Disaster Mitigation Policy by The Government Of Bima In Realizing A Disaster Resilient City

The purpose of this research is to describe the local government policies in realizing Bima as a Disaster Resilient City and to describe the form of disaster mitigation policies by the Bima government in realizing a Disaster Resilient City. Research method of this research is normative-empirical legal research (Mix Methods), using a statutory approach (Statute Approach), and a conceptual approach, the type of data used is secondary data and is supported by primary data. The result shows that the disaster mitigation policy efforts developed by the Bima City government are in the form of Structural (Physical) Mitigation, drainage systems, retention dams, construction of retaining dams, making check dams, dams, earthquake-resistant house river embankments. Non-Structural (Non-Physical) Mitigation legislation, training, socialization. The policy forms of the Bima Government indicate that a Regional Regulation is made which includes the establishment of development policies that pose a risk of disaster, disaster prevention activities, emergency response and rehabilitation. In addition, other policies are 7 priority Regional Resilience Index (IKD

researchers and the Government in particular in studying how disaster mitigation policy arrangements by Bima Government in order to realize Disaster Resilient City.The authenticity of this research lies in the regulation of disaster mitigation policies, as far as the authors search that the policies carried out by the City government already exist, but in the post-disaster period, those who have conducted research on other objects.Therefore, it is considered important to do research.Keywords: Policy; Disaster mitigation; Bima City Government; Bima City; Disaster Resilient City.

INTRODOCTION
In the context of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, the 1945 Constitution affirms that in fact all citizens receive guarantees and protection for a decent life, as well as protection from all disasters and environmental damage, this is solely for the purpose of realizing a peaceful and prosperous life.
The term policy is often used interchangeably with other terms such as goals, programs, decisions, legislation, provisions, proposals, and grand designs.Meanwhile, according to Anderson in Islamy defines policy as a series of actions that have a specific purpose that is followed and carried out by an actor or group of actors in order to solve certain problems (Widodo, J: 2021).If interpreted and studied critically, the policy described by Anderson above shows that the government as an actor or group of actors has the authority to make a series of policy actions in order to solve a problem faced based on the applicable laws and regulations.
Policy according to Philipus M. Hadjon quoted by Ridwan HR in his book entitled "Hukum Administrasi Negara", Policy regulations are essentially a product of state administrative actions aimed at naar buiten gebracht schricftelijk beleid, namely showing a written policy.Policy regulations only have function as part of the operational implementation of government's duties, therefore they cannot change or deviate from statutory regulations.This regulation is a kind of shadow law of the law or law.Therefore, this regulation is referred to as psudo wetgeving (pseudo legislation) or spigelsrecht (shadow law/mirror) (Ridwan HR: 2018).
The importance of disaster mitigation policies as an effort to overcome and prevent flood disasters.Policy is a stipulation by the government that has the authority so that it applies in accordance with the objectives to be achieved and is characterized by consistent and repeated Vol. 7, No. 1, 2022, pp. 46-62 e-ISSN : 2549-8282 https://journals2.ums.ac.id/index.php/laj/article/view/758behavior, both from those who make it and those who obey it (who are affected by the policy).
For this reason, the policy is considered important to minimize conditions and situations that are considered problematic which must be taken seriously by the government (Sahya Anggara:

2018).
The problem is from the policy aspect of the Bima Regional Government, as the party who has the responsibility in this matter, must have a concept that can provide a construction of thought to overcome flood disasters as confirmed in the 1945 Constitution as the legal basis for the nation and state.The government's efforts in dealing with flood victims can actually be carried out through emergency response, disaster mitigation, and reconstruction, both building reconstruction and psychological reconstruction for disaster victims.However, the problem of the flood disaster is not only a problem for the government as a policy maker, but this problem concerns all elements of society.Therefore, an understanding of disaster is absolutely necessary for anyone so that victims can be minimized.So far, the community's preparation for disaster mitigation is also very minimal (Kartika, K., Mu'alim, A., &Fadhilah, R. F. R: 2018).
Regional autonomy policies are intended to empower local governments and bring and optimize basic services to the community.At the same time, there should also be resource management and disaster risk in the characteristics of the area concerned.However, this policy is often understood only as the freedom to use resources, without being accompanied by an awareness to manage it responsibly.The shift of authority from the center to the regions is often not accompanied by the transfer of responsibility for services and protection to the community.
As a result, when a disaster occurs, local responses tend to be slow and often expect an immediate response from the central government.This situation becomes more complicated if the disaster covers more than one area.On the other hand, in case of a disaster, the lack of coordination between levels of government hinders the implementation of a fast, optimal and effective response.In addition, public awareness is still lacking (Academic Paper of the Draft Law on Disaster Management).
Flood disaster mitigation policy efforts can be carried out in the form of development which includes strengthening buildings that are considered potentially affected by flood disasters.In addition, flood disaster mitigation can be carried out in the form of providing understanding to the community in the form of socialization, training, making laws and regulations, making information boards regarding locations that have the potential for flood disasters.This can also be done by empowering the community and local government and disaster mitigation also needs to be done to prevent, overcome, and reduce the occurrence of disasters, both before the disaster occurs and after the disaster occurs (Suwaryo, P. A. W., & Yuwono, P: 2017).
The most basic problem (1) On December 21, 2016, December 23, 2016 and January 02, 2017 Bima City, NTB Province, a very basic flash flood disaster occurred, especially in residential areas more than 50 meters from the river.Urban areas are flood-affected areas with varying flood inundation heights, ranging from 1 to 4 meters.The main factor causing flooding is high rainfall, in addition to hydrometeorological factors, flooding in Bima is caused by various factors, including the Bima area as a basin, the loss of function of the river border which is currently a residential area, silting in the downstream part of the river, urban drainage systems poor condition, reduced vegetation cover upstream, and river narrowing (Yuniartanti, R. K: 2018).
The same incident occurred in Bima, where flash floods damaged a number of houses of residents from several sub-districts were submerged and one connecting bridge was cut off by the swift flow of the overflowing river.The flood was triggered by high-intensity rain so that the river's water discharge in the northern part of Bima overflowed into residential areas.The water level entering the residents' houses is more than one meter.This flood was due to heavy rains on December 6, 2021, there were around 16 urban villages in Bima affected by the flood, including Jatibaru, Jatiwangi, Santi, Nae, Sarae, Melayu and Ule Villages.The flood also submerged Kendo, Ntobo, Nae, Kendo, Pena nae, Penaraga, Pena toi, Mpunda and Lewirato villages.Meanwhile, the broken bridge is in Jatibaru Village.The bridge that connects Bima with Wera District, Bima Regency has hampered the activities of residents.The bridge was cut off due to heavy river currents due to heavy rains, so that people's travel activities were hampered and detrimental (Kompas.com, 2021).
Therefore, the implementation of the Bima Government's Policy shows that there are still weaknesses, both in implementation and legally, it has not run optimally, there are still problems and obstacles faced in the implementation.This is marked by Flood Disaster Prevention, Flood Disaster Emergency Management, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction of flood disasters.This can be understood through policies to increase the capacity of local governments in dealing with flood disasters through disaster prevention and preparedness.The policy is set out in the form of regional development in disaster-prone areas which is directed at the integration of disaster mitigation actions in the form of structural (physical) mitigation and non-structural mitigation (regulations and policies) (Ramadoan, S: 2018).
To realize a disaster-resilient city as discussed also in this study in order to realize Indonesia's disaster management vision, namely realizing National Resilience in Facing Regulation of the head of the national disaster management agency Number 1 of 2012 concerning general guidelines for village/sub-district resilience has explained that a Disaster-Resilient Village/Sub-district is a village/kelurahan that has the independent ability to adapt and deal with disaster threats, as well as recover from various adverse disaster impacts, if it is hit by a disaster.Therefore, a village/sub-district can be said to be resilient to disasters when a village or sub-district can recognize threats in its area and is able to organize community resources to reduce vulnerability and at the same time increase capacity to reduce disaster risk.
This capability is manifested in development planning that includes prevention efforts, preparedness, disaster risk reduction and capacity building for post-emergency recovery (Regulation of the head of National Board for Disaster Management No. 01 of 2012).
To support the realization of Bima as a disaster-resilient city, the Government of Bima in this case has issued policy arrangements in the form of legislation, namely Bima Regional Disaster management should not be handled after the disaster occurred, but should be considered by the Government of Bima as an effort in disaster management before the disaster occurred.This is what the Bima Government must do in disaster management efforts before the disaster occurs, so that Bima's mission as a disaster-resilient city can be realized.

RESEARCH METHOD
This research method is normative-empirical legal research (Mix Methods), with the approach used is the statutory approach (Statute Approach), and conceptual approach, the type of data used is secondary data and is supported by primary or secondary data.Equipped with primary data from the facts that occurred in the field.Normative-empirical research is a type of research that uses secondary data (from the library) and is supported by primary data based on field research, such as observations, interviews and surveys (Irwansyah, 2021).
Approach is defined as an attempt to establish a relationship with people or methods to reach an understanding of the research problem.Approach is also defined as a means to understand and direct the problem under study (Muhaimin: 2020).The approach used in this study uses a statutory approach (Statute Approach), a conceptual approach, a socio-legal approach (Socio-Legal), and an analytical approach (Irwansyah: 2021).
Legislative approach (statute approach), this approach is carried out by reviewing all laws and regulations related to legal issues that are being discussed and researched.The statutory approach will see the law as a closed system which has the following characteristics: (1) Comprehensive means that the legal norms in it are logically related to one another; (2) Allinclusive that the set of legal norms is sufficient to accommodate existing legal problems so that there will be no shortage of law; (3) Systematic that in addition to being related to one another, the legal norms are also systematically arranged.(Muhaimin: 2020).
The conceptual approach is a type of legal research that provides an analytical point of view of problem solving in legal research seen from the aspects of the legal concepts behind it, or even can be seen from the values contained in the norming of a regulation in relation to the concepts used (Irwansyah: 2021).
The sociology of law approach (Socio-Legal) is empirical legal research or socio-legal research which is another approach model in researching law as an object of research, in this case law based on the development of socio-legal research (Irwansyah: 2021).
Analytical approach, this approach is carried out if the research is intended to examine the meaning of a legal term and is seen in legal practice and court decisions.This research examines the understanding, principles, rules, systems, and juridical concepts (Irwansyah: 2021).

Local Government Policies in Realizing Bima as a Disaster-Resilient City.
Policies can be understood as actions or actions that can be carried out by the competent government.According to Philipus M. Hadjon quoted by Ridwan HR in his book entitled "Law of State Administration", that Policy Regulations are essentially a product of state administration which strives for naar buiten gebracht schiricftelijk beleid, which shows a written policy as outlined in the form of the format or authority of the government as an authorized state official for the achievement of goals and objectives (Ridwan HR: 2018).The Bima Government's policy in tackling the flood disaster in Bima by making a policy is still not able to answer the flood problems that are being experienced by the people of Bima.
1.The policy to strengthen effective and efficient disaster management laws and regulations.2. The policy to increase synergy between ministries/agencies and stakeholders in disaster management.3. The policy of strengthening investment in disaster risk management is in accordance with the projected increase in disaster risk by taking into account spatial planning and regional arrangement.4. The policy to strengthen disaster management governance that are increasingly professional, transparent, and accountable.5.The policy to increase the capacity and capability of responding to disaster emergencies quickly and reliably, and 6.The policy to accelerate post-disaster recovery in disaster-affected areas and communities to build a better life.
As with current national policies and strategies, disaster management efforts are more focused on pre-disaster efforts, one of which is preparedness activities.According to Law no.
24 of 2007 concerning Disaster Management, preparedness is a series of activities carried out to anticipate disasters through organization and through appropriate and efficient steps (training, rehearsals, preparation of facilities and infrastructure, human resources, logistics and financing).
Therefore, policies for disaster management in Indonesia are regulated by Law no.24 of 2007, the policy in Bima, is in line with the Law.In an effort to implement national policies, the Government of Bima has issued a regional regulation (Perda), which was marked by the issuance of Regional  improvement of primary services in the community.2) Monitoring and Evaluation is meant here, starting from continuous monitoring carried out by the local government by the Mayor of Bima and Regional Disaster Management Agency in Bima, reporting, and evaluation.

The Form of Disaster Mitigation Policy by the Bima Government in Realizing a
Disaster Resilient City.
As a government that has responsibility for disaster management, starting from the central government to regional governments that coordinate with each other and have checks and balances authority.This can be understood as a form of the Government's efforts in tackling various kinds of disasters, both natural and non-natural, so it is considered urgent to formulate a policy in a tangible form.Policy forms can be realized as a form of implementation of the government's authorized policies, so as to achieve Bima as a Disaster Resilient City.
A has been achieved in its implementation in knowing the audience themselves.2) message indicator.Where messages or information owned by Regional Disaster Management Agency can be well received and understood by the community themselves.3) media indicators.Where it has been implemented well, by utilizing electronic media and print media, making it easier for information to be known in general.
Disaster mitigation as referred to in Article 47 of Law no.24 of 2007 was carried out to reduce disaster risk for people living in disaster-prone areas.Therefore, risk mitigation is part of disaster risk reduction efforts, namely an effort to reduce community losses caused by natural disaster events.In the context of time, disaster mitigation includes all actions taken before the emergence of a disaster (pre-disaster actions) which include long-term risk reduction actions.
There are four important things in disaster mitigation, namely 1) the availability of information and maps of disaster-prone areas for each type of disaster; 2) socialization to increase public understanding and awareness in dealing with disasters, because they live in disaster-prone areas; 3) knowing what needs to be done and avoided, as well as knowing how to save yourself if a disaster occurs, and 4) setting up and structuring disaster-prone areas to reduce the threat of disasters.
In Ministry of Home Affairs Regulation number 33 of 2006 concerning General Guidelines for Disaster Mitigation, it is said about policies, strategies, and management of disaster mitigation.Policy: Various policies that need to be taken in disaster mitigation include: a.In disaster mitigation efforts, it is necessary to build a common perception for all parties, both the ranks of government officials and all elements of the community whose steps are regulated in general guidelines, implementation instructions and fixed procedures issued by the relevant agencies in accordance with the respective unit's duties.b.The implementation of disaster mitigation is carried out in an integrated coordinated manner that involves all the potential of the government and the community.c.Preventive efforts must be prioritized so that damage and loss of life can be minimized.d.Building strength through collaboration with all parties, through community empowerment and campaigns.( 13) To be able to achieve a certain goal, it is considered important Disaster Mitigation Management, in this case, namely: a. Increasing community preparedness on issues related to disaster risk.b.Improving disaster security in infrastructure and utility systems.c.Improving disaster security in strategic buildings and it is important to strengthen disaster management institutions.d.Improving emergency response capabilities.e. Raising awareness.f.Improving disaster safety in industrial buildings and industrial areas.g.Increasing security against disasters in residential areas and public facilities.h.Improving disaster safety for school buildings and school children.i. Paying attention to disaster safety and earthquake and tsunami and flood resistant building codes in the process of making new construction.j.Increasing the knowledge of experts regarding disaster phenomena, vulnerability to disasters and mitigation techniques k.Including disaster risk assessment procedures in spatial/land use planning.l.
Improving community recovery capacity in the long term after a disaster occurs.
The Government of Bima in this case the Mayor of Bima and Regional Disaster Management Agency Bima has issued a policy on disaster management efforts with the aim of achieving a city that is able to defend against disaster threats which is called a disaster-resilient city as stated in the strategic plan of Regional Disaster Management Agency Bima as follows: training, socialization.However, it is not optimal in its implementation and weaknesses are still found in its implementation.

Recommendation
The suggestions from the authors for the Bima Government that are recommended in the future are as follows: The Bima Regional Government through juridical and conceptual policies, at least must be more effective and efficient in dealing with disasters, their preparedness before the disaster occurs, not after the disaster occurs.And strengthening laws and regulations and their implementation is even more strategic.
The government through the Bima local government has the responsibility in this matter, the strategic plan developed by the Mayor of Bima and the Regional Disaster Management Agency of Bima which was formed from 2019-2023 must optimize further as a form of policy and training, socialization education to the community should be more routine to be carried out based on the Bima Regional Regulation Number 04 of 2014.And other things must also be understood by the Bima City Government, at least a statutory regulation is made regarding the involvement of the Indonesian National Armed Forces, Search and Rescue Agency, and non-governmental institutions such as NGOs, Community Organizations, Student Organizations and others.
Regulation No. 04 of 2014 concerning Disaster Management Organizers.In his consideration, he explained that to anticipate disasters, handle disasters and restore post-disaster conditions, a planned, integrated and comprehensive disaster management effort is needed that involves all the potential that exists in Bima as stipulated by Law Number 24 of 2007 concerning Disaster Management (Local regulation No. 04 of 2014).
is a potential for a disaster to occur as referred to in Article 4 letter b includes: a. preparedness; b. early warning; and c. disaster mitigation, 2) Emergency response, namely, the implementation of disaster management during the emergency response includes: a. rapid and precise assessment of the location, damage, loss, and resources; b. determination of the status of a disaster emergency; c. rescue and evacuation of disaster-affected communities; d. fulfillment of basic needs; e. protection of vulnerable groups; and f. immediate recovery of vital infrastructure and facilities.This can be done by the head of National Board for Disaster Management and Regional Disaster Management Agency and their staff in accordance with their respective authorities.During a disaster emergency, the Head of National Board for Disaster Management and head of Regional Disaster Management Agency are authorized to mobilize human resources, equipment, and logistics from agencies/institutions and the community to carry out emergency response.The deployment of human resources, equipment and logistics as referred to in paragraph (1) includes the request, acceptance and use of human resources, equipment, and logistics.1) Post-disaster referred to here, namely, the implementation of disaster management at the postdisaster stage consists of: a. rehabilitation; and b. reconstruction.At the stage of rehabilitation can be carried out through the following activities: improvement of the disaster area environment; b. improvement of public infrastructure and facilities; c. providing assistance for community housing repairs; d. psychological social recovery; e. health services; f. reconciliation and conflict resolution; g. social, economic, and cultural recovery; h.restoration of security and order; i. restoration of government functions; and j. restoration of the function of public services.While at the stage of reconstruction through the following activities: a. rebuilding of infrastructure and facilities; b. rebuilding community social facilities; c. revitalization of the socio-cultural life of the community; d. application of proper design and use of better and disaster-resistant equipment; e. participation and participation of social institutions and organizations, the business world and the community; f. improvement of social, economic, and cultural conditions; g. improving the function of public services; or h.
1) Legislative Aspect 2) Institutional Aspect a.The establishment of the Mbojo Ma Tenggo PRB Forum in Bima b.Village Disaster Preparedness Team (TSBK) c.Village Disaster Preparedness Team Federation (FTSBK) d.Establishing Inter-Institutional Cooperation 3) Disaster Management Aspect Pre-Disaster/Pre-disaster Handling Services which include prevention, mitigation, and preparedness activities as well as community empowerment which include: a) Improved access to communication and development of an early warning system.b) Data Collection and Mapping of Disaster Risk Areas.c) Preparation of Disaster Risk Analysis document.d) Dissemination of information on potential disasters.e) Preparation of Disaster Management Plan.f) Provide training and counseling on disaster management both to the Disaster Management Team, Related SKPD and the community in general.g) Establishment of a disaster-resilient village.h) Structural and Non-structural Mitigation.4) Planning Aspect 5) Funding Aspect 6) Aspects of Capacity Building and Implementation Aspects at the Pre-Disaster Stage, During Emergency Response and Post-Disaster Recovery Stages.(Regional Disaster Management Agency Strategic Plan in Bima for 2019 -2023)Besides that, the Bima government has issued a juridical policy which is stated in the regional regulation number 04 of 2014 concerning the implementation of disaster management.This can be seen in the following form: (14) 1) Establishing a Disaster Risk Reduction Forum (FPRB) In order to increase community participation as referred to in Article 14 at the city level, a Disaster Risk Reduction Forum may be established.The forum as referred to in paragraph (1) consists of the following elements: Local governments, Non-Governmental the Government of Bima in regulations show that starting from the 1945 Constitution, Law no.24/2007, Government Regulation No.21/2008, Ministry of Home Affairs Regulation No. 33/2006, Presidential Regulation No. 87/2020 and until the Bima Regional Regulation No. 04 of 2014, which includes the establishment of development policies that pose a risk of disaster, disaster prevention activities, emergency response and rehabilitation.This is also not optimal in its implementation, and weaknesses can still be found in the field.The Bima government shows that the disaster mitigation policy efforts developed by the Bima government are in the form of Structural (Physical) Mitigation, drainage systems, retention reservoirs, construction of retaining dams, making check dams, dams, earthquakeresistant house river embankments.Non-Structural (Non-Physical) Mitigation legislation, responsibility, it means that there is a state obligation, therefore, it is the government's duty to provide legal protection for disaster victims.The presence or absence of accountability can be measured through 3 aspects which include consequences and activities, places, and Regulation Number 4 of 2014, concerning the Implementation of Disaster Management.Based on the regulation, what is meant by disaster management is a series of efforts that include the establishment of development policies that pose a risk of disaster, disaster prevention activities, emergency response and rehabilitation.(8) In addition, other policies implemented by Bima government in Paruna sub-district area are in addition to services, they also provide physical forms for flood disaster management, obligation of the state and the government's duty to protect the entire population of Indonesia in Indonesian environment for the happiness of all Indonesian people and all mankind.If there is a state where there is no disaster as referred to in Article 4 letter a includes: a. disaster management planning; b. disaster risk reduction; c. prevention; d. alloying; d. integration in development planning; e. disaster risk analysis requirements; f. implementation and enforcement of spatial plans; g. education and training; and h.technical standard requirements for disaster management.Meanwhile, the implementation of disaster management in situations where there Policy can coordinate with Regency/City, District and Village Governments that are the target of Disaster Resilient Villages, Coordination with Regency/City governments affected by disasters, Coordination with Regency/City Governments and Schools that are targeted for disaster-safe schools/Madrasah, Consultation with the Government Central and coordinate with disaster experts/experts, Coordinate with National Board for Disaster Management and Regional Disaster Management Agencies throughout NTB, prepare plans and budgets, West Nusa Teggara.It is carried out by several factors, the level of communication carried out by the Regional Disaster Management Agency has been carried out well, it can be seen from several factors that become indicators of the implementation of the communication used by the Regional Disaster Management Agency, namely: 1) Audience indicators.Which Vol. 7, No. 1, 2022, pp.46-62 e-ISSN : 2549-8282 https://journals2.ums.ac.id/index.php/laj/article/view/758