Development is an extensive process that considers the dynamic transformations that occur in societal, cultural, and governmental structure. Economic development includes initiatives to enhance the quality of life within an economy by transitioning from a state of slow growth and low wages to one characterized by innovation and higher income levels. Human development aims to enhance individuals’ living conditions by empowering them to attain greater levels of physical well-being, education, and economic prosperity. An increasing number of businesses are able to identify measures of human progress, such as higher levels of education, and constantly advancing technology. The HDI is a quantitative metric that evaluates human welfare by considering three essential aspects of human development: longevity, educational attainment, and material living conditions (Rahim et al., 2022). According to (Hasbi et al., 2023), the assessment of human welfare in Indonesia relies on the HDI, which primarily focuses on measuring material wealth and overlooks nonmaterial aspects. Hence, the HDI requires greater comprehensiveness as a measure of human progress. Consequently, several studies have analyzed the HDI in terms of its theoretical foundation and conceptual applications. The Islamic Human Development Index quantifies the extent to which essential human needs are fulfilled, enabling individuals to achieve a contented existence in both the present world and the hereafter, ultimately attaining well-being.

Development is a complex process that encompasses significant changes in social structures, shifts in people's viewpoints, and adjustments to national institutions (Todaro & Smith, 2006). Humans are not just passive beneficiaries of development but are also expected to actively drive it and contribute significantly to a nation's progress. The effectiveness of development efforts can sometimes be evaluated based on the progress of the concept from its inception. GDP or GNP serves as a standard for assessing the degree of accomplishment attained in development. The evaluation of development's advancement depends on the production of concrete goods and services (Aydin, 2017) (Natadipurba, 2016).

The level of human development in Indonesia has been consistently rising. The Central Bureau of Statistics released a report stating that Indonesia has maintained an HDI rating of over 70 since 2016, signifying a notably high level of national human development. Indonesia is ranked 114th out of 191 countries in the 2021 HDI edition, with an HDI score of 0.705. According to the (Report, 2022), Indonesia is classified as a nation with a significant level of human development. Although Indonesia's HDI has increased, several problems must be addressed. In particular, the HDI gap between provinces remains relatively large. The Special Region of Yogyakarta and DKI Jakarta are projected to have the highest rank (80 ≤ HDI ≤ 100) in 2022, while Papua, West Papua, East Nusa Tenggara, West Sulawesi, West Kalimantan, West Nusa Tenggara, North Maluku, and Gorontalo are projected to have the lowest rank (60 ≤ HDI ≤ 70) (Statistik, 2023).

These disparities stem from inequalities in access to basic needs such as education, health, and public services, which hinder the achievement of human rights and social justice ((Dalimunthe & Imsar, 2023); (Goldameir et al., 2021)). Disparities in HDI highlight the need for targeted interventions to reduce inequalities and ensure fair and equal access to basic needs, particularly in marginalized areas or regions that fall into the moderate HDI category. In addition, the slow development of non-material dimensions, the impact of the pandemic, and the challenges of measuring HDI based on Maqashid Sharia are crucial issues that require comprehensive attention and solutions. Efforts to narrow the gap, strengthen the non-material dimension, increase resilience to crises, and develop appropriate Maqashid Sharia-based HDI indicators should be the main focus for achieving human development in line with Indonesian Islamic values.

The IHDI indicator is suitable for assessing the developmental circumstances in a country mostly inhabited by Muslims, since it comprehensively evaluates five crucial components of the standard of living experienced by an individual who follows the Islamic faith. The above enumeration outlines the five fundamental components of Islamic economics. These are often referred to as Maqashid Shariah. The first of these five necessary characteristics is religion. Preservation of faith, life, and lineage is essential. The preservation of lineage (Hifdzu an-Nasl), intellect (Hifdzu al-Aql), and wealth (Hifdzu al-Maal) includes safeguarding one's financial assets and resources. It is crucial to analyze these five fundamental features (Herianingrum et al., 2019). According to (Purwanto et al., 2021), the government should adopt the Islamic HDI. In addition to the many shortcomings of the HDI, the Islamic HDI is more comprehensive and aligns with religious principles embraced by the majority of Indonesian society.

The study was conducted by (Rahim et al., 2022), and the I-HDI had a considerable impact on the HDI in Jakarta Province. The mean number of years of schooling and the distribution of the education budget significantly impact the Al-Aql element, which refers to individuals' cognitive capacity. The Al-Aql variable is crucial for evaluating the quality of human resources. The Ad-Dien factor has a substantial impact on the HDI and the variables of Hajj and crime rate. The An-Nafs factor has a considerable impact on HDI, specifically on the life expectancy rate. The An-Nafs factor also significantly impacts the HDI when considering the population variable.

In contrast, the Al-Mal factor notably influences HDI in relation to GDP. This study suggests that the government should actively support human development by focusing on the Inequality-Adjusted I-HDI research conducted by (Putri & Mintaroem, 2020), which revealed that three out of four independent variables-namely economic growth, government spending on education, and government expenditure on health-had a positive and statistically significant impact on I-HDI. Zakat, infaq, and sadaqah had little impact on I-HDI, according to (Koyimah et al., 2020). Based on this study, the degree of human development in West Java Province, as evaluated using the I-HDI, fell below the desired standards. Currently, the Ad-Dien Index, Index-Nasl, and Al-Mal Index values are low. The I-HDI values of cities and counties were quite low, while those of Cimahi, Bogor, and Bandung fell within a moderate range. Among the three cities in the I-HDI category, Bandung attained the highest value, with an index value that included Ad-Dien, An-Nafs, Al-Aql, and Al-Mal. Bandung achieved the position of being the most efficient and effective contributor. This study was conducted by (Hasbi et al., 2023), who demonstrated that the combination of economic growth, health expenditure, and zakat-h enhances both HDI and I-HDI. Although educational expenditure positively influences I-HDI, it also has a negative effect. This research proposes that, while developing budget policies, the government should prioritize not only tangible factors but also intangible elements that are represented in the I-HDI model.

In 2022, Indonesia's HDI moved into the high category. However, if the HDI data are broken down by province, you will see that there are still eight provinces with moderate development indices (Report, 2022). According to (Anto, 2010), most of Indonesia's population is Muslim. As a result, the HDI in Indonesia would be more accurate if it had been calculated using the Maqashid Shariah approach. Considering the data and phenomena presented above, it is essential to conduct additional research on the elements that influence the HDI in the province by employing the Maqashid Shariah methodology. For the findings of this study to serve as an example for the government in formulating policies about human development in the region, the objective of this research is to gather information about the elements that need to be considered and improved in the province.

Human Development Index

Human development is a quantitative measure used to assess the level of development in a nation or region. This approach focuses on enhancing human quality as the focal point of progress. The fundamental assumption of this concept is that prioritizing highly skilled and talented people is more important and leads to better results than simply viewing individuals as objects of development (Ul Haq, 1995). Mahbub ul Haq and Amartya Sen, prominent economists from Pakistan and India, respectively, are renowned advocates of the concept of human development, as shown in the study by (Rama & Yusuf, 2019). These two individuals were influential advocates of progressive concepts in national human development to advance higher levels of well-being.

The HDI encompasses three fundamental dimensions of human existence: health, education, and income. The health component includes all essential elements for a prolonged and robust life. In contrast, education pertains to acquiring knowledge, and income is associated with an improved quality of life. Life expectancy at birth is used to evaluate the health component. Two metrics are used to assess educational achievement: the average number of years that adults have finished their education and the anticipated number of years that children are likely to complete. These metrics reflect adult educational attainment and the expected length of schooling for children upon entering school. Ultimately, income is determined by gross national income (GNI) per capita. The three main indices are calculated based on each parameter. The indices referred to are life expectancy, education, and GNI (Hasbi et al., 2023).

Maqasid Shariah

The notion of advancement in Islam encompasses a broader spectrum than secular progress does. Therefore, the concept of development in Islam is comprehensive. It is applied in various fields of the economy, including monetary policy, Islamic social finance, Islamic banking, and societal and annual reports of Islamic commercial banks ((Al-ayubi, 2021); (Anisa et al., 2020)(Rofiq & Hasbi, 2022)(Soemitra et al., 2021). The most important goal of human development is affluence. In Islam, well-being is significant for the current existence and progress of Islamic economics. To ensure the well-being of humans in both their present and future, it is crucial to ensure that the fulfillment of human desires is fair and beneficial.

Maqashid Shariah represents the ultimate goal and foundational concept of Islamic law. The objectives of Maqasid in Islamic law are classified into several categories based on the degree of necessity. These categories are based on urgency of the objective, the inclusiveness of its target audience, and the universality of the goal. The degree of need is classified into three categories: essential needs (Daruriyat), supplementary needs (Hajiyat), and complementary needs (Tahsiniyat). Basic requirements (Daruriyat) are fundamental elements that, if lacking, can lead to disorder within a nation's framework. Complementary requirements, or Hajiyat, are vital elements that support human life. Aesthetic needs, also known as Tahsiniyat, are closely linked to principles of morality and ethics. The core requirements, also known as Daruriyat, consist of five basic principles referred to as Al-Dharuriyat al-Khams. These principles include the protection of religion (Hifzu al-Din), life (Hifzu al-Nafs), and intellect (Hifzu al-Aql). They also include safeguarding progeny (Hifzu al- Nasl) and protecting wealth (Hifzu al-Mal) (Auda, 2011) (Ridwan et al., 2023) (Taufikurohman et al., 2022).

Previous research has used the Maqasid Shariah method to evaluate the Human Development Index. Including the research undertaken by (Sardini et al., 2023), the data indicate that the variables Hifzu al-Nafs and Hifzu al-Nasl considerably influence Human Development Index. Conversely, Hifzu al- Aql and Hifzu al-Mal did not significantly affect the Human Development Index. (Sabar et al., 2020) found that Maqasid Shariah has significant effects on the HDI. Hifzu al-Aql and Hifzu al-Nashl have significant effects on the HDI. Hifzu al-Din significantly affects the HDI through the poverty rate variable. Life Expectancy is a trait that is affected by Hifzu al-Nafs in significant ways.

However, Hifzu al-Mal did not have a significant effect on HDI. According to (Huda et al., 2019), the Islamic Human Development Index is a benchmark for assessing human well-being by meeting fundamental needs and promoting well-being in the present life. Maqashid Shariah refers to the principles that preserve religion, life, intellect, lineage (honor), and wealth. These five fundamental necessities must be fulfilled for humanity to attain Maslahah. Similarly, (Rahim et al., 2022) found that the primary impact is on the Al-Aql component, measured by Mean Years School (MYS), and the allocation of education budget funds. The ad-Dien variable significantly impacts Human Development Index in relation to the Hajj variable and crime rate. The an-Nafs variable significantly affects the Human Development Index through the life expectancy rate. The an-Nafs variable also significantly affects the Human Development Index through the population variable.

In contrast, the al-Mal variable considerably impacts the HDI in relation to GDP. The gaps in prior research, compared to the current study, lie in the persistent inconsistencies in findings. Additionally, previous studies focused only on individual regions. They employed qualitative methods, whereas the present study analyzed multiple provinces in Indonesia with moderate HDI classifications using quantitative methods, specifically panel data regression with EViews-12 software.

Previous research has used the Maqasid Shariah method to evaluate the Human Development A hypothesis is often used as a provisional forecast in decision-making and problem-solving and serves as the foundation for further study. Drawing on the description and evaluation of existing literature, this study proposes the following hypotheses: H1 :

This study utilized a quantitative research method, specifically panel data. Panel data is a dataset that combines information from cross-sectional and time-series data Widarjono, (2013). The cross-sectional data comprised eight provinces classified as having a medium HDI. The researchers selected provinces with medium HDI due to disparities in development across provinces, unequal recovery rates, and the absence of any provinces in the low HDI category. The study sample included the provinces of Papua, West Papua, East Nusa Tenggara, West Sulawesi, West Kalimantan, West Nusa Tenggara, North Maluku, and Gorontalo.

Furthermore, data were collected for the period of 2019–2022. The data collection process involved obtaining information from official sources on the Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) website. The research approach employed an empirical panel data regression model using EViews-12. The ordinary least squares (OLS) linear regression method was used. This study aimed to determine the direction of the correlation between variables and whether each variable shows a positive or negative or no association (Damodar, 2003). The indicators for each independent variable in this study are as follows:

The model equation is as follows:

The data analysis procedures in this study included regression model selection and hypothesis testing. It is essential to select the model prior to processing the panel data. If it is hypothesized that there is a correlation between mistake I and the independent variable X, then the fixed effects model would be more appropriate. If there is no correlation between mistake I and the independent variable X, the random effects model would be a more appropriate choice. Hypothesis testing is conducted to determine the relationships or effects between variables. Panel data estimation techniques can be categorized as follows.:

Common Effect

Yi,t = α + βX _i,t + e_i,t

The common effect approach is a straightforward strategy that assumes the pooled data accurately representing the current circumstances. The regression analysis findings are universally applicable to all entities and time periods.

Fixed Effect

Yi,t = αi + βX_i,t + γD_i,t + ….. + γD _i,t + e_i,t

The model includes the total number (N-i) of dummy variables (Dit); however, the other dummy is excluded to prevent perfect collinearity among explanatory variables.

Random Effect

Yi,t = α + βX _i,t + e_i,t

ei,t = ui + vt + W_i,t

The cross-sectional error component is denoted as ui, the time-series error component is denoted as Vit, and the combined error component is denoted as Wit. It is hypothesized that individual error components have weaker correlations with each other compared to combined errors. Using a random effects model preserves degrees of freedom, unlike fixed effects models, which reduce them. This implies that the estimated results will be more efficient.

The following sections outline the tests used to select the most appropriate model based on the data's properties.

Model selection is conducted using the F test, which involves formulating the following hypotheses:

H0 : α1 = α2 = …. = αn (intercept same / common effect)

H1 : α1 ≠ α2 ≠ …. ≠ αn (intercept differ / fixed effect)

Fstat =

RSS1 is the sum of squared residuals for the common effects model, and RSS2 is for the fixed effects model. The variables n, t, and k represent the number of cross-sections, time periods, and parameters, respectively.

Hausman Test

The choice between the fixed effects approach and random effects models was determined using the Hausman test. The hypotheses of the Hausman test is as follows: H0 assumes the random effects model is appropriate, while H1 suggests the fixed effects model is preferred. The null hypothesis (H0) is rejected if the p-value of the Hausman test is less than the chosen significance threshold (α = 0.05).

This study was conducted between 2019 and 2022. To obtain the research findings, researchers identified the optimal models for this study. The common effects model (CEM), fixed effects model (FEM), and random effects model (REM) are three commonly used statistical analysis models. The researchers used the Chow test to determine the superior model between FEM and CEM.

The data table indicates a probability value of 0.0030, which is below the threshold of 0.05. Consequently, a fixed effects model (FEM) was used. The null assumption (Ho) was rejected, suggesting that the fixed effects model was appropriate. FEM is more appropriate than CEM for estimating panel data. The best model between the FEM and the random effects model (REM) was determined using the Hausman test.

The Hausman test is a statistical test used to evaluate the optimal model for panel data regression. This test evaluated the fixed effects model compared to the random effects model. The decision-making procedure relies on determining whether the p-value for the random cross-section is equal to or greater than the significance level of 0.05. The null hypothesis (H0) is accepted if this condition is satisfied. Therefore, the random effects model (REM) was the most suitable for this situation. Because the p-value of the random cross-section is less than or equal to 0.05, the different theory (H1) is deemed valid. The fixed effects model (FEM) is more suitable in this particular situation.

According to the data shown in the table, the probability value was 0.8866, which is above the threshold of 0.05. Hence, the REM was used. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct a Lagrange Multiplier (LM) test. The Lagrange Multiplier test was used to determine the optimal choice between the REM and OLS models.

Based on the results of the LM test, the test developed by Breusch had a significance value of 0.3224, which is above the criterion of 0.05. CEM was determined to be more appropriate model for estimation. The optimal regression selection test indicated that the CEM was the outcome.

Using the information provided in the table, the regression equation is formulated as follows:

Y = -104570.8 + 0.050797(X1) - 13.52379(X2) + 14.24885(X3) - 0.891484(X4) - 147.787(X5) + e

The results of the regression coefficient test suggest that the value of -104570.8 is consistently negative. If all the variables Hifzu al-Din (X1), Hifzu al-Nafs (X2), Hifzu al-Aql (X3), Hifzu al-Nasl (X4), and Hifzu al-Mal (X5) are set to zero, the HDI variable (Y) will have a value of -104570.8. The regression coefficient for X1 is 0.05079, indicating a direct correlation. This implies that a 1% increase in X1 leads to a 1.50% increase in the HDI. The regression coefficient for the X2 variable is -13.52379, suggesting a negative correlation. This indicates that a 1% increase in X2 results in a 1.35% decrease in the HDI. The regression coefficient for X3 was 14.24885, indicating a direct positive correlation. These findings indicate that a 1% increase in X3 leads to a 1.45% increase in the HDI. The regression coefficient for X4 is -0.891484, showing a negative correlation. These findings indicate that an increase of one percent in X4 leads to a decrease of 1.89% in the HDI. The regression coefficient for X5 was -147.7871, suggesting a negative correlation. These findings indicate that a 1% increase in X5 leads to a 1.47% decrease in the HDI.

T Test Results (Partial)

A t-test was employed to assess the impact of variable X, which was independent of the dependent variable (Y). The requirements for the test in this study involved assessing the probability t-statistic using an alpha value (0.05). If the possibility advantage is below 0.05, it indicates a statistically significant effect of variable X on variable Y. The results of the partial t-test were as follows:

The table indicates that X1 has a probability value of 0.0462, which is less than the threshold value of 0.05. This suggests that X1 has a statistically significant and favorable effect on HDI (Y). The p-value of 0.2503 for X2 exceeds the significance threshold of 0.05, suggesting that X2 does not have a significant impact on HDI (Y). X3 has a probability value of 0.0459, which is below the threshold of 0.05. These findings suggest that X3 has a significant and favorable influence on HDI, Y. Variable X4 has a probability value of 0.9834, which is greater than the significance level of 0.05, suggesting that it does not have a statistically significant influence on HDI (Y). Variable X5, with a probability value of 0.8288 greater than 0.05, suggests that Hifzu al-Maal does not have a statistically significant influence on HDI (Y).

F-Test (Simultaneous)

An F-test was conducted to determine whether the independent variables (X) collectively had a simultaneous effect on the dependent variable (Y). The circumstances of the examination were assessed by contrasting the probability (F-stat) using a significance threshold (alpha) of 0.05. If the probability (Prob) value of the F-statistic was below the significance threshold (alpha) of 0.05, the independent variable had a statistically significant effect on the dependent variable. Based on the table, the p-value of 0.00 <0.05, indicating that the independent variables (X) have a highly significant collective effect on the dependent variable (Y).

Based on the table, the p-value of 0.00 <0.05, indicating that the independent variables (X) have a highly significant collective effect on the dependent variable (Y).

Test Coefficient of Determination (R2)

The coefficient of determination (R²) measures the extent to which the model explains the variance in the dependent variable. Based on the data, the R² value of 0.795372 indicates that approximately 79.5% of the variation in HDI is explained by the independent variables in this study. The remaining 20.5% is attributed to other factors not included in the model.

Effect of Hifzu al-Nasl (X4) on HDI

Based on the partial test results (t) listed in Table 6, the p-value for X1 is 0.0462, which is below the threshold of 0.05. Furthermore, it has an advantageous coefficient. The results suggest that the level of religious adherence, as assessed by the ratio of zakat to GDP per capita, has a significant beneficial effect on HDI. Therefore, an increase in the payment for zakat results in a proportional increase in HDI. According to a survey conducted by (Verlitya, 2017), his research suggests that increasing zakat contributions will result in a proportional increase in the HDI in all regions and towns in Aceh.

Similarly, in a study conducted by (Sabar et al., 2020), the findings of this study suggest that Hifdzu al-Din has a significant impact on the Human Development Index (HDI) for the poverty rate variable, according to (Rahim et al., 2022). The al-Din factor has a notable impact on the Human Development Index (HDI) concerning the variables of Hajj and crime rate.

Effect of Hifzu al-Nafs (X2) on HDI

Based on the results of the partial t-test (t) shown in Table 6, it is apparent that X2 has an estimated value of 0.2503, which exceeds 0.05. Furthermore, it has a negative coefficient. This suggests that safeguarding’s well-being (Hifzu al-Nafs) of X2, as represented by the poverty rate, does not affect the HDI. HDI is a multidimensional index comprising three main components: health, education, and standard of living. Although poverty is closely related to the standard of living, its effects on health and education are sometimes immediately visible. For example, access to healthcare services exists in provinces with a moderate Human Development Index (HDI), such as Papua and East Nusa Tenggara; however, the quality and availability differ from those in regions with a high HDI. The presence of medical staff, healthcare facilities, and mental health programs may have influenced the preservation of the soul (Hifzu al-Nafs). Moreover, inadequate security or regional disputes may obstruct attempts to preserve this dimension, as observed in some regions of Papua. This is why Hifzu al-Nafs does not influence HDI, as per research conducted by Maulana et al. (2022), whose research suggests that X2, as measured by the poverty rate in Central Java, does not impact the HDI. In contrast, studies conducted by (Sabar et al., 2020) and (Sardini et al., 2023) demonstrated that the Hifzu al-Nafs variable significantly impacts the Human Development Index. According to (Rahim et al., 2022), the al-Nafs factor has a substantial impact on the Human Development Index (HDI) in relation to life expectancy and population.

Effect of Hifzu al-Aql (X3) on HDI

From the results of the partial test presented in Table 6, it is clear that X3 has a p-value of 0.0459, which is below the threshold of 0.05. In addition, it has a positive coefficient. This indicates that maintaining a sharp intellect, or X3, as assessed by literacy, significantly enhances the HDI. Therefore, a direct relationship exists between the prevalence of literacy and the HDI, indicating that as the literacy rate increases, so does the HDI, according to a study conducted by (Mursyidah et al., 2022), The findings of his study indicate that Hifzu al-Aql, as assessed by the literacy rate, has a substantial and favorable impact on the HDI in Indonesia. Similarly, a study conducted by (Sabar et al., 2020) demonstrates that Hifzu al-Aql has a noteworthy impact on HDI. (Rahim et al., 2022) found that the element of al-Aql, represented by the mean years of schooling and the percentage of the education budget, has the most significant impact. This is because the al-Aql variable plays a crucial role in determining the quality of human resources (HR). In contrast, as stated by (Sardini et al., 2023), Hifdzu’ Development Index is not significantly influenced by Hifzu al-Aql.

Effect of Hifzu al-Nasl (X4) on HDI

From the results of the partial test (t) shown in Table 6, it is clear that variable X4 has a p-value of 0.9834, which exceeds the threshold of 0.05. In addition, it has a negative coefficient. This indicates that the act of preserving Hifzu al-Nasl, measured by population increase, had no impact on HDI. Researchers believe that Hifzu al-Nasl has no effect because the indicators for Hifzu al-Nasl inadequately represent actual situations, since they assess birth and marriage rates while neglecting the quality of child education and protection. Furthermore, researchers posit that the execution of government policies has not been uniformly applied across different regions, particularly in remote or underdeveloped areas. Disparities in access to and quality of services may result in Hifzu al-Nasl not demonstrating a significant overall effect, according to a study conducted by (Lembang et al., 2023). The study conducted by (Sabar et al., 2020); (Sardini et al., 2023) demonstrated that the Hifzu al-Nasl variable significantly impacted the Human Development Index, specifically the life expectancy variable.

Effect of Hifzu al-Maal (X5) on HDI

According to the partial test results (t) in Table 6, it is evident that the variable X5 has a p-value of 0.8288, which is greater than 0.05. In addition, it has a negative coefficient value. This indicates that maintaining the property of Hifzu al-Mal, as measured by the Gini ratio, negatively impacts HDI. Consequently, when inequality increases, HDI decreases. According to a study done by (Atmojo, 2017). The findings of this study indicate that X5, as assessed by the Gini ratio, does not affect the HDI. Likewise, according to (Fathur et al., 2023); (Sabar et al., 2020); (Sardini et al., 2023), Hifzu al-Mal did not significantly affect the Human Development Index. Recent studies by (Bahtiar & Hannase, 2021); (Rahim et al., 2022) have shown that the al-Mal factor substantially affects the Human Development Index (HDI). Welfare is assessed based only on income or wealth, neglecting wealth distribution, the protection of property rights, and access to economic possibilities. Moreover, experts claim that access to quality employment and secure wages significantly impacts an individual’s well-being. Nonetheless, several regions continue to have job prospects and economic development difficulties, while robust property rights protection may mitigate poverty and enhance the quality of life. These initiatives positively influence the Human Development Index (HDI).

Economic state does not just determine a nation's prosperity; its inhabitants' progress is also a crucial factor in achieving national well-being. The Maqashid Shariah approach may be employed to evaluate human progress within the Islamic framework. Maqashid Shariah represents the fundamental objective or underlying premise of Islamic law. The five aspects of Maqashid Shariah are protecting religion, life, intellect, progeny, and wealth. The findings show that the variables Hifzu al-Din and Hifzu al-Aql significantly influenced the HDI. However, the variables Hifzu al-Nafs, Hifzu al-Nasl, and Hifzu al-Mal did not significantly influence the HDI. All research variables have a simultaneous influence on the HDI. These factors had a significant influence of 79.5% on the HDI variable. The remaining 20.5% was due to variables that were not examined in this study.

This study aims to greatly enhance the measurement of the human development index using the Maqasid Shariah framework, encompassing Hifzu al-Din, Hifzu al-Nafs, Hifzu al-Aql, Hifzu al-Nasl, and Hifzu al-Mal. The recommendations derived from this study include enhancing the quality of the data and measurements for Maqashid Sharia variables, particularly Hifzu al-Nafs, Hifzu al-Nasl, and Hifzu al-Mal. Furthermore, enhancing and ensuring equal access to fundamental services, including healthcare, education, and social protection, in provinces with moderate Human Development Index (HDI) should be prioritized. The formulation of integrated policies that include elements of Maqashid Shariah in human development programs is strongly recommended. Enhancing the public consciousness of the significance of safeguarding life, progeny, and assets through educational initiatives and social campaigns may stimulate active community engagement in development programs. Furthermore, engagement with religious organizations may facilitate the dissemination and implementation of the principles of Maqasid Sharia in human development programs. Implementing these proposals aims to enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of human development initiatives in Indonesia, which align with the comprehensive Maqashid Shariah principles.