid and those below 0.6 are declared invalid. Of the 20 statements that have been tested, there is 1 statement that is declared invalid. So, it is not included in the distribution of questionnaires for respondents.

Based on the calculation of Cronbach's alpha that has been carried out by the researcher, it can be concluded that the value of Cronbach's alpha of 0.980 > 0.70 is stated to be acceptable or reliable reliability.

Based on the table above, it can be seen that the validity value of Aiken's that exceeds 0.6 is declared valid and those below 0.6 are declared invalid. Of the 30 statements that have been tested, all were declared valid. So that all are included in the distribution of questionnaires for respondents.

Based on the calculation of Cronbach's alpha that has been carried out by the researcher, it can be concluded that Cronbach's alpha value of 0.829 > 0.70 is stated to be acceptable or reliable.

After conducting a series of tests that have been explained in the previous chapter, conclusions can be drawn regarding the Effect of Karate Extracurricular Education Services on the Level of Parent Satisfaction of Students of Fatahillah Sukoharjo Integrated Islamic Elementary School for the 2023/2024 Academic Year, as follows: 1). The karate extracurricular education services at Fatahillah Sukoharjo Integrated Islamic Elementary School are in the "Adequate" category. Through a questionnaire containing 19 questions that were given to 53 parents of students who participated in the karate extracurricular program, the results of the karate extracurricular education service have 3 categories, namely 21% in the "Less" category, 47% in the "Adequate" category and 32% in the "Good" category. 2). There is an effect of karate extracurricular education services on the level of parent satisfaction of students of Fatahillah Sukoharjo Integrated Islamic Elementary School with the results of the calculation of t count and t table, which is 8,905 > 2,006, which means that the influence is significant. Furthermore, it is seen from the calculation of a simple linear regression of a significance level of 0.00 less than 0.05 and the calculation of the determination coefficient of the influence of karate extracurricular education services on the level of parental satisfaction of 60.9%. 3). 60.9% of the satisfaction of students' parents with karate extracurricular education services includes the right duration of karate, affordable karate costs, parental involvement in karate policies, preventing student quarrels, karate makes students diligent in going to mosques, karate makes students filial to parents, karate makes students active in learning, karate makes students not choose friends, good communication between parents and teachers/tutors, Parents are satisfied with the competence of the teacher/tutor, mastery of the teacher/tutor material helps students learn karate techniques, teachers/tutors receive advice, completeness of karate facilities and the school follows up on students who do not obey the rules of karate activities.

We would like to express our deepest gratitude to all those who contributed to the completion of this research. First and foremost, we thank Allah Almighty for His guidance and blessings throughout this process. Special thanks to our colleagues and supervisors at Institut Islam Mamba'ul Ulum, Surakarta, Indonesia, for their invaluable support, insights, and encouragement. We also extend our appreciation to the participants and informants who generously shared their time and experiences. Finally, we are grateful to our families for their unwavering support and understanding. This research would not have been possible without your collective contributions. Thank you.

All authors contributed equally to the main contributor to this paper, some are as chairman, member, financier, article translator, and final editor. All authors read and approved the final paper.

The author declares no conflict of interest.