Bima Regional Government Policies in The Economic Development of Persons with Disabilities Perspective Inclusive Economic Development Index

This article is the result of research on Bima City Regional Government Policy in Efforts to Develop the Economy of Persons with Disabilities from the Inclusive Economic Development Index Perspective. The method used in this research is the Normative Law research method. With several approaches used, including approximation Legislation, conceptual approach, philosophical approach, comparative approach, and analytical approach. The novelty of this research is the revelation of the Bima City regional government's policy in developing the economy of people with disabilities from an inclusive economic development index perspective that has never been found before. The discussion shows that the regional government of the city of Bima has not been fully able to fulfill the rights of persons with disabilities in the economic development sector. The indications are that there are still quite a lot of people with disabilities scattered in various places in dire conditions. In their daily lives they are forced to beg and expect mercy from others to fulfill their daily needs. Conditions like this are contrary to the goal of achieving an inclusive economic development index in Indonesia. Conclusion, local government policy Bima City in its economic development for people with disabilities can influence increased economic growth and the quality of human resources, however this has not been implemented optimally. There are no concrete policies from the regional government that can support increasing the capacity of human resources for people with disabilities to reduce poverty and inequality. Likewise, the Bima City regional government's efforts to develop the economy of people with disabilities from the perspective of the inclusive economic development index have not been implemented optimally. Economic policies that are not implemented optimally result in a lower quality of life for people with disabilities compared to other members of society.


INTRODUCTION
The Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia guarantees the survival of every citizen, including persons with disabilities who have legal status and have the same human rights as Indonesian citizens and as an inseparable part of Indonesian citizens and society are a mandate and gift from God Almighty to live forward and develop fairly and with dignity.As living creatures, shortcomings are inevitable.Deficiency can appear in each person for different reasons.In Indonesia, there are groups that require special attention from the state and society, namely people with disabilities.The term disabled person became known after the promulgation of Law Number 8 of 2016 on April 15 2016.Article 1 paragraph (1) of the Disabled Persons Law explains that a person with a disability is anyone who experiences physical, intellectual, mental and/or sensory limitations in long periods of time when interacting with the environment may experience obstacles and difficulties in participating fully and effectively with other citizens based on equal rights.
The existence of sufferers disability in NTB Province has the prevalence of disability presented from the results of the Long Form SP2020, which is the prevalence of disability aged 5 years and over, which is 1.78 percent, the results of the Long Form SP2020 data collection in NTB Province, people with disabilities are divided into 9 types, namely internal difficulties/disorders ( i) vision, (ii) hearing, (iii) communication/talking, (iv) walking/climbing stairs, (v) using fingers/hands, (vi) remembering/concentrating, (vii) thinking/learning, (viii) emotional , and (ix) taking care of yourself.The results of the Long Form SP2020 for NTB Province recorded that the percentage of the population with disabilities based on type of impairment ranged from 0.25 percent to 0.75 percent.In general, the type of difficulty/impairment that is most common is for residents with problems walking/climbing stairs, namely around 0.75 percent.Meanwhile, the type of difficulty/disorder that is relatively least experienced is emotional disturbance, around 0.25 percent.(NTB Central Statistics Agency, 2023) Based on the data presented above, there are still many people with disabilities in NTB Province.If they can work, then economic growth in Indonesia can increase.Unfortunately, awareness for people with disabilities in Indonesia still needs to be improved.However, currently much progress has been achieved for people with disabilities, such as Law Number 8 of 2016 which confirms their existence and clarifies their rights.( Law Number 8 of 2016 concerning Persons with Disabilities , nd) According to Eko Riyadi et al (2012).The life problems of people with disabilities are considered serious in various countries.Sometimes they experience discrimination in society and ultimately do not get the rights they should have.
Therefore, in 2006 the UN ratified the Convention on the rights of people with disabilities disability through resolution Number A/61/106 concerning the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities).The resolution contains the rights of persons with disabilities and states that steps will be taken to ensure the implementation of this convention.This is done to reduce and protect the rights of people with disabilities because all forms of crimes against people with disabilities are considered crimes against humanity.So the UN created this convention so that it could be accepted by countries and be able to reduce the problems that occur among people with disabilities.(Kusumaningrum et al., 2017) The  (Kusumaningrum et al., 2017) Indonesia is also one of the Southeast Asian countries that supports the formation of the ADF.Bearing in mind that Indonesia is a country in Southeast Asia which has a population of people with disabilities around 10% of the population in Indonesia.Through ADF, Indonesia hopes for developments in welfare for people with disabilities to open up employment opportunities and active participation for people with disabilities in the country.Apart from that, through ADF ASEAN countries are able to focus government policies towards people with disabilities.(Kusumaningrum et al., 2017) Talking about economic growth, where economic growth itself is interpreted as an increase in the value and amount of production of goods and services which is usually calculated by a country within a certain period of time.The economic development of a country can be said to be growing when the economic activities of its people have a direct impact on increasing the production of goods and services.This activity is also a factor in increasing national income.
Economic growth is a long-term economic problem, and economic growth is an important phenomenon experienced by the world recently.The process of economic growth is called the Modern Economy Growth On Assets basically, economic growth is defined as a process of output growth per capita in the long term.(Sri Hartati, 2021) Inclusive economic development for people with disabilities must be one of the principles of the global development framework of the Sustainable Development Goals (TPB).The use of inclusive development principles is aimed at improving conditions of disadvantage unevenness that occurs due to inequality balance of power, voice and influence between individuals/groups, including individuals/groups with disabilities in the development process.Without efforts to realize inclusive development, people with disabilities will be increasingly marginalized, which will further worsen the face of poverty and inequality for people with disabilities.This research aims to determine the potential for inclusive economic development for people with disabilities and how the regional government policy of the city of Bima is in accelerating inclusive economic development for people with disabilities so that it can improve the welfare and employment opportunities for people with disabilities in Bima, especially in Indonesia so that it can provide equal opportunities to improve economic welfare for persons with disabilities.
However, until now policies that have output to support inclusive economic development for the general public, especially for people with disabilities, have not been found in the regional government of Bima City.Thus, the policy of the Bima city regional government in the economic development of people with disabilities from the perspective of the inclusive economic development index is interesting to analyze.With a problem formulation of the Bima City regional government's policies in economic development for people with disabilities , as well as the Bima City regional government's efforts in developing the economy of people with disabilities from the perspective of the inclusive economic development index.

RESEARCH METHOD
This research uses the Normative Legal research method, Normative Legal Research, namely library legal research which refers to legal norms contained in statutory regulations.(Soekanto & Matmuji, 2009) The approach used in this research includes using the approach Legislation ( Statute Approach ) The Legislative Approach is basically carried out by examining all statutory regulations related to the problem (legal issue) being faced.(Irwansyah, 2021) The conceptual approach is an approach that departs from the views and doctrines that develop in legal science.(Marzuki, 2017) philosophical approach, comparative approach carried out by conducting a comparative legal study.(Marzuki, 2017) and analytical approach ( Analytical Apprroach ) , this approach is intended to examine the meaning of a legal term and seen in legal practice and court decisions, this approach examines meanings, principles, rules, systems and concepts.(Irwansyah, 2021) The type and source of data used is the type and source of secondary data which is sourced and consists of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials.The data collection technique that will be processed in this research is by using library study techniques with secondary data by collecting various statutory provisions and collecting literature related to the problem in the research through the following steps : Determining secondary data sources (primary and secondary legal materials) , Identification of secondary data (primary and secondary legal materials) required, Inventory of data that is appropriate to the problem formulation by quoting or recording, and Review of the data that has been collected to determine its relevance to the needs and problem formulation.
The data analysis technique used in this research uses a quantitative analysis method, namely describing the data in a quality manner in the form of sentences that are orderly, coherent, logical, non-overlapping and effective, facilitating data interpretation and analysis so as to get answers to the problems in this research.

RESULTS & DISCUSSION
1. Bima City Regional Government Policy in Economic Development for Persons with Disabilities After undergoing amendments, the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia now contains Chapter XA which discusses Human Rights.This chapter is a concrete form of protecting the constitutional rights of citizens in general, including citizens with disabilities.It contains 10 articles, namely Articles 28A to Article 28J, which include 26 provisions written in existing paragraphs and articles.All these provisions can be divided into two types, namely special human rights protection for citizens and human rights protection for everyone, which means not only Indonesian citizens.The existence of a classification that is divided into only 2 large groups means that people with disabilities are directly/indirectly included in it.Of the 26 provisions in Chapter achieve equality and justice".The provisions of this article clearly use the term "every person" without requiring the existence of certain circumstances or conditions of the legal subject in question (Sodiqin, 2021).
One of the attitudes of the Indonesian government that shows its seriousness in ensuring efforts to respect, protect and fulfill the rights of persons with disabilities is by ratifying the Conventions of Rights for People with Disabilities (CRPD).CRPD exists with the spirit of realizing the fulfillment of the rights of persons with disabilities on the basis of equal rights with other members of the general public.Indonesia is one of the member countries of the United Nations which has ratified the CRPD through Law Number 19 of 2011 on October 18 2011.Law No. 19/2011 is the legal umbrella for every related legislation to pay attention to and realize equal rights for people with disabilities.(Frichy, 2020) CRPD is also the basis for the birth of Law no.8/2016 concerning Persons with Disabilities which on April 15 2016, the Minister of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia officially promulgated it in the state gazette.Through Law 8/2016, the Government and DPR strive to realize equal rights for people with disabilities.(Sholihah, 2016) In the Bima city regional government, policies regarding people with disabilities are promulgated through the Bima City Regional Regulation No. 10 of 2020 concerning Implementation of the Protection and Fulfillment of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
To ensure that every person with a disability gets the same rights without discrimination, Indonesia has agreed to the Convention as previously mentioned.This means the government wants to emphasize that the State must take positive action to ensure that the rights of persons with disabilities are fulfilled and legally protected.
Nowadays, the problems of people with disabilities are becoming more and more complex with the situations and conditions of their limitations, people with disabilities are often marginalized from non-disabled society. in various aspects, even though as written in Article 5 Paragraph (1) of the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 8 of 2016 concerning Persons with Disabilities , it is stated that Persons with Disabilities have the following rights: a.) to live; b.) free from stigma; c.) privacy; d.) justice and legal protection; e.) education; f.) employment, entrepreneurship, and cooperatives; g.) health; h.) politics; i.) religious; j.) sports; k.) culture and tourism; l.) social welfare; m.) Accessibility; n.) Public Services; o.) Protection from disasters; p.) habilitation and rehabilitation; q.) Concession; r.) data collection; s.) live independently and be involved in society; and t.) expression.( Law Number 8 of 2016 concerning Persons with Disabilities , n.d.)With this regulation, the needs of persons with disabilities should be met optimally, especially in terms of economic progress.This is very important for them so they can survive.
People with disabilities have a need for personal and economic independence.From an economic perspective, people with disabilities also have the need to fulfill their daily needs and some of them are even heads of families who have the obligation to provide for their families.Meanwhile, low levels of education and physical limitations mean that people with disabilities do not get jobs, so that many people with disabilities work inappropriately and tend to become "society's trash," such as begging, buskers, and hawkers at red lights.Companies also tend to reject employees with disabilities because they are deemed unable to work or hinder work.Eide and Ingstad (2013) researched people with disabilities and found that people with disabilities were closely related to poverty.UN data shows that less than 10% of people with disabilities have access to education, health services and livelihood opportunities.More than 80% of people with disabilities are unemployed and in developing countries, such as Indonesia, 75% to 90% of people with disabilities live below the poverty line (Cahyati et al., 2019).
Economic growth has the meaning of an increase in GDP/GNP regardless of whether the increase is greater or smaller than the population growth rate, and the conditions under which changes in the economic structure occur or not.Solow 's theory of economic growth .(Prasetyo & Sulistyaningrum, 2016) is very dependent on the increase in production factors, including labor, capital accumulation and technological progress.(Purwanti & Rahmawati, 2021) .From the various existing growth theories, namely the theory of Harold Domar, Neoclassical, from Solow, and the endogenous theory by Romer, it states that there are three main factors or components in economic growth.These three are: a) Capital accumulation, which includes all forms or types of new investment invested in land, physical equipment, and capital or human resources.b) Population growth, which in the next few years will increase the number of the workforce.c) Advances in regional development technology are carried out to achieve three important goals, namely achieving growth, equity and sustainability.Growth, the first goal is that growth is determined to the extent that resource scarcity can occur so that human resources, equipment and natural resources can be allocated optimally and utilized to increase productive activities (Sri Hartati, 2021).
Economic development for people with disabilities is a necessity in the course of economic growth built by Indonesia.Economic development has a broader meaning and includes changes to the economic structure of society as a whole.Economic development is generally defined as a process that causes an increase in the real income per capita of a country's population in the long term, accompanied by improvements in the institutional system.Indonesia's economic growth shows fluctuating developments, the development of economic growth can be caused by several factors, both economic and non-economic.
Economic factors can include government policies such as fiscal policy and monetary policy, economic conditions in other countries, and non-economic factors such as natural disasters, socio-cultural and others.There are several economic problems occurring in this country.One of the main ones is the poverty level.The poverty rate in Indonesia still shows quite high numbers (Sri Hartati, 2021).strengthening the productive sector (agriculture, industry, infrastructure); 2. Improving the quality of human resources through quality health services, educational services and vocational education; 3. Increasing the industrialization of regional leading sectors through the development of industrial management, the development of creative industries, and the development of a Green-Blue-Circular economy ; 4. Expanding employment opportunities through providing access to employment opportunities, building partnerships with the business world, and increasing investment; 5. Increasing regional income through developing potential regional income sources, improving public services and improving infrastructure; 6. Basic service infrastructure that supports poverty reduction, industrialization, economic diversification, disaster preparedness and environmental quality; 7. Target of reducing poverty to single digits and overcoming extreme poverty through multi-stakeholder movements (Fian Fardianto, 2022).

Bima City Regional Government's Efforts in Economic Development for Persons with
Disabilities from the Inclusive Economic Development Index Perspective.
Bima City had the idea of an inclusive economic development index which was designed in 2011 with the inclusive economic development index being at 4.91% which continued to grow until 2022 reaching 5.56%.(Bappenas, 2022) Meanwhile, people with disabilities in supporting economic development in order to build their economy received attention from the government with the assistance provided being productive economic business assistance for people with disabilities in Bima City which was sourced from the Bima City Social Service in 2020.The assistance was handed over following the handover of group assistance and a display case from the Bima City Dekranasda, on Tuesday 20 October 2020 at the Public Open Space (RTP) Kodo Park, Kodo Village, East Rasanae District.Bima City.This assistance was handed over symbolically to 4 people with disabilities, namely Suhardin (impaired) who received sewing equipment, Ahmad (blind) received massage equipment, Rasidin (impaired) received workshop equipment, Miratunnisa (deaf and speech impaired) received snack business equipment.This assistance will also be distributed to 19 people with disabilities in Bima City.The details of the assistance provided are: (1) Sewing equipment in the form of a sewing machine, overlock machine, sewing thread, scissors, netwran , electric iron and machine oil; (2) Massage equipment in the form of foam/ sponges , teak sofas , plastic tables, plastic chairs, teak shelves and massage equipment; (3) Workshop equipment in the form of a compressor, a set of keys, rear and front inner tires and oil; (4) Snack business equipment in the form of a baking pan, 2 (two) burner gas stove, gas cylinder and contents, blender, oven, mixer, spatula/spoon, cake scale, display case and measuring cup.Productive business assistance for people with disabilities is intended to encourage the independence of people with disabilities.It is hoped that the program that will be carried out will be directed at building independence and changing the view that people with disabilities are not people who should be pitied, but people who have the same opportunities and equal access.(Bima City Portal, 2020) .However, this assistance does not extend to all people with disabilities in the city Bima , based on data obtained by the writing team from the Bima City Social Service, it shows that there are 780 people with disabilities in Bima City, so only 2% of people with disabilities receive assistance to support their economy .
As an effort to develop the economy for people with disabilities , the regional government of Bima City can look at several disability theories as references in economic development, including: First, Social Theory, this theory views that disability is a product of social injustice.It is not the disability that causes the problem, but the problem lies in the inaccessible social and building systems.The social perspective views that the roots of discrimination against people with disabilities begin with the stigma against people with disabilities.In this case, it is not people with disabilities who must be cured according to social theory, but the social system and society that must be changed.Adherents of this theory provide statistical data that shows the large inequality between access and opportunities in the fields of education, health, employment, and so on faced by people with disabilities compared to the general population.Second, right based model of Disability, or a disability perspective based on rights theory, is a development of social theory.This perspective builds an understanding that social theory basically promotes the development of inclusive communities so that all diversity is recognized and respected.
The human rights perspective demands equal rights for people with disabilities, society and the government must treat people with disabilities in a non-discriminatory and egalitarian manner because they are part of the citizenry who have full rights in all fields (Riyadi et al., 2021).
To realize inclusive development for people with disabilities, an inclusive development process is also needed.In other words, the realization of inclusive development is marked, among other things, by the existence of a process to realize inclusive development, as well as the realization of inclusive development itself.This can be seen from the guarantee of accessibility, active and full participation, non-discriminatory treatment and equality of opportunity, respect for diversity, and respect for a person's inherent dignity.Sevciuc , Otter , and Lautz Cauzanet (2015)  Exclusion is generally associated with marginalization processes resulting from poverty or low income levels.Apart from that, social exclusion is also commonly associated with discrimination, low levels of education and declining environmental quality (Ihsan, 2021) .The physical limitations of people with disabilities make it difficult for people with disabilities to get jobs.Limitations in carrying out activities and work are what cause people with disabilities to be considered less productive so that the existence of people with disabilities in some areas of society is considered far from social and economic independence (Sari et al., 2022) .In an effort to realize inclusive policies to develop the economy for people with disabilities, an exclusion framework The social activities initiated by UNESCO have not been able to be implemented maximally by the regional government of Bima City.
Expansive economic growth is expected to be a driver of inclusive development, namely economic development that is able to create jobs, reduce poverty and inequality.
The hope is that Indonesia and other countries must implement inclusive development so that the world can succeed in reducing global poverty and injustice.Inclusive development is quality development, namely development that takes into account growth (pro-growth), employment (pro-job ), reduces poverty (pro-poor ) and pays attention to the environment (pro-environment) (Sri Hartati, 2021).

CLOSING 1. Conclusion
Bima City regional government policy in economic development for people with disabilities can influence increased economic growth and the quality of human resources, but this has not been implemented optimally.There are no concrete policies from the regional government that can support increasing the capacity of human resources for people with disabilities to reduce poverty and inequality.In general, the economic climate in Indonesia is still not optimal in encouraging inclusive economic growth, this is because adequate economic services or access are not yet widely felt by people with lower-middle economic conditions such as people with disabilities.
Likewise, the Bima City regional government's efforts to develop the economy of people with disabilities from the perspective of the inclusive economic development index have not been implemented optimally.Economic policies that are not implemented optimally result in a lower quality of life for people with disabilities compared to other members of society.On the other hand, if the economic policy for persons with disabilities is improved, the increased capacity of the productive workforce can be absorbed into high employment opportunities and can increase the economic growth of persons with disabilities from an inclusiveness perspective.

Suggestion
To the local government of Bima City to take several policy steps as follows: First, the policy efforts of the Bima City regional government in developing the economy of persons with disabilities should realize the fulfillment of the rights of persons with disabilities on the basis of equal rights with other communities.This refers to the noble view that persons with disabilities are part of human nature.Persons with disabilities should have equal opportunities to obtain their rights and be able to act as legal subjects and voice campaigns for the fulfillment and protection of the rights of persons with disabilities in line with the principles of the fifth principle of Pancasila, namely Social Justice for All Indonesian People.Creating justice for people with disabilities with efforts from local governments to provide adequate facilities and infrastructure that provide opportunities for people with disabilities to improve their quality of life.
Secondly, the Bima City regional government's efforts in developing the economy of people with disabilities from the perspective of an inclusive economic development index should implement economic development for people with disabilities which can create broad access and opportunities for all levels of society with disabilities in an equitable manner, provide business capital , improve welfare, facilitate training.to produce a product and market it amidst the physical limitations they have and reduce the gap between groups.This is in line with the Indonesian constitution's mandate regarding respect for human rights.The regulations derived from the 1945 Constitution can be translated so that every legal regulation always prioritizes human rights as the main spirit.Including provisions regarding local government policies towards people with disabilities.Concrete policies and concrete forms of implementing the protection and fulfillment of the rights of persons with disabilities in Bima City are needed in accordance with the mandate of Bima City Regional Regulation No. 10 of 2020, to ensure that every person with disabilities gets equal rights without discrimination.
Indonesian government has signed the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities) on March 30 2007 in New York.This signing shows the seriousness of the Indonesian State to respect, protect, fulfill and advance the rights of persons with disabilities, which in the end is expected to fulfill the welfare of persons with disabilities.( Republic of Indonesia Law , 2011) .Reporting from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, (2016) ASEAN countries also participate in protecting people with disabilities.Representatives of ASEAN countries consider that the problems of people with disabilities are quite worrying and that protection of their rights aspirations is needed.The ASEAN Disability Forum (ADF) is a forum for ASEAN countries to support the protection of people with disabilities.The forerunner to the formation of ADF was in 2009 when representatives of Disable People's Organizations (DPOs) attend the ASEAN People's Forum (APF) to promote and raise awareness about the rights of persons with disabilities that must be protected.Meanwhile, in 2011 at the 19th ASEAN Summit in Bali, ASEAN leaders ratified the Bali Declaration in Enhancing the Roles on Participation of Persons with Disabilities in the ASEAN Community.
The big theme for development in 2023 from the National Government Work Plan (RKP) is Increasing Productivity for Inclusive and Sustainable Economic Transformation.Meanwhile, the development theme of the NTB Province RKPD is Increasing Industrial Productivity and Inclusive Economic Diversification to Realize the Sustainable Glory of NTB.The 2023 NTB RKPD Policy Directions include: 1. Handling Covid-19 and regional economic recovery through increasing vaccination achievements, health insurance, and developed a UNESCO analytical framework to realize inclusive policy design.According to this analytical framework, what needs to be understood in creating inclusive policies is understanding the meaning of social exclusion .There are at least seven characteristics inherent in conditions of social exclusion , namely (i) multidimensional (occurring in many aspects of life); (ii) dynamic (not static conditions experienced by the same group in the same pattern over time); (iii) multilevel (occurs in all aspects of life); (iv) highly dependent on context; (v) can occur at the group or individual level; (vi) occurs due to interactions with society/unequal social relations; and (vii) can also occur due to interactions between individual vulnerability conditions and a number of trigger factors such as structural, behavioral and policy factors .