Stimulant Activity of White Pepper (Piperis albi Fructus) Ethanol Extract In Vivo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23917/pharmacon.v21i1.2411Keywords:
In Vivo, Natatory exhaustion, Stimulant, White pepperAbstract
Caffeine is a stimulant substances that can stimulate the central nervous system (CNS) increasing concentration, and reducing drowsiness. The use of caffeine generally comes from coffee plants which can increase gastrin secretion. Long-term use of caffeine can cause side effects such as feelings of anxiety, irritability, insomnia and faster heart rate. An alternative stimulant that has limited side effects is needed. White pepper (Piperis albi fructus) is potential as stimulant. The extract of White pepper contained piperine compound. Piperine can potentially be a stimulant because it can stimulate the formation of energy in the body. The purpose of this study was to determine the in vivo stimulant activity of ethanol extract White pepper in male white mice. The method used in this research is Natatory exhaustion. 25 test animals were divided into 5 groups. The doses used are white pepper extract 0.32; 0.65 and 1.3 mg/20 g BW, caffeine 0.26 mg/20 g BW and 0.5% CMC-Na. Data analysis with SPSS 16 with the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Withney test. The results of the stimulant activity test of white pepper ethanol extract at a dose of 0.32; 0.65 and 1.3 mg/20 g BW for male white mice with the DDY strain with an average % increase in stamina of 63.92; 120.81 and 179.31%,mean while in the positive control of caffeine by 232.55% and the negative control of CMC-Na by 21.10%. White pepper ethanol extract dose of 1.3 mg/20 g BW has stimulant activity which is not significantly different from caffeine positive control.
Downloads
References
Ahwan, A. (2018). Identification and Isolation of Non Polar, Semipolar and non polar isolate from hexana fraction of ethanol extract of belt leaves (Piper betle L.) using TLC Scanner and GC-MS Methods. Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi, 1(2), 88–99. https://doi.org/10.29313/jiff.v1i2.3746
Annisa, F. N., Fauziyyah, G. F., Wicaksono, I. A., & Lestari, K. (2022). Review Article: Potential of Herbal Plants in Indonesia in Improving Body Fitness. Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Farmasyifa, 5(2), 161–182. https://doi.org/10.29313/jiff.v5i2.8841
Ashokkumar, K., Murugan, M., Dhanya, M. K., Pandian, A., & Warkentin, T. D. (2021). Phytochemistry and therapeutic potential of black pepper [Piper nigrum (L.)] essential oil and piperine: a review. Clinical Phytoscience, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40816-021-00292-2
Boangmanalu, K. R., & Zahrotun, A. (2018). Potential medicinal effect of piper plants: Piper nigrum L., Piper retrofractum Vahl., Piper betle Linn., Piper cubeba L. dan Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav. Farmaka, 16(2), 204–212. https://doi.org/10.24198/jf.v16i3.17699
Damanhouri, Z. A. (2014). A Review on Therapeutic Potential of Piper nigrum L. (Black Pepper): The King of Spices. Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, 03(03). https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0412.1000161
Efia, R. (2019). Stimulant effect of a combination of ethanol extract of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and red ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) on male mice. Pakuan University. https://sipus-old.unpak.ac.id/dashboard.php?menu=lihat_data_digital&kode_data_digital=c28aca23f1ef3718a464383d925c66842078edaa
Febrianasari, N., Wijayanti, R., & Apriadi, A. (2016). Stimulant Test of Garlic Bulb (Allium sativum L.) Extract on Swiss Webster Mice. Jurnal Farmasi Sains Dan Praktis, 1(2), 42–49. https://doi.org/10.31603/pharmacy.v1i2.229
Ferreira, L. G., Dos Santos, R. N., Oliva, G., & Andricopulo, A. D. (2015). Molecular docking and structure-based drug design strategies. In Molecules (Vol. 20, Issue 7). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules200713384
Fithriyana, R. (2018). Factors Related to the Incident of Dypepsia in Patients in the Working Area of Bangkinang Health Center. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 2(2), 43–54. https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v2i2.79
Gorgani, L., Mohammadi, M., Najafpour, G. D., & Nikzad, M. (2017). Piperine—The Bioactive Compound of Black Pepper: From Isolation to Medicinal Formulations. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 16(1), 124–140. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12246
Hasibuan, A. S., & Edrianto, V. (2021). Phytochemical screening of ethanol extract of red onion tubers (Allium cepa L.). Jurnal Pengmas Kestra (Jpk), 1(1), 80–84. https://doi.org/10.35451/jpk.v1i1.732
Herwana, E., Pudjiadi, L. L., Wahab, R., Nugroho, D., & Hendrata, T. (2005). The effect of giving stimulant drinks on fatigue in rats. Jurnal Universa Medicina, 24(1). https://scholar.google.co.id/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=6RL0fnQAAAAJ&citation_for_view=6RL0fnQAAAAJ:d1gkVwhDpl0C
Hikmawanti, N. P. E., Hariyanti, H., Aulia, C., & Viransa, V. P. (2016). The Content of Piperine in Black and White Pepper Fruits (Piper nigrum L.) Extracted with Variation of Ethanol concentrations using TLC-Densitometry Method. Media Farmasi: Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi, 13(2), 173. https://doi.org/10.12928/mf.v13i2.7769
Isnenia. (2017). Test Effect of Wooden Sappan Infusa Stimulant toward Male Mice. Jurnal Analis Farmasi, 2(2), 146–154. https://doi.org/10.33024/jaf.v2i2.1175
Katzung, B. . (2014). Basic and Clinical Pharmacology XII Edition. EGC.
Levita, J., Simanjuntak, N., & Subarnas, A. (2019). Review: Included Biopiperine and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Piperine. Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Farmasi Indonesia, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.58327/jstfi.v8i1.94
Mustopo, L. W. (2011). Aviation safety and the psychological aspects of “fatigue.” Psikobuana, 3(2), 126–134. https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=80-ovLUAAAAJ&citation_for_view=80-ovLUAAAAJ:2osOgNQ5qMEC
Rahimah, S. B., Djunaedi, D. D., Soeroto, A. Y., & Bisri, T. (2019). The phytochemical screening, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities in vitro of white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) preparations. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 7(15), 2404–2412. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.741
Rahmi, M., Tobat, S. R., & Ningsih, S. (2020). Testing The Stimulant Effects of the Central Nervous System of South African Leaf Ethanol Extract (Vernonia amygdalina Delile) on Female White Mice. MEDFARM: Jurnal Farmasi Dan Kesehatan, 9(2), 55–62. https://doi.org/10.48191/medfarm.v9i2.35
Ridwan, E. (2013). Ethics of Using Experimental Animals in Health Research. J Indon Med Assoc, 63, 112–118. https://www.academia.edu/35906870/Artikel_Pengembangan_Pendidikan_Keprofesian_Berkelanjutan_P2KB
Setyowati, D. L., Shaluhiyah, Z., & Widjasena, B. (2014). Causes of Work Fatigue in Furniture Workers Factors. Kesmas: National Public Health Journal, 8(8), 386. https://doi.org/10.21109/kesmas.v8i8.409
Sidrotullah, M., Pahmi, K., & Amrillah. (2019). The Effect of Palm Sugar Decoction (Arenga Pinnata) Treatment Given by Perolar on the Stamina of Mice Using the Natatory Exhaustion Method. Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi, 7(2), 83–86. https://doi.org/10.51673/jikf.v7i2.585
Soemarie, Y. B., Astuti, T., & Rochmah, N. (2017). Formulation of Avocado Leaf Ethanol Extract Oinment (Persea americana Mill) as Antiacne. Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung, 2(2), 224–232. https://doi.org/10.51352/jim.v2i2.70
Sumarny, R., Rahayu, L., Made, N. I., & Sandhiutami, D. (2013). Stimulant effect of infusion of black pepper (Piperis nigri fructus) in mice. Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indinesia, 11(2), 142–146. http://jifi.farmasi.univpancasila.ac.id/index.php/jifi/article/view/208
Syafitri, N. E., Bintang, M., & Falah, S. (2014). Phytochemical Content, Total Phenols, and Total Flavonoids of Harendong Fruit Extract (Melastoma affine D. Don). Current Biochemistry, 3(3), 105. https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/cbj/article/view/17419
Syhadat, A., & Siregar, N. (2020). Phytochemical Screening of Katuk (Sauropus androgynus) Leaves as a Breast Milk Promotor. Kesehatan Ilmiah Indonesia, 5(1), 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.51933/health.v5i1.246
Tary, N. L. N., & Sujono, T. A. (2018). Effect Test Stimulant of Curcuma Rhizome Infusion (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) On Male Mice Swiss Strain. Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia, 14(1), 14–18. https://doi.org/10.23917/pharmacon.v14i1.540
Uthia, R., Arifin, H., & Efrianti, F. (2017). The Effect of Fractionation Results of Basil Leaf extract (Ocimum sanctum L.) on Central Nervous System Activities in Male White Mice. Farmasi Higea, 9(1), 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.52689/higea.v9i1.161
Wade, C., & Travis, C. (2008). Psychology, 9th Edition Volume 1. Erlangga.
Wendersteyt, N. V., Wewengkang, D. S., & Abdullah, S. S. (2021). Antimicrobial Activity Test of Exstracts And Fractions of Ascidian herdmania Momus From Bangka Island Waters Likupang Against The Growth Of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, And Candida albicans. Pharmacon, 10(1), 706. https://doi.org/10.35799/pha.10.2021.32758
Winata, S. D. (2016). Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment in Caffeine Drinking Patients Who Experience Addiction. Jurnal Kedokteran Meditek, 21(57), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.36452/jkdoktmeditek.v21i57.1168
