Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Self-Medication Among the Population of Balikpapan During COVID – 19 Pandemic
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23917/pharmacon.v21i1.4709Keywords:
Attitude, COVID-19, knowledge, practice, self-medicationAbstract
Over the past three years, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant changes in people's lives. One of the significant changes was the increase in self-medication activities. This study aims to provide an overview of the knowledge, attitudes, and practices among Balikpapan's population in self-medication during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 385 respondents were obtained from October 2022 until January 2023. The average value of respondents’s self-medication knowledge was 64.39% ± 21.37, with 28.6% included in the category of having good knowledge, while 37.9% and 33,55% of respondents had moderate and poor knowledge, respectively. The average self-medication attitude score was 74.60% ± 8.69, with most respondents having a neutral attitude towards self-medication (69.6%). In comparison, 38.1% of respondents had a positive attitude, and 2.3% had a negative attitude. The most common symptoms reported for self-medication included flu (22.12%), fever (20.92%), and cough (20.84%). The drugs most used by respondents in self-medication were paracetamol (29.09%), antacids (11.42%), mefenamic acid (4.17%), and cough syrup (3.95%). Inappropriate self-medication practices found that 13.54% of drugs used and 9.23% kept were prescription-only drugs, including antibiotics. Of 48.05% of respondents inappropriately disposed of expired drugs.
Downloads
References
Amalia, R.N., Annisaa’, E. and Dianingati, R.S., 2022. Wonosobo Community Self-medication Behavior during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Majalah Farmaseutik, 18 (3), 290. https://doi.org/10.22146/farmaseutik.v18i3.66442
Balikpapan Central Statistics Agency, 2021. Results of the 2020 Balikpapan City Population Census. Berita Resmi Statistik, No.02/01/6, 1–8. Available in: https://balikpapankota.bps.go.id/pressrelease/2021/01/21/161/hasil-sensus-penduduk-2020-kota-balikpapan.html. [Accesessed on January 7th 2023]
Bennadi, D., 2014. Self-medication: A current challenge. Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy, 5 (1), 19. doi: 10.4103/0976-0105.128253
Department of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, 2007. Guidelines for the Use of Over-the-counter and Limited Over-the-counter Drugs. Jakarta: Department of Health of the Republic of Indonesia.
Fadlillah, Z.N., 2021. Overview of the Level of Knowledge about Self-medication in the Community in Baciro Village and Terban Village Yogyakarta (Undergraduate thesis, Universitas Islam Indonesia-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science).
Gras, M., Gras-Champel, V., Moragny, J., Delaunay, P., Laugier, D., Masmoudi, K. and Liabeuf, S., 2021. Impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the reporting of adverse drug reactions associated with self-medication. Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises, 79 (5), 522–529. doi: 10.1016/j.pharma.2021.02.003
Indonesia Food and Drug Administration., 2005. How to Use the Drug Correctly. Available in: https://www.pom.go.id/new/view/more/berita/75/Cara-Penggunaan-Obat--yang-Benar.html. [Accesessed on July 07th 2022]
Karuniawati, H., Hassali, M.A.A., Suryawat,i S., Ismail, W.I., Taufik, T. and Wiladatika, A., 2020. Public practices towards antibiotics: A qualitative study. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 8 (4), 1277–1281. DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2020.04.027
Karuniawati, H., Hassali, M.A.A., Suryawati, S., Ismail, W.I., Taufik, T. and Hossain, M.S., 2021. Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of antibiotic use among the population of Boyolali, indonesia: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (16). DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168258
Karuniawati, H., Suryawati, S., Sulaiman, S.A.S., Taufik, T., Ismail, W.I. and Hossain, M.S., 2023. Practice and associated factors determination of self-medication with antibiotics among community residents in Boyolali, Indonesia: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 13 (8), 227–235. DOI: 10.7324/JAPS.2023.104931
Lwanga, S.K. and Lemeshow, S., 1991. Sample Size Determination in Health Studies : A Practical Manual. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Mannasaheb, B.A., Al-Yamani, M.J., Alajlan, S.A., Alqahtani, L.M., Alsuhimi, S.E., Almuzaini, R.I., Albaqawi, A.F. and Alshareef, Z.M., 2021. Knowledge, attitude, practices and viewpoints of undergraduate university students towards self-medication: An institution-based study in Riyadh. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (16). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168545
Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, 2020, Guidelines for the Implementation of the Smart Community Movement Program Using Drugs (GeMa CerMat), Jakarta: Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia
Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, 2021. Guidelines for the Management of Damaged and Expired Drugs in Health Care Facilities and Households. Jakarta: Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia
Nugraha, W. and Suwendar, 2021. Study on Self-medication Knowledge Patterns in Overcoming Cough Symptoms of Community in Cibeber Hamlet, Cikalong District, Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java. Pharmaceutical Proceedings, 7 (1), 78–87.
Pakpahan, M., Siregar, D., Susilawaty, A., Tasnim, Mustar, Ramdany, R., Manurung, E.I., Sianturi, E., Tompunu, M.R.G., Sitanggang, Y.F. and M M., 2021. Health Promotion &; Health Behavior, Medan: Yayasan Kita Menulis,.
Pariyana, Mariana and Liana, Y., 2021. Self-medication Behavior During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Palembang City Community. Proceedings of the National Seminar STIKES syedza saintika, 403–415.
Sukrawi, F.H., 2021. The Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Self-medication Attitude of the People of Asam Kumbang Village in Medan City (Undergraduate thesis, Universitas Sumatera Utara-Faculty of Pharmacy)
Susheela, F., Goruntla, N., Bhupalam, P.K., Veerabhadrappa, K. V., Sahithi, B. and Ishrar, S., 2018. Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice toward responsible self‑medication among students of pharmacy colleges located in Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 7 (August), 1–6. DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_175_17
Susilo, A.I. and Meinisasti, R., 2022, Analysis of Self-medication Practices in Bengkulu City. Journal of Nursing and Public Health Vol. 10 No. 2 Oktober 2022, 10 (2), 242–254. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37676/jnph.v10i2.3203
Wicaksono, A.B., Yuliastuti, F. and Nila ,S N.M.A., 2022. Level of Knowledge and Community Self-medication Behavior during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Magelang City. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Science. 2 (1), 66.
Yusup, F., 2018, Test of Validity and Reliability of Quantitative Research Instruments. Tarbiyah Journal: Educational Scientific Journal, 1 (1), 17–23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18592/tarbiyah.v7i1.2100
