Formulation and Physical Evaluation of Leaves Extract Syrup Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack.)

Authors

  • Tri Budi Julianti Faculty of Pharmacy, Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur University, Indonesia
    Indonesia
  • Renita Mahardhika Putri Faculty of Pharmacy, Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur University, Indonesia
    Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.23917/pharmacon.v23i1.12320

Keywords:

Extract variations, Formulation, Kalimantan, Sungkai leaves, Syrup

Abstract

Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack) is a native Indonesian plant, particularly characteristic of Kalimantan, whose leaves are widely used by local communities as traditional medicine for treating fever, minor wounds, mouthwash, and enhancing the immune system. Previous phytochemical investigations reveal that sungkai leaves contain flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, and tannins. This study was conducted by formulate syrup preparations with varying concentrations of extract as the active ingredient: 0% in formula 1, 0.1% in formula 2, 0.2% in formula 3, and 0.3% in formula 4, with the addition excipients such as stabilizer, preservative, flavoring, sweetener, aroma and solvent. Each formulation underwent triplicate physical evaluations comprising organoleptic properties, clarity, homogeneity, pH, specific gravity, displaced volume, pouring time, and viscosity as well as statistical analysis results to find out the standard syrup quality criteria. All four formulations met the established physical quality standards for syrup. Notably, Formula 2 containing 0.1% extract as the active ingredient demonstrated superior physical stability, particularly evident in viscosity profile. This formulation presents a promising natural based alternative for further development in immunomodulatory efficacy studies.

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Submitted

2025-08-05

Accepted

2026-06-06

Published

2026-06-30

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