The concept of governance is taken from the term "governance" in English, then quoted from (Bennett & Satterfield, 2018), where their opinion refers to (Graham et al., 2003) and (Lockwood, 2010) by defining "governance' as "...the institutions, structures, and processes that determine who makes decisions, how and for whom decisions are made, whether, how and what actions are taken, and by whom and what impact". If this definition is followed, then institutions, structures, and processes-all of which are linked to choices and actions regarding what is made, done, and its effect-are the three key indicators of governance. 'What' in this context is referred to as the environment. Thus, when discussing environmental governance, it becomes imperative to discuss who has the authority to make decisions and take actions related to environmental management, as well as how and for whom those decisions are made. Gaining an understanding of environmental governance entails learning how environmental decrees are made and whether or not the methods and regulations put in place can produce sustainable results for the environment and society (Bennett & Satterfield, 2018). Social sustainability must be included in any discussion of sustainable development. The reason for this is that protecting or preserving the environment requires an all-encompassing approach, meaning that every element of it-including people- must be safe or sustainable. Collective human discourse also includes social and cultural institutions.

Bennett and Satterfield make it clear that the capacity, performance, and structure of institutional, structural, and procedural elements of governance are the five main topics of discussion when it comes to environmental governance. The concept of governance in environmental law discourse gave birth to the concept of good environmental governance. That being said, this idea is derived from the ideas of environmental governance and good governance in the context of environmental law. As a result, the idea of good environmental governance can be understood as the state's perspective on environmental management as it relates to the community's direct implementation plan (Purniawati et al., 2020).

Environmental planning encompasses activities related to gathering environmental data, identifying ecoregions regionally, and formulating the PPLH Act, as stated in Article 5 of the Act. The institution is authorized to establish the territory ecoregion after an inventory of the environment is carried out by the minister. The PPLH Act's Article 7(1) specifies that the relevant minister is the Minister of Environment and Forestry at the moment. As stated in Article 9 Section 1 of the PPLH Act, the Environmental Protection and Management Plan (Rencana Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup/RPPLH) is divided into three categories: national, provincial, and municipal/regency. According to Article 10 Section 1 of the PPLH Act, the minister of MoEF is in charge of preparing the national RPPLH, the governor is in charge of preparing the provincial RPPLH, and the regent or mayor is responsible for preparing the regency or municipal RPPLH in accordance with their jurisdiction. The preparation of this RPPLH and the provisions pertaining to the demarcation of territories and ecoregions are blatant examples of institutional governance.

Meanwhile, the PPLH Act's Article 9, Sections (3) and (4) provide a description of the "structure" component of PPLH planning. Provincial RPPLH is derived from national RPPLH, whereas municipal/regency RPPLH is derived from provincial RPPLH. The structural relationships that exist between the national, provincial, and regency/city are implicitly revealed by this clause. Concurrently, the plan for the phase-out of RPPLH preparation pertains to the "process" element of PPLH planning activities. The preparation of the National RPPLH was carried out after the establishment of the National Environmental Inventory. Meanwhile, the environmental inventory at the island/archipelago and ecoregion levels, as well as the national RPPLH, are completed before the provincial RPPLH. Likewise, phasing is part of the activities of RPPLH in the regency or city.

As previously indicated, national economic development must be based on the ideas of sustainable development and be environmentally conscious, as stated in the PPLH Act's consideration section. The PPLH Act states that in order to carry out national economic development, both the federal government and local governments must create a Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) to guarantee that the concept of sustainable development has been taken into consideration. This idea ought to serve as both the foundation and an integral part of a region's development plan. The government recognizes that although Indonesia is an archipelagic nation with an abundance of natural resources, it is also susceptible to environmental harm, which is why this Moe obligation exists-at least with regard to the PPLH Act.

Example of a governance case settlement that defies the PPLH Act is when WALHI filed a lawsuit against the Bali Governor's decree pertaining to the nature-based tourism management permit on the TAHURA Ngurah Rai area utilization block in Bali Province, which was granted to PT. TIRTA RAHMAT BAHARI, whose decree is deemed to violate PPLH law Article 92. The panel of judges decided that the governor of Bali had revoked the tourism company's license based on the decision with Number 01/G/2013/PPTUN.Dps because it had been established that the company had established lodging, restaurant, and spa businesses in violation of the decree that had been issued. Additionally, payment to the plaintiff is demanded of the defendant (Constitutional Court, 2024). The aforementioned illustration demonstrates how the official regulatory authority, the governor of Bali, can issue commands on governance that are deemed in conflict with PPLH Act governance. The court's ruling to the Bali governor provides proof of the implementation of the PPLH Act's requirements for law enforcement in the field. Therefore, it is obvious that the PPLH Act's environmental governance implementation requirements were met both in terms of content and application.

There is always interaction between the dynamics of the law itself and the dynamics of society (internal dynamics vs external dynamics). The evaluation of the judge's ruling takes into account both of these dynamics and is accomplished by adjusting how facts, standards, morality, and legal doctrine relate to one another—either separately, jointly, or correlatively. When reviewing, evaluating, and rendering a decision in a case, a judge must base his decision on written law. Nonetheless, the judge must be able to interpret the legislation in accordance with the 1945 Constitutional principles and Law Number 48 of 2009 if the written law is not found or is judged excessive. The tenets of this legislation serve as judges' guidelines and foundation when exercising their discretion to find and enact laws. In fact, when the judges created the law, they determined that there were still issues and that this created controversy in the community (Respationo & Hamzah, 2013).

The illogical decision made by the judge amply illustrates how abnormally practical law develops. On the other hand, a judge must deliver a true and equitable decision, which is highly desired by those who seek justice. Therefore, a judge must base his decisions not only on the science of law, with the assistance of various sciences but also on legal theory and philosophy, particularly when handling cases involving issues that essentially affect conscience (Respationo & Hamzah, 2013).

The following examples demonstrate how licensing decisions have not been overturned and how law enforcement has not been put into practice, demonstrating that sustainable development is not a reality. The first case stemmed from a review conducted by WALHI and the community to revoke the Central Javan governor's order granting business licenses to PT. Semen Indonesia in 2016. Legal positivism reasoning, which is based on Law Number 5 of 1986 on Administrative Justice, which specifies that the period of application for a lawsuit is 90 days after the governor of Central Java issued a decree, is the legal reasoning employed by judges in the Semarang Administrative Court and Surabaya Administrative Court. The plaintiff's lawsuit was dismissed by the panel of judges of the Semarang State Administrative Court due to its expiration and exceeding the stipulated time limit (Dwi Utomo et al., 2023).

Similarly, the Surabaya Administrative Court's ruling (number 135/B/2015/PT .TUN. SBY), attested to the Semarang administrative court's ruling that the plaintiff's lawsuit has run its course. This decision was made as a result of the dispute's object—the Central Javan governor's decree with number 660.1/17/2012—having been socialized between 2012 and 2013. Consequently, the appellant's (JMPPK) claim that he became aware of the dispute's object only on June 18, 2014, is void. Article 46, Section 2 of Law No. 14 of 1985 pertaining to the Supreme Court stipulates that within 14 days of the appellant being notified of the decision or court decision, the application for reversal in a civil case must be made, either orally or in writing, to the Clerk of the Court of First Instance who has rendered a decision (Dwi Utomo et al., 2023).

The next case came from a lawsuit by the community and WALHI organization regarding the issuance of illegal land ownership certificates by the One Stop Integrated Service and Investment Agency West Java Province with PT. Cirebon Energi Prasarana. In light of the Supreme Court's ruling number 148/GG / LH/2017/PTUN-BDG, the Bandung Administrative Court ruled that the plaintiff's report was void or canceled because it lacked the authority to investigate, determine, and settle quo disputes (Constitutional Court, 2024). After this decision was made, the provincial government of West Java actually issued a new environmental permit for PT. Cirebon Energi Prasarana. The judge's ruling is contentious and undoubtedly creates a negative precedent for Indonesian legality and environmental governance (Johar, 2021).

The most recent case stemmed from the judge's decision, which was deemed inappropriate, and was assigned the number 640/PID.B/LH/2021/PT PBR. First, the judges disregarded the presumptio justae causa principle, also known as the het vermoden van rechmatigheid. Second, it is not perceived that community control absolves the business of accountability. Third, the public prosecutor's article is not a formal criminal article; rather, it is a material criminal article, meaning that any act can be considered criminal as long as it is thought to be necessary to complete the offense. The court's decision in this case should be pro-environmental because the judge used an ecocentric approach to legal reasoning. This means that the decision should reject the defendant's appeal and support the court's initial ruling (Jiwanti & Soponyono, 2022).

Furthermore, a judge's decisions play a significant part in achieving pro-environmental justice. The jury's decision as an output is also heavily impacted by the inputs, which include the understanding and methodology employed. Specifically, the idea that man is the center of the universe's system—that is, the anthropocentric perspective—is primarily to blame for the philosophical error that underlies the current environmental degradation problem. Consequently, it is imperative to practice ecological consciousness from an ecocentric perspective, which holds that the environment has rights equivalent to human rights to life. Judges who adopt an ecocentric approach will consider environmental sustainability when selecting the cases to be considered (Jiwanti & Soponyono, 2022).

The three cases mentioned above demonstrate how formal legal rationality continues to be the dominant pattern in Indonesian court decisions. Practical law development ought to be focused on a reflexive kind of rationality in order to establish good court governance. The process of making this transition involves moving from the formal to the substantive and finally to the reflexive forms of legal reasoning (Respationo & Hamzah, 2013). To fulfill the objectives of the PPLH Act, cases involving environmental destruction should be settled by a special court. A sense of ecological justice for the struggles of civil society impacted by environmental damage can be achieved through the creation of a special environmental court (Junef & Husain, 2021).

As previously explained, the court judge's ruling above maintained the existence of the "Trias Politika" doctrine in Indonesian law. This doctrine was inspired by Emmanuel Kant or Montesquieu, and then developed by John Locke in his teaching. “Separation of Power”. This teaching explains, “There can be no liberty when the legislative and executive powers are joined in the same person or body of lords because it is to be feared that the monarch or body will make tyrannical laws to be administered in a tyrannical way. Furthermore, if the judicial authority is not kept apart from the legislative and executive branches, then no liberty exists." The interpretation of this teaching clarifies that when the legislative, executive, and judicial branches are concentrated in one hand or body, independence cannot exist. A "tyranny of power" can result from one person or body having too much power(Respationo & Hamzah, 2013), allowing the ruling party to overturn a court judge's decision.