3025-8839Multicultural Islamic Education ReviewMIER3025-8839Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta10.23917/mier.v2i1.4521Democracy and Multicultural Education in Indonesia: A Bibliometric Study to Build Awareness and Collaborative ActionRahmawatiSiti
Indonesiao300230005@student.ums.ac.id
TamamiFauziyah Qurrota Ayun
Indonesia
TamamiSabrina Failasufa
Turkey
TamamiMochammad Mumtaz Rais
Indonesia
Department of Doctoral of Islamic Religious Education, University of Muhammadiyah SurakartaDepartment of Master Islamic Religious Education, University of Muhammadiyah SurakartaDepartment of Divinity Theology, Kirklareli UniversityDepartment of Sharia Economic Law, University of Muhammadiyah SurakartaCorresponding author: Siti Rahmawati, Department of Doctoral of Islamic Religious Education, University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta .Email:o300230005@student.ums.ac.id30320242032024211324112202428320242932024Copyright (c) 2024 Siti Rahmawati; Fauziyah Qurrota Ayun Tamami; Sabrina Failasufa Tamami, Mochammad Mumtaz Rais Tamami2024Siti Rahmawati; Fauziyah Qurrota Ayun Tamami; Sabrina Failasufa Tamami, Mochammad Mumtaz Rais Tamamihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.Democracy and Multicultural Education in Indonesia: A Bibliometric Study to Build Awareness and Collaborative Action

With the use of bibliometric analysis drawn from several articles indexed in the Scopus database, this study seeks to map the evolution and direction of research on democracy and multicultural education to increase awareness and encourage collaborative action. The data found in levels from 1995 to 2024 will be analyzed to identify pertinent gaps. After that, the data was examined using R / R-Studio, VOSViewer, and Microsoft Excel software to identify keywords and document citation boosters. 193 publications that meet the established criteria, subject, and function were discovered by the researcher. This study's findings indicate a yearly increase rate. The scientific field and the annual quantity of studies published were taken into consideration when analyzing the obtained papers. This bibliometric analysis was restricted to data from Scopus. This study's drawback is that it only uses data sets or metadata from publications that are indexed in Scopus. In addition to offering suggestions for further research, this study gives a concise summary of the literature that scholars studying democracy and multicultural education for awareness-raising and collaborative action review can access.

DemocracymulticulturalEducationBuild AwarenessCollaboration ActionFile created by JATS EditorJATS Editorissue-created-year2024INTRODUCTION

Throughout Indonesia, which is a country known for its varied ethnic landscape and rich cultural tapestry, advancing intercultural education and pursuing democracy are fundamental tenets that are essential for societal cohesion and advancement [1]. Understanding the relationships between democracy and multicultural education is crucial for promoting inclusive development and defending the rights of all citizens as Indonesia moves through different sociopolitical stages [2], [3]. A bibliometric analysis begins with a through examination of academic literature related to multicultural education and democracy in Indonesia [4].

This research attempts to shed light on important patterns, gaps, and emerging topics in the discourse around there important subjects by methodically going over current documents. We seek to offer insights from the field of bibliometrics that will not only advance knowledge among scholars but also guide policy decisions and community-based programs that promote democratic values and intercultural understanding in Indonesian schools. We thank the significant contributions of academics, educators, and activists who have devoted their time to clarifying the complex interactions between democracy and multicultural education in Indonesia as we embark on this bibliometric journey [5], [6]. This study aims to stimulate awareness and encourage cooperative action toward creating a more inclusive, egalitarian, and democratic society by using their collective understanding [7], [8].

Previous research shows that there has been no research on democracy and multicultural education through bibliometric analysis, thus encouraging researchers to withdraw findings related to this research. This study aims to determine the development and direction of research on democratic and multicultural education through bibliometric analysis to build awareness and collaborative action.

LITERATURE REVIEW

QS. Al-Hujurat verse 13 provides the educational foundation of Islamic multiculturalism in preparing students for a peaceful life both inside and outside their group by teaching students how to coexist with the diversity of the nation, as researched by Alfian Dewan, 2021 [9]. Islamic educational institutions provide lessons on religious and cultural pluralism. Yogyakarta and Palangkaraya are two unique urban areas with features of multiculturalism. According to Raihani, Islamic educational institutions, in theory, contribute to social segregation by imposing society on students by forcing them to uphold certain values and behaviors. Islamic schools can help Indonesia develop a multicultural society [10]. According to Irham (2018), Islamic Religious Education has a role as a moral driver of pluralism for its students. Two fundamental findings are the type of inclusive educators and multicultural curriculum design [11].

The Muhammadiyah Business Charity Movement carried out by the Pekalongan area has developed from time to time. Previously, the city was full of violence and was not recalculated, but the growing Pekalongan area turned into a metropolitan village and eroded all forms of activities that were hated and wrathed by his God, as researched by Syamsul Hidayat [12].

According to Atwar Bajari, 2019 main characteristics of Indonesian audiences after 1998: euphoria, openness, and limitedness. Euphoria meant local audiences began to favor the multicultural themes on their watch lists; open means open audience means the audience begins to accept a variety of multicultural issues, especially those related to identity; and, lastly, limited means audience references are largely determined by the theater schedule and very little by alternative spaces. Although intensification of scope is necessary, the study is instructive enough to show unique changes in multicultural film-watching culture after 1998 in Indonesia [13].

METHODOLOGY

This article was conducted through a quantitative approach using bibliometric analysis and networking of several Scopus-based articles. Article results obtained from the Scopus page through Boolean filtering to comb through relevant articles from 1995 to 2024. This research was conducted since February 27, 2024 at 21.05 WIB, to support this research, it was also carried out using R/R-Studio, VOSViewer, and Microsoft Excel software to analyze documents, citations, and networks.

Getting concrete and relevant data in this research requires three stages, namely the first stage of reviewing literature related to the theme in the title of this study to ensure relevant research so that there are no gaps in this topic. Literature studies are also useful for determining appropriate themes so as to represent the scope of research. The second stage is the boolean operator, the results of the first boolean data are obtained through (TITLE-ABS-KEY ("islamic education") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ("democracy") AND TITLE-ABS-KEY ("multicultural")) with a total of 796 articles obtained, then continued with the second boolean operator with results (LIMIT-TO (LANGUAGE, "english")) AND (LIMIT-TO (SRCTYPE, "j")) and the number of articles as many as 193. The third stage of map analysis, this is done with the intention of knowing the number of documents per year based on journals, authors, affiliations, countries, and subjects or fields of journals. This bibliometric analysis is performed using Scopus Analyzer, R/R-Studio, and VOSViewer to produce concrete data. Then a conclusion is made on the flow chart to show the clarity of the flow, as seen in Figure 1 image flow.

Image Flow

ImageRESULTS AND DISCUSSIONDocument Analysis

The R/R-Studio software generates data on the Main of Information which can be seen in Figure 1. main of Information, the results of data obtained for 29 years, so that 1000 authors were found with a total of 501 single authors and collaborations with international writing as many as 5,779, and found the number of references as many as 45,489 with an average citation per document of 15.2.

Main of Information

MAIN INFORMATION ABOUT DATA
Timespan1985:2024
Sources (Journals, Books, etc)637
Documents796
Annual Growth Rate %3.62
Document Average Age11.3
Average citations per doc15.2
References45489
DOCUMENT CONTENTS
Keywords Plus (ID)468
Author's Keywords (DE)1516
AUTHORS
Authors1000
Authors of single-authored docs501
AUTHORS COLLABORATION
Single-authored docs562
Co-Authors per Doc1.41
International co-authorships %5.779
DOCUMENT TYPES
article445
book106
book chapter176
conference paper17
editorial8
letter1
note3
review40

The results of data obtained through Microsoft Excel in the analysis per year related to the title of this study show the number of publications occurring from 1995 to 2024, as shown in Figure 2. Year Chats, the data shows an increase in article publications since 2010 with a balanced until 2017 has decreased not so significantly.

Year Chats

Image

In the author's name, there is the author who has published the most articles described in figure 3. Author Name Charts, authors under the names Chin, C, Galeotti, A. E, and Wright, M have the same number of publications of 3 documents [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19].

[CHART]

The United States is the first country to publish the most articles with a percentage of 33% with a meaning of 47 documents, then continued by Nagara United Kingdom as much as 14% which is 20 documents, and 13% equals 19 documents obtained by Canada, as stated in Figure 5.

Affiliation Charts

Image

Journal Ethnic and Racial Studies and Journal Nations and Nationalism have the same number of article publications, which is 8 documents, then continued by Journal Citizenship Studies as many as 5 documents, as in Figure 6. source charts [25], [26], [27], [28].

Country Charts

Image

R/R-Studio software generates data obtained from Three Field Plots described through Figure 7. Three Field Plot that there are 3 elements consisting of journal names, lists of author names, and frequently used themes or topics. The three elements are interconnected and interrelated through a gray plot. The maroon journal of Ethnic and Racial Studies is connected to two authors, namely Galeotti, Ae with a publication with the theme Multiculturalism and Levey, GB with the theme Multiculturalism [29], [30], [31], [32]. As explained in Figure 7. Three Field Plot which was then continued by the Journal of Ethnicities in dark red connected by 2 authors, namely Kymlicka, W published his article on the topic; Multiculturalism, Citizenship Education, Immigration, Diversity, Nationalism, and Citizenship. Next Levey, GB [33], [34], [35], [36], [37].

Source Charts

Image

Corresponding Author's Countries describe Countries that publish many articles in terms of single authors to groups analyzed as SCP and MCP as in Figure 8. Corresponding Author's Countries, USA has a total of 4 MCP documents and 70 SCP documents, then continued by the United Kingdom with 3 MCP documents and 30 SCP documents, 1 MCP document and 22 SCP documents obtained by Australia. From the many data obtained, it is concluded that this research is dominated by the Asian continent.

Three Field Plot

Image

Most Global Cited Document

PaperTotal CitationsTC per Year
Anderson E, 2010, The Imperative Of Integr58338.87
Keith M, 2005, After The Cosmop?:Multicult Cities And The Futur Of Racism30915.45
Fennema M, 1999, J Ethn Migr Stud29111.19
SMOOHA S, 2002, NATIONS NATL-A29012.61
Osler A, 2003, Educ Rev26912.23
Patten A, 2014, Equal Recognit: The Moral Found Of Minor Rights24021.82
Gutmann A, 2009, Identity In Democr-A22714.19
Lisle D, 2006, The Global Politics OfContemporary Travel Writ22311.74
Kesler C, 2010, Can J Polit Sci20113.40
Ahdar R, 2010, Relig Free In The Lib State19813.20

Network Analytics

The results of the data obtained through VOSViewer software produce a network that is analyzed from co-occurrence with a minimum cluster of 15 to produce 4 clusters, as in Figure 9. Network Visualization cluster 1 in red has 31 items, cluster 2 in green with 24 items, cluster 3 in blue with 19 items, and cluster 4 in yellow has 17 items.

Network Visualization

Image

Overlay Visualization explains that there are bright yellow clusters with explanations of current topics or are still often used, so that clusters that are faded yellow to green are themes that are rarely used in research. Recognition and Cultural Influence are examples of themes that are still often used in 2018, then the theme of Race, Identity, Immigration is a topic that has been rarely discussed by researchers because it shows frequent use since 2014-2016.

Image

Density visualization in Figure 11. Density Visualization explains the density of themes shown by themes that have a bright yellow color with examples of Multiculturalism themes and topics that are rarely studied are found in the density of topics that are yellow blur as in the examples of Human, Race, Latin America.

Overlay Visualization

Image

VOSViewer software provides 99 keywords in each cluster related to the research topic in this article, namely Democracy and Multicultural Education in Indonesia: A Bibliometric Study to Build Awareness and Collaborative Action, these keywords are concluded along with occurrence in Table 3 Keyword of Co-Occurance in VOSViewer.

Keyword of Co-Occurance in VOSViewer

KeywordOccuranceCluster
ArticleCivil societyCultural DiversityDecision MakingDemocracy711135161
BrazilCitizenshipEducationCivic EducationCultural Rights Culture51655152
AsiaCultural Influence DemocratizationEthnic MinorityEthnopolitics5597113
Australia Canada CitizenshipConceptualFrameworkCultural Identity712415134

CONCLUSION

This article determines the development and direction of research related to Democracy and Multicultural Education in Indonesia: A Bibliometric Study to Build Awareness and Collaborative Action processed from Scopus Analyzer, then through the R/R-Studio tool, and finally through VOSViewer, the results of data obtained from 1995 to 2024. The findings of this study show that the most researchers come from the USA and the United Kingdom, meaning that there are still few researchers present from Indonesia. This research is limited to Scopus indexed articles, it is recommended that future research be able to include databases and others to examine the development and direction of research subjectively, and it is hoped that writers from Indonesia will be able to master the same theme with enthusiasm in writing it.

Acknowledgements

I am grateful to anyone who has helped and supported me tremendously both before and during the study process. We hope that our work will enrich science even further.

Author Contribution

Every author had the positions of its leader, participant, funder, article translator, and supervisor in addition to being the paper’s principal author. Every author has read and approved the final manuscript.

Conflicts of Interest

All authors declare no conflict of interest.

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