The Effectiveness of "Kancani": An REBT-Based Web Application on Junior High Students' Subjective Well-Being
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23917/indigenous.v9i1.3789Keywords:
Adolescents, Junior High School, REBT, Subjective Well-being, Web ApplicationAbstract
Abstract. The high prevalence of mental health issues among Indonesian adolescent students signifies persistently low levels of subjective well-being. Junior high school students tend to engage in negative thinking and experience a decline in positive feelings, contributing to mental health issues, as well as low life satisfaction. To address this, enhancing socio-emotional abilities such as emotion regulation, especially in dealing with irrational thoughts as the root of the problem, becomes crucial. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the "Kancani" web app, which implements Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)-based interventions on the subjective well-being of junior high school adolescents. A quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design was employed with 22 junior high school participants aged 12-15 who received the intervention for 2 weeks. The research instruments used were a 25-item Subjective Well-Being scale measuring positive affect (a = 0.861), negative affect (a = 0.861), and life satisfaction (a = 0.828). Data were tested using the paired samples t-test technique. Data were analyzed using paired samples t-test showed that the Kancani web app, with REBT-based interventions, effectively increased the subjective well-being of junior high school students, particularly in the aspects of positive affect and life satisfaction (p = 0.004 < 0.05), although not significantly in reducing negative affect (p = 0.104 > 0.05). Nevertheless, the improvement in the subjective well-being of students after the intervention is still reflected in the descriptive analysis of the mean differences, indicating an increase in positive affect and life satisfaction, as well as a decrease in negative affect.
References
Afiatin, T., Istianda, I. P., & Wintoro, A. Y. (2016). The happiness of working mothers through family life stages. ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal, 31(3), 101-110. https://doi.org/10.24123/aipj.v31i3.569
Akhtar, H. (2019). Evaluasi properti psikometris dan perbandingan model pengukuran konstruk subjective well-being. Jurnal Psikologi, 18(1), 29-40. https://doi.org/10.14710/jp.18.1.29-40
American Psychological Association (APA). (n.d.). Subjective well-being (SWB). APA Dictionary of Psychology. Retrieved from: https://dictionary.apa.org/subjective-well-being
Andover, M. S., & Morris, B. W. (2014). Expanding and clarifying the role of emotion regulation in nonsuicidal self-injury. Canadian journal of psychiatry, 59(11), 569–575. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/070674371405901102
Armstrong, L. M. (2020). Rational emotive therapy. In V. Zeigler-Hill & T. K. Shackelford , Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences (pp. 4282-4286). Springer International Publishing.
Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia. (2022). APJII di digital outlook 2022. Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia. Retrieved from: https://apjii.or.id/berita/d/apjii-di-indonesia-digital-outloook-2022_857
Aulia, R., Rahayu, M. S., & Khasanah, A. N. (2019). Pengaruh mindfulness terhadap adolescent well-being pada remaja di pondok pesantren yatim dhuafa Al-Kasyaf. Prosiding Psikologi, 5(2). 922-929. Retrieved from: https://karyailmiah.unisba.ac.id/index.php/psikologi/article/view/18309
Bailey, D., Wright, N., & Kemp, L. (2017). Self-harm in young people: a challenge for general practice. British journal of general practice, 67(665), 542-543. https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp17X693545
Balkıs, M., & Duru, E. (2019). The protective role of rational beliefs on the relationship between irrational beliefs, emotional states of stress, depression and anxiety. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 37, 96-112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-018-0305-7
Balzarotti, S., Biassoni, F., Villani, D., Prunas, A., & Velotti, P. (2016). Individual differences in cognitive emotion regulation: Implications for subjective and psychological well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17, 125-143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9587-3
Bernard, M., & Terjesen, M. D. (2020). Rational-emotive and cognitive-behavioral approaches to child and adolescent mental health: theory, practice, research, applications. Springer Nature.
Brooks, H., Syarif, A. K., Pedley, R., Irmansyah, I., Prawira, B., Lovell, K., Opitasari, C., Ardisasmita, A., Tanjung, I. S., Renwick, L., Salim, S., & Bee, P. (2021). Improving mental health literacy among young people aged 11-15 years in Java, Indonesia: the co-development of a culturally-appropriate, user-centred resource (The IMPeTUs Intervention). Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 15(1), 56. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-021-00410-5
Caruso, C., Angelone, L., Abbate, E., Ionni, V., Biondi, C., Di Agostino, C., Mobili, A., Verità, R., Navarra, R., Ruggiero, G.M., & Mezzaluna, C. (2018). Effects of a REBT based training on children and teachers in primary school. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 36, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-017-0270-6
CASEL (Collaborative for Academic, Social and Emotional Learning). (2015). Effective social and emotional learning programs. CASEL. Retrieved from: https://casel.org/fundamentals-of-sel/what-is-the-casel-framework/
Center for Reproductive Health, University of Queensland, & Johns Bloomberg Hopkins School of Public Health. (2022). Indonesia – National Adolescent Mental Health Survey (I-NAMHS): Laporan penelitian. Pusat Kesehatan Reproduksi. Retrieved from: https://org/~teoqngfi/outputs/reports/12-i-namhs-report-bahasa-indonesia
Chen L. (2023). Influence of music on the hearing and mental health of adolescents and countermeasures. Frontiers in neuroscience, 17, 1236638. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2023.1236638
Cicchetti, D., Ackerman, B., & Izard, C. (1995). Emotions and emotion regulation in developmental psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 7(1), 1-10. doi:10.1017/S0954579400006301
David, D., Cotet, C., Matu, S., Mogoase, C., & Stefan, S. (2018). 50 years of rational-emotive and cognitive-behavioral therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of clinical psychology. 74(3), 304–318. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22514.
David, D., Szentagotai, A., Eva, K., & Macavei, B. (2005). A synopsis of rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT): Fundamental and applied research. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 23(3), 175–221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-005-0011-0.
David, D., Szentagotai, A., Lupu, V., & Cosman, D. (2018). Rational emotive behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, and medication in the treatment of major depressive disorder: A randomized clinical trial, posttreatment outcomes, and six-month follow-up. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 74(9), 1503-1520. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/jclp.20487
David, O. A., Predatu, R., & Cardoș, R. A. (2021). Effectiveness of the REThink therapeutic online video game in promoting mental health in children and adolescents. Internet Interventions, 25, 100391. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.invent.2021.100391
Diener, E. (1985). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542–575. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542
Diener, E. (2009). The science of well-being: The collected works of Ed Diener. Springer.
DiGiuseppe, R., Doyle, K. A., & Rose, R. D. (2002). Rational-emotive behavioral therapy for depression achieving unconditional self-acceptance. In M. A. Reinecke & M. R. Davison (Eds.), Comparative treatments of depression (pp. 220–248). Springer Publishing Company.
DiGiuseppe, R. A., DiGiuseppe, R., Doyle, K. A., Dryden, W., & Backx, W. (2013). A practitioner's guide to rational-emotive behavior therapy. Oxford University Press.
Dolan, P., Kudrna, L., Testoni, S., & Series, M. W. (2017). Definition and measures of subjective wellbeing. Centre for Economic Performance (Discussion paper 3), 1-9. Retrieved from: https://whatworkswellbeing.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/SWB-dolan-kudra-Testoni-NOV17-Centre.pdf
Dryden, W. (2005). Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy. In: Freeman, A., Felgoise, S.H., Nezu, C.M., Nezu, A.M., Reinecke, M.A. (eds), Encyclopedia of Cognitive Behavior Therapy. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48581-8_90
Dugas, M., Gao, G. G., & Agarwal, R. (2020). Unpacking mHealth interventions: A systematic review of behavior change techniques used in randomized controlled trials assessing mHealth effectiveness. Digital health, 6. https://doi.org/10.1177/2055207620905411
Ede, M. O., Okeke, C. I., & Oneli, J. O. (2023). Raising the self-esteem and reducing irrational beliefs of schoolchildren: The moderating and main effect study. Medicine, 102(27). https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000034168
Ellis, A. (1994). Reason and Emotion in Psychotherapy. Carol Publishing Group.
Ellis, A. (2000). Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT). In A. E. Kazdin (Ed.), Encyclopedia of psychology (Vol. 7, pp. 7–9). Oxford University Press.
Ellis, A. (2003). Early theories and practices of rational emotive behavior therapy and how they have been augmented and revised during the last three decades. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 21(3-4), 219–243. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025890112319
Fakhriyani, D. V., Sa’Idah, I., & Annajih, M. Z. (2021). Pendekatan REBT melalui cyber counseling untuk mengatasi kecemasan di masa pandemi covid-19. Counsellia: Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling, 11(1), 56-70. http://doi.org/10.25273/counsellia.v11i1.8463
Faradiba, A. T., Paramita, A. D., & Dewi, R. P. (2021). Emotion dysregulation and deliberate self-harm in adolescents. Konselor, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.24036/02021103113653-0-00
Fauziah, F., Neviyarni, N., Karneli, Y., & Netrawati, N. (2020). Modifikasi konseling kelompok untuk siswa dengan pendekatan rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) di tengah pandemi covid-19. Consilium: Berkala Kajian Konseling Dan Ilmu Keagamaan, 7(2), 52-59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37064/consilium.v7i2.7745
Fleming, T., Sutcliffe, K., Lucassen, M., Pine, R., & Donkin, L. (2020). Serious games and gamification in clinical psychology. Elsevier
Fritz, C. O., Morris, P. E., & Richler, J. J. (2012). Effect size estimates: current use, calculations, and interpretation. Journal of experimental psychology. General, 141(1), 2–18. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024338
Gaete, V. (2015). Adolescent psychosocial development. Revista chilena de pediatría, 86(6), 436-443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rchipe.2015.07.005
García-Ceberino, J. M., Antúnez, A., Ibáñez, S. J., & Feu, S. (2020). Design and validation of the instrument for the measurement of learning and performance in football. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134629
Garrido, S., Millington, C., Cheers, D., Boydell, K., Schubert, E., Meade, T., & Nguyen, Q. V. (2019). What works and what doesn’t work? A systematic review of digital mental health interventions for depression and anxiety in young people. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 759. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00759
Gonzalez, J. E., Nelson, J. R., Gutkin, T. B., Saunders, A., Galloway, A., & Shwery, C. S. (2004). Rational emotive therapy with children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. Journal of Emotional and behavioral Disorders, 12(4), 222-235. https://doi.org/10.1177/10634266040120040301
Hadi, S. (2020). Konseling kelompok Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) dengan nilai utility of a transdiagnostic internet-delivered rational emotive and behavioral intervention for adolescents with anxiety and depressive disorders. Internet Interventions, 26, 100479. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.invent.2021.100479
Pedrini, L., Rossi, R., Magni, L. R., Lanfredi, M., Meloni, S., Ferrari, C., Macis, A., Lopizzo, N., Zonca, V., & Cattaneo, A. (2021). Emotional regulation in teens and improvement of constructive skills (emoticons): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 22(1), 920. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-021-05886-2
Peterle, C. F., Fonseca, C. L., Freitas, B. H. B. M., Gaíva, M. A. M., Diogo, P. M. J., & Bortolini, J. (2022). Emotional and behavioral problems in adolescents in the context of COVID-19: a mixed method study. Revista latino-americana de enfermagem, 30(spe), e3744. https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.6273.3744
Popa, C., & Predatu, R. (2019). The effect of an integrative CBT/REBT intervention in improving emotional functioning and emotional stability in Romanian medical students. Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies, 19(1). 59–71. https://doi.org/10.24193/jebp.2019.1.4
Pratisti, W. D., & Rini, O. K. (2016). The relation of emotion regulation and subjective well-being in adolescent students. Proceedings of the ICHWB (International Conference on Health and Well-Being). Retrieved from: https://publikasiilmiah.ums.ac.id/handle/11617/7386
Primasari, A. (2016). Menikmati setiap moment: Meningkatkan subjective well-being remaja melalui program mindfulness remaja (PRIMA). [master's thesis, Universitas Gadjah Mada]. ETD UGM. https://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/penelitian/detail/106894
Rahayu, H. S. (2020). Hubungan regulasi emosi dengan subjective well being pada remaja dengan orangtua bercerai. Cognicia, 8(2), 178-190. https://doi.org/10.22219/cognicia.v8i2.11537
Rahmadiana, M., Karyotaki, E., Passchier, J., Cuijpers, P., van Ballegooijen, W., Wimbarti, S., & & Riper, H. (2018). Guided internet-based transdiagnostic intervention for Indonesian university students with symptoms of anxiety and depression: A pilot study protocol. Internet interventions, 15, 28–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2018.11.002
Rahmawati, S. N. (2022). Konseling rational emotive behaviour therapy (rebt) untuk meningkatkan kepercayaan diri remaja. Counsenesia Indonesian Journal Of Guidance and Counseling, 3(1), 38-44. https://doi.org/10.36728/cijgc.v3i1.1856
Ronen, T., Hamama, L., Rosenbaum, M., & Mishely-Yarlap, A. (2016). Subjective well-being in adolescence: The role of self-control, social support, age, gender, and familial crisis. Journal of happiness studies, 17, 81-104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9585-5
Santrock, J. W. (2018). Life-span development (17th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Selvia, M., & Siregar, A. (2023). Efektivitas Rational Emotive Behavior Theraphy (REBT) meningkatkan self esteem pada siswa madrasah aliyah kota Medan. Cetta: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 6(2), 338-347. https://doi.org/10.37329/cetta.v6i2.2513
Schenk, A., Popa, C. O., Olah, P., Suciu, N., & Cojocaru, C. (2020). The efficacy of rational emotive behavior therapy intervention in generalized anxiety disorder. Acta Marisiensis-Seria Medica, 66(4), 148-151. https://doi.org/10.2478/amma-2020-0027
Seniati, L., Yulianto, A., & Setiadi, B. N. (2015). Psikologi eksperimen (Sebastianus Darwin, Ed). PT Indeks.
Shackman, A. J., Tromp, D. P. M., Stockbridge, M. D., Kaplan, C. M., Tillman, R. M., & Fox, A. S. (2016). Dispositional negativity: An integrative psychological and neurobiological perspective. Psychological bulletin, 142(12), 1275–1314. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000073
Singh, K., Ruch, W., & Junnarkar, M. (2015). Effect of the demographic variables and psychometric properties of the personal well-being index for school children in India. Child Indicators Research, 8(3), 571-585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-014-9264-4
Sumarwiyah, S., & Masturi, M. (2023). Penerapan konseling Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy untuk meningkatkan penerimaan diri remaja patah hati. Jurnal Muria Research Guidance and Counseling (MRGC), 2(1), 21-29. https://doi.org/10.24176/mrgc.v2i1.8773
Syah, M. E. (2020). Rational Emotional Behavior Therapy (REBT) to reduce anxiety bullying victims in adolescents. Journal of Family Sciences, 5(1), 36-46. https://doi.org/10.29244/jfs.5.1.36-46
Tran, V. (2020). Positive affect negative affect scale (PANAS). In Encyclopedia of behavioral medicine (pp. 1708-1709). Springer International Publishing.
Ugwuanyi, L. T., Egbe, C. I., Nnamani, A. P., Ubah, J. C., Adaka, T. A., Adama, G. N., Ejide, A. B., Uloh-Bethels, A. C., Emelogu, N. U., Ossai, R. C., Okoyeukwu, N. G., Agbo, P. A., & Otu, M. S. (2022). Rational emotive health therapy for the management of depressive symptoms among parents of children with intellectual and reading disabilities in English language. Medicine, 101(32), e30039. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000030039
UNICEF. (n.d.) Adolescent development and participation. Unicef.org. Retrieved from: https://www.unicef.org/adolescence
Valizadeh, L., Zamanzadeh, V., Rassouli, M., & Rahkar Farshi, M. (2018). Concerns of parents with or raising adolescent children: A qualitative study of Iranian families. Journal of of caring sciences, 7(1), 27–33. https://doi.org/10.15171/jcs.2018.005
Välimäki, M., Anttila, K., Anttila, M., & Lahti, M. (2017). Web-based interventions supporting adolescents and young people with depressive symptoms: Systematic review and meta-analysis. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 5(12), e180. https://doi.org/10.2196/mhealth.8624
World Health Organization (WHO). (2019). Adolescent health in the South-East Asia Region.
World Health Organization (WHO). Retrieved from: https://www.who.int/southeastasia/health-topics/adolescent-health
Young, K. S., Sandman, C. F., & Craske, M. G. (2019). Positive and negative emotion regulation in adolescence: Links to anxiety and depression. Brain sciences, 9(4), 76. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9040076
Zulfikar, F. (2023). Puluhan siswi SMP lukai diri dengan silet demi tren, pakar UM Surabaya ungkap hal Ini. Detikcom. Retrieved from: https://www.detik.com/edu/edutainment/d-6627193/puluhan-siswi-smp-lukai-diri-dengan-silet-demi-tren-pakar-um-surabaya-ungkap-hal-ini
Downloads
Submitted
Accepted
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Fadia Alyani Kumala, Zahrina Mardhiyah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
