2026-08-24T06:01:32Z https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/oai

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/11 2024-11-09T09:34:58Z arstech:ART

The effectivity of used-oil as quenching medium of 42-CrMo4 steel for automotive materials Hariningsih, Hariningsih Sumpena, Sumpena Sukarjo, Heribertus Hardening-quenching Hardness Martensite 42CrMo4 steel Used-oil The research aims to investigate the effect of the cooling medium on the hardness characteristic and microstructure of the 42CrMo4 steel due to hardening treatment at a temperature of 830°C and holding time of 30 minutes. Various oil such as SAE-10W40, SAE-20W50, SAE-40, and used oil was used in the cooling medium. The changes in product size, hardness, and microstructure have been carefully assessed. The results indicated that the viscosity of the coolant medium strongly influenced the cooling rate of the cooling medium, hardness, and microstructure. SAE-10W40 oil and SAE-20W50 oil only needed 2 hours to return within room temperatures before quenching, whereas SAE-40 oil and used oil took 3 hours. The sample size did not change after hardening-quenching. However, there was a residual carbon layer on the sample surfaces. Quenching caused the changes of microstructure from pearlite and ferrite to ultrafine double phase, consisting of martensite and austenite, which were unable to transform during rapid cooling. The highest hardness value was achieved by the treated product, which was quenched in SAE-10W40, which had 54.59 HRC. The high hardness was attributed to the content of 95% martensite. However, used-oil caused in similar hardness as SAE-20W50. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2020-06-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/11 10.23917/arstech.v1i1.11 Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech); Vol. 1 No. 1 (2020): Applied Research and Smart Technology; 28-34 2722-9645 2722-9637 10.23917/arstech.v1i1 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/11/14 Copyright (c) 2020 Hariningsih Hariningsih, Sumpena Sumpena, Heribertus Sukarjo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/15 2024-11-09T09:31:11Z arstech:ART

Performance prediction of trailing-edge cooling system of gas turbine blade using detached eddy simulation Jamaldi, Agus Hassan, Hassan Khamis Trailing-edge cooling Detached eddy simulation Discharge coefficient Film cooling effectiveness Staggered array This study evaluates the performance of the trailing-edge (TE) cooling system in a gas turbine blade. Eddy Simulation (DES), based on the turbulence model of Spallart-Almaras (SA), was used to simulate the TE cooling system. A TE configuration with a five-row staggered pin-fin arrangement was employed as a computational domain. Three parameters, i.e., the coefficient of heat transfer on the pin-fins surface (hpin), the coefficient of discharge (CD), and the effectiveness of adiabatic film cooling were used to assess the performances. The findings denoted that the heat transfer fluctuations occurred on the surface of the pin-fins in each row. The discharge coefficient increased with the rising of the blowing ratio. The trend predicted data of adiabatic film cooling effectiveness were in good agreement with realistic discrepancies compared to other researches, mainly for higher blowing ratio. The average effectiveness along the cut-off region was to be sensitive to the blowing ratio changes, which was attributed to the structures of turbulent flow along the mixing region. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2020-06-05 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/15 10.23917/arstech.v1i1.15 Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech); Vol. 1 No. 1 (2020): Applied Research and Smart Technology; 16-21 2722-9645 2722-9637 10.23917/arstech.v1i1 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/15/10 Copyright (c) 2020 Agus Jamaldi, Hassan Khamis Hassan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/21 2024-11-09T09:29:23Z arstech:ART

The effect of internal pressure and thickness on the creep strain of the superheater pipes Riyadi, Tri Widodo Besar Fatuloh , Sopyan Sahid Pipe thickness Creep strain Alloy 617 Superheater pipe Internal pressure Abaqus Superheater pipes in turbines commonly are used to produce superheated steam. Internal pressure is critical for steam superheater elements. The pipes in such applications are vulnerable to temperature environments, which can bring the component to enter the creep regime, creep deformation, or even creep fracture. In general, most of the failures in boilers are caused by creep. Creep-resistant materials used in facilities operated at high temperatures must, therefore, be able to withstand the highest possible temperature loads. This study aims to investigate the creep behaviour of a 617 alloys steel steam pipe, which operated within 100,000 hours. The temperature of steam was set at 700?C, and the pressure in the pipe was 35 MPa. Abaqus software based on the finite element method was used in the study. The effect of internal pressure and pipe thickness on the creep strains was observed. The variation of the internal pressure was 35, 37.5, 40, 42.5, and 45 MPa. Whereas, the thickness variations were 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 mm. The simulation results revealed that an increase in the internal pressure and the decrease of the pipe thickness increase the creep strain. This study can be used to predict the possibility of creep damaged for the superheater pipes operated at high temperatures, which have different thicknesses. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2020-06-05 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/21 10.23917/arstech.v1i1.21 Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech); Vol. 1 No. 1 (2020): Applied Research and Smart Technology; 11-15 2722-9645 2722-9637 10.23917/arstech.v1i1 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/21/11 Copyright (c) 2020 Tri Widodo Besar Riyadi, Sopyan Sahid Fatuloh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/25 2024-11-09T09:13:16Z arstech:ART

Low-cost pick and place anthropomorphic robotic arm for the disabled and humanoid applications Azlan, Norsinnira Zainul Sanni, Mubeenah Titilola Shahdad, Ifrah Anthropomorphic robot Kinematics analysis Low-cost robot Pick and place Robotic arm This paper presents the design and development of a new low-cost pick and place anthropomorphic robotic arm for the disabled and humanoid applications. Anthropomorphic robotic arms are weapons similar in scale, appearance, and functionality to humans, and functionality. The developed robotic arm was simple, lightweight, and has four degrees of freedom (DOF) at the hand, shoulder, and elbow joints. The measurement of the link was made close to the length of the human arm. The anthropomorphic robotic arm was actuated by four DC servo motors and controlled using an Arduino UNO microcontroller board. The voice recognition unit drove the command input for the targeted object. The forward and inverse kinematics of the proposed new robotic arm has been analysed and used to program the low cost anthropomorphic robotic arm prototype to reach the desired position in the pick and place operation. This paper’s contribution is in developing the low cost, light, and straightforward weight anthropomorphic arm that can be easily attached to other applications such as a wheelchair and the kinematic study of the specific robot. The low-cost robotic arm’s capability has been tested, and the experimental results show that it can perform basic pick place tasks for the disabled and humanoid applications. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2020-11-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/25 10.23917/arstech.v1i2.25 Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech); Vol. 1 No. 2 (2020): Applied Research and Smart Technology; 35-42 2722-9645 2722-9637 10.23917/arstech.v1i2 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/25/62 Copyright (c) 2020 Norsinnira Zainul Azlan, Mubeenah Titilola Sanni, Ifrah Shahdad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/28 2024-11-09T09:27:43Z arstech:ART

Wearable upper limb motion assist robot for eating activity Kashtwari, Uzair Azlan, Norsinnira Zainul Shahdad, Ifrah Activities of daily living Degree of freedom Motion assist robots Upper limb rehabilitation robot Task-specific Wearable exoskeleton Many people all around the world are suffering from various types of disabilities and need to depend on others to perform activities of daily living. One of the essential daily living activities is eating. The disabled people should be able to eat their food independently at any time and place, without relying on the caregivers. This paper presents the development of a new wearable upper limb motion assist robot for helping the disabled to eat by themselves. The motion assists robot consists of two degrees of freedom (DOF) movement, focusing on the two most crucial upper limb movements in eating activity, which is the elbow flexion/extension and forearm pronation/supination. A light-weight material was used for the fabrication of the wearable motion assist robot, and Arduino was utilized as the microcontroller. The originality of the study was in terms of the design, operational sequence setting, and kinematic analysis of the wearable upper limb motion assist robot that was explicitly focusing on eating activity. The resulted prototype was portable, compact, light in weight, simple and low cost. The experimental results have proven that the proposed wearable upper limb motion assist robot for eating activity was successful in helping the users to perform the main upper extremity motions in eating. The success rate of the proposed system was 80%, and it took 6 seconds for the system to complete one feeding cycle. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2020-06-04 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/28 10.23917/arstech.v1i1.28 Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech); Vol. 1 No. 1 (2020): Applied Research and Smart Technology; 1-10 2722-9645 2722-9637 10.23917/arstech.v1i1 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/28/8 Copyright (c) 2020 Uzair Kashtwari, Norsinnira Zainul Azlan, Ifrah Shahdad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/33 2024-11-09T09:33:15Z arstech:ART

Single friction plate clutch design for cars with power of 77 kW and speed of 6000 rpm using finite element method Darmawan, Agung Setyo Syarif, Junaidi Purboputro, Pramuko Ilmu Yulianto, Agus Hamid, Abdul Noviyanto, Noviyanto Finite Element Method Driveshaft Von misses Friction plate clutch A single friction plate clutch is one part of the components in a vehicle that is used to transmit power and rotation from the driveshaft to the driven shaft without slippage. This study aims to compare the results of mathematical calculations with analysis based on finite element methods in the design of a single friction plate clutch such as shaft, spline, friction plate, and spring. The analysis was carried out on the shaft made of S30C, spline made of S30C, friction plates made of steel alloy, and springs made of carbon steel. The component was drawn by Solidworks-17 software and analysed by Abaqus 6.14-5 software based on finite element methods. The study was performed by comparing the sizes of the various elements. A comparison of simulation processes using the stress concept of von-misses was conducted. The results of mathematical calculations with the simulation process were compared, and the maximum deviation was 2.881%. The deviation was considered acceptable. Based on von-misses’ maximum stress, the material was safe to use due to below the yield strength. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2020-06-05 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/33 10.23917/arstech.v1i1.33 Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech); Vol. 1 No. 1 (2020): Applied Research and Smart Technology; 22-27 2722-9645 2722-9637 10.23917/arstech.v1i1 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/33/12 Copyright (c) 2020 Agung Setyo Darmawan, Junaidi Syarif, Pramuko Ilmu Purboputro, Agus Yulianto, Abdul Hamid, Noviyanto Noviyanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/39 2024-11-09T09:24:57Z arstech:ART

Prototype development of mecanum wheels mobile robot: A review Abd Mutalib, Mohd Azri Azlan, Norsinnira Zainul Driving control Dynamic modelling Kinematic analysis Mecanum wheels Prototype development This paper provides the review and prototype development of mecanum wheels mobile robot (MWMR). Nowadays, there is a high market demand for a wheeled machine or wheeled robot for various applications. The ability to move in any direction without altering even a single wheel makes this type of wheel useful for driving, especially in a narrowed or confined space. Various styles of implementing MWMR are discussed in this paper. The kinematic derivation and dynamic modelling are also presented. Characteristically, mecanum wheels face traditional mobile application issues like jerking and slippage, contributing to low positioning accuracy and repeatability. Besides, environmental factors like disturbance and uncertainty also contribute to these issues. The control strategies in previous research have been reviewed and presented in this paper to reduce the effect. Finally, a low-cost prototype of MWMR was developed as an experimental platform for future study. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2020-11-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/39 10.23917/arstech.v1i2.39 Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech); Vol. 1 No. 2 (2020): Applied Research and Smart Technology; 71-82 2722-9645 2722-9637 10.23917/arstech.v1i2 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/39/66 Copyright (c) 2020 Mohd Azri Abd Mutalib, Norsinnira Zainul Azlan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/52 2024-11-09T09:14:54Z arstech:ART

Potency of natural and synthetic composites for ballistic resistance: A review Yaakob, Mohd Yuhazri Saion, Mohamad Pazlin Husin, Mohd Amirhafizan Composite fibres Weaving pattern Reinforcement Mechanical test Ballistic test Mechanical characteristics of the laminated composite crafted from fabric type reinforcement perhaps inspired via the weaving method and reinforcement agent's usage due to each layer's constructional parameter. As a result, research on the arrangement configuration between bio composite and synthetic fibre for the material shape was proposed to enhance the composite structure's biodiversity and physical characteristics. Substitute for natural fibre in synthetic fibre composite works has shown the excessive capacity to be explored scientifically. The evaluation focused on the concept and essential of bio composite and the synthetic composite fabric positioned over the years from the previous studies of the preliminary researches. The sorts and features of matrix and fibre filler reinforcement materials in composites were also discussed. This assessment's main findings indicated that the composite centre relied on the weave styles and inter-ply and interplay lamination roles. Therefore, the state-of-the-art intraply for synthetic fibre and bio composite fibre in a composite shape was anticipated performing higher in mechanical energy, particularly within the application of ballistic resistance, besides decreased dependency on artificial fibre. It would ultimately suggest the excellent weave sample designs in the proper combination shape of natural and synthetic fibres embedded with polymers. The statistical results were compared with the experimental parameters available inside the literature review. The review explains approximately the studies and evolution within the enhancement of characteristic fibres reinforced polymer composites in ballistic resistance use. This paper goes over the body armour's profitable and present advancement materials, structure and development procedures, and related works on upgrading ballistic energy captivation and upgrading the mechanical tenacity for high impact resistance applications. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2020-11-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/52 10.23917/arstech.v1i2.52 Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech); Vol. 1 No. 2 (2020): Applied Research and Smart Technology; 43-55 2722-9645 2722-9637 10.23917/arstech.v1i2 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/52/63 Copyright (c) 2020 Mohd Yuhazri Yaakob, Mohamad Pazlin Saion, Mohd Amirhafizan Husin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/102 2024-11-09T09:23:15Z arstech:ART

A simplified approach for single carrier visible light communication transceiver using off-the-shelf components Ibhaze, Augustus Orukpe, Patience Edeko, Frederick Light Emitting Diode Photodetector Single Carrier Transistor Visible Light Communication Over the past decades, the demand for high-speed data transmission has grown exponentially, necessitating broadband technology integration to satisfy the emerging data-hungry society. This concern has engendered the proposition of a simplified optical wireless transceiver module using off-the-shelf electronic devices. According to the transistor to transistor logic levels, the transmitter module was made up of a single negative-positive-negative (NPN) transistor operated as a switch to drive an off-the-shelf 12V 5W light-emitting diode (LED). In contrast, the receiver was made up of a photodetector (solar) module for photons detection and back-conversion to electrical signals. The received signal was passed through a four-stage amplification process to remove the ambient noise and retrieve the data signal. The last transceiver module was demonstrated using personal computers. It was observed to perform at different optimum points consistent with exposure to fluorescent light, daytime, and night-time operations consequent upon the induced ambient light interference at data rates constrained by the communication device interface. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2020-11-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/102 10.23917/arstech.v1i2.102 Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech); Vol. 1 No. 2 (2020): Applied Research and Smart Technology; 64-70 2722-9645 2722-9637 10.23917/arstech.v1i2 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/102/65 Copyright (c) 2020 Augustus Ibhaze, Patience Orukpe, Frederick Edeko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/149 2024-11-09T09:10:54Z arstech:ART

Performance of spark-ignition engine at various fuel octane numbers Prihatno, Anton Hendrawan, Andi Engine performance Spark-ignition engine Motorcycle communication system Fossil fuels Research octane number The paper describes the performance of a spark-ignition engine at various fuel octane numbers. This study was realised using a 150cc automatic motorcycle with a compression ratio of 10.6:1. The experiments were conducted on three types of gasoline with different research octane numbers (RON), namely 88, 90, and 92. The torque and power of the engine were evaluated using a dyno test, while fuel consumption was simultaneously monitored during the experiments. The data were then collected and analysed using Motorcycle Communication System (MCS). The MCS measurements indicated that fuel with RON 92 allows the vehicle to reach the top speed and rotation at a gas opening angle of 25° - 79°. Applying fuel with the proper octane number in an engine with a particular compression ratio can maintain optimal engine performance. Decreasing the fuel's octane rating from the recommended conditions based on the engine specifications causes a decrease in engine performance. Torque and power tend to drop, and fuel is not economical. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2022-07-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/149 10.23917/arstech.v2i1.149 Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech); Vol. 2 No. 1 (2021): Applied Research and Smart Technology; 34-40 2722-9645 2722-9637 10.23917/arstech.v2i1 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/149/235 Copyright (c) 2021 Anton Prihatno, Andi Hendrawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/165 2024-11-09T08:56:18Z arstech:ART

Contact stress analysis of a spur gear using Lewis and Hertz theory Muhammad, Aisha Haruna Shanono, Ibrahim Ansys Finite Element Method Safety factor Contact stress Finite element analysis The rapid development of the automobile and aircraft industries has made applying gear technology necessary. Gears offer the benefits of efficiency, reliability, simplicity and a higher speed ratio with power transmission. However, they cannot transmit power over a long period, are more expensive when compared to belts and chain drives and requires continuous lubrication. They are used for transmitting high load in gear tools. The gear teeth fail when subjected to a high load beyond a certain limit. A deciding factor in gear design is the amount of stress developed on the contact surface of the mating gears. This paper deals with contact stress analysis of spur gear. The theoretical analysis presented in this paper aims to analyse rolling bearing contacts based on the principles of the Hertz and Lewis equations. A 3D domain-based finite element method was used to calculate the stresses between the contact surfaces of the structure. Contact analysis was performed using ANSYS Workbench software to figure out the deformation and optimum stress developed on the teeth of the gear. The simulation results indicated that the stress distribution on the gear contact surface has a maximum value of 144.82 MPa, while the deformation is at a maximum value of 0.01676 mm. The safety factor indicates the maximum level of 15, indicating the safety of the design. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2022-07-24 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/165 10.23917/arstech.v2i2.165 Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech); Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): Applied Research and Smart Technology ; 41-46 2722-9645 2722-9637 10.23917/arstech.v2i2 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/165/236 Copyright (c) 2022 Aisha Muhammad, Ibrahim Haruna Shanono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/184 2024-11-09T09:19:26Z arstech:ART

Characteristics of hardness and microstructure of extraction forceps for dental and oral care made of stainless-steel Kholis, Nur Nuryanto, Nuryanto Mustofa, Arif Hardness Microstructure Stainless-steel scanning electron microscopy (SEM) Medical material The reliability of medical devices such as extraction forceps is vital for dental and oral care. Apart from having hygienic properties, the extraction forceps must be strong and resistant to corrosion. This study evaluates the effects of tempering temperature on the hardness and microstructure of a medical device’s material made from stainless-steel DIN 4021. In the experiments, a heat treatment process was carried out previously with a temperature of 1,050°C and a holding time of 20 minutes. A quenching process was conducted using a cooling channel that flowed with water at 10-20°C. After the heat treatment, the material was subjected to a tempering process with temperature variations of 200, 400, and 600°C. The research results indicated that the heat treatment process could increase the material’s hardness —the hardness of the raw material changed from 20 to 48.67 HRC with the heat treatment. The tempering parameters resulted in the highest hardness of 46.67 HRC at 200°C and the lowest value of 42.33 HRC at 600°C. Microstructure testing using optical microscopy showed that it produced ferrite, pearlite, and martensite structures. In contrast, the result of a microstructure testing using Scanning Electron Microscopy on the surface of the material is that the higher the tempering temperature, the greater the microstructures’ dimension. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2020-11-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/184 10.23917/arstech.v1i2.184 Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech); Vol. 1 No. 2 (2020): Applied Research and Smart Technology; 56-63 2722-9645 2722-9637 10.23917/arstech.v1i2 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/184/64 Copyright (c) 2020 Nur Kholis, Nuryanto Nuryanto, Arif Mustofa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/185 2024-11-09T09:08:15Z arstech:ART

General design criteria for neonatal temperature monitoring sensor using "smart material" conducting polymer development: A review Syamimi, Nor Yahud, Shuhaida Conducting material Flexible temperature sensor Neonates Patient monitoring Thermistor Surface thermistors are being currently used in patient monitoring, including temperature monitoring among neonates. However, these thermistors are reported as being mechanically rigid. This review article aims to provide researchers with a guide to better design a flexible neonatal temperature monitoring sensor. A literature search was conducted to obtain available literature on temperature sensors with specific attention to designing flexible temperature sensors. The achievement of a flexible type thermistor for neonates requires a basic understanding of the thermistor. Also, the conducting polymer material being used and the rationale for their placement. The updated technology in thermistors should be made flexible for the ease of neonates during monitoring. Careful considerations for the design and conduct of flexible temperature sensor research as outlined in this review would help to enhance the quality and comparability of future research studies. Considerations for efficient neonatal temperature monitoring and protection include accuracy, sensor's size, weight, material, and sensor placement. Flexible sensors could be the alternative to conventional bulky and stiff temperature sensors. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2021-06-23 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/185 10.23917/arstech.v2i1.185 Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech); Vol. 2 No. 1 (2021): Applied Research and Smart Technology; 18-26 2722-9645 2722-9637 10.23917/arstech.v2i1 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/185/102 Copyright (c) 2021 Nor Syamimi, Shuhaida Yahud https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/218 2024-11-09T09:09:35Z arstech:ART

An experimental study of the dynamic properties of smart composite magnetorheological materials Aguib, Salah Roubah, Salah Hadji, Mohamed Kobzili, Lallia Noureddine, Chikh Djedid, Toufik Dynamic properties Loss factor Magnetic field intensity Magnetorheological materials Rigidity A magnetorheological is a new generation of smart materials in active mechanical vibration and shock control applications. This article is based on a comparative experimental study of the dynamic properties of magnetorheological elastomers (MRE) and magnetorheological fluids (MRF), whose damping and stiffness are controlled simultaneously by applying magnetic field intensity. The dynamic visco-analyser and rheometer were used to test the behaviour of MRE and MRF. The response of both materials depends on the amplitude due to shear strain. The experimental results clearly show the difference between the dynamic properties of MRE and MRF. More specifically, MFRs have high damping with low stiffness; on the other hand, the MRE has average damping with outstanding rigidity. These results help designers achieve more efficient and reliable structures in various engineering fields, such as buildings and mechanical applications. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2021-06-22 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/218 10.23917/arstech.v2i1.218 Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech); Vol. 2 No. 1 (2021): Applied Research and Smart Technology; 27-33 2722-9645 2722-9637 10.23917/arstech.v2i1 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/218/101 Copyright (c) 2021 Salah Aguib, Salah Roubah, Mohamed Hadji, Lallia Kobzili, Chikh Noureddine, Toufik Djedid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/279 2024-11-09T09:05:22Z arstech:ART

Investigation of electrical treeing in perspex material Abderrazzaq, Mohammad Perspex material Electrical tree Treeing photography Ionised water Deionised water Perspex has been known for a long time as a polymeric material, and it has been used for a large number of electrical and non-electrical applications. The present work was carried out to investigates the ageing mechanism of perspex material under a high electric field. The electrical treeing phenomenon was studied using perspex samples with electrodes of a pin-to-plane configuration. The growth of an electrical tree in Perspex was measured and analysed with the aid of an advanced microscope, equipped with a high-resolution camera and connected to a personal computer. Several distinct stages were assigned to characterise the electrical tree development. The area occupied by the electrical tree channels was calculated using equal-area squares. This approach was employed to measure the growth rate of electrical trees under dry and wet conditions. The tree construction, shape and growth speed were studied and analysed to distinguish between treeing phenomenon under wet and dry conditions of fabricated perspex specimens. The absorption of water has increased the tree growth inside the samples, and ions with water have accelerated the breakdown process. The findings of this study are essential to improve the performance of perspex material, which is widely used in a variety of applications for both energy and non-energy purposes. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2021-06-19 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/279 10.23917/arstech.v2i1.279 Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech); Vol. 2 No. 1 (2021): Applied Research and Smart Technology; 1-7 2722-9645 2722-9637 10.23917/arstech.v2i1 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/279/99 Copyright (c) 2021 Mohammad Abderrazzaq https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/306 2024-11-09T09:06:41Z arstech:ART

Degradation of distillery spent wash using monopolar parallel and monopolar series electrocoagulation process Pujari, Sukanya Wagh, Manoj Dare, Shila Distillery spent wash Electrocoagulation Novel electrodes Aluminium foil Chemical oxygen demand In waste treatment and water management issues, electrocoagulation (EC) is the most cost-effective and environmentally friendly option. In the study, EC treatment of distillery spent wash was carried out using new electrodes packed with aluminium foil scraps. These metal scraps were packed in a mesh to function as anode and cathode electrodes. Electrochemical treatment was carried out for 150 minutes, and samples were analysed regularly to determine the colour and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The impact of operating parameters such as pH, applied current, electrolysis time, agitation speed, and electrode distance on colour and COD removal was investigated. The EC processes were carried out in monopolar parallel (MP-P) and monopolar series (MP-S). The MP-S connection measured the potential difference between the amplified pair of electrodes, whereas the output signals in the MP-P connection were formed by several input electrodes, resulting in a high removal rate. The results indicated that the MP-P relationships enhance the COD removal rate by 4.16 to 8.06 %. An optimum chemical oxygen demand degradation is 77.29 % at pH 3, and decolourisation is 76.55 % at pH 8.3. TDS is reduced to a maximum of 58.32 %, while sulfate and chloride are reduced to 64.72 and 20.44 %, respectively. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2021-06-19 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/306 10.23917/arstech.v2i1.306 Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech); Vol. 2 No. 1 (2021): Applied Research and Smart Technology; 8-17 2722-9645 2722-9637 10.23917/arstech.v2i1 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/306/100 Copyright (c) 2021 Sukanya Pujari, Manoj Wagh, Shila Dare https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/405 2024-11-09T08:57:38Z arstech:ART

Investigation of heat treatment strategies for improvement of production capacity of coin stamping dies Sutisna, Nanang Ali Permana, Fahyudha Heat treatment Production capacity Stamping dies Bohler K340 Quenching This paper presents a study on the production capacity of stamping dies for minting coins under different heat treatment processes, particularly austenite temperatures, using a vacuum furnace. In the study, the specimen material was made from Bohler K340 steel. The first heat treatment strategy included heating the specimens to a stable austenite temperature at 1080°C, then holding for 120 minutes and cooling rapidly with gas quenching media with a pressure of 5 bar. Tempered treatment was performed at 500°C. Another strategy was similar to the first one, except the heating temperature at 1060°C and double tempering at 575°C. After the heat treatment process, microstructure observation and hardness testing were carried out. Finally, the production of the die capacity testing on the coining machine was conducted. The results of the specimen surface photographs of the two heat treatment strategies show a significant difference in the microstructure, similarly with the hardness value obtained from single tempering is 61.98 HRC and from double tempering is 57.94 HRC. The production capacity test result indicates that the average capacity of first and second dies are 101,250 coins and 171,150 coins, respectively. It means that the second dies exceed the minimum standard production capacity of dies as determined by the Quality Control department, which is 150,000 coins. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2022-07-24 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/405 10.23917/arstech.v2i2.405 Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech); Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): Applied Research and Smart Technology ; 47-54 2722-9645 2722-9637 10.23917/arstech.v2i2 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/405/237 Copyright (c) 2022 Nanang Ali Sutisna, Fahyudha Permana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/406 2024-11-09T08:50:45Z arstech:ART

Redesign of water-diesel emulsion fuel mixer Mahadi, Abram Anggit Santoso, Budi Ubaidillah, Ubaidillah Lenggana, Bhre Wangsa Biodiesel Droplet Emulsion Non-surfactant Real time emulsion Emissions and fuel consumption are essential parameters to indicate the working of a combustion engine. This paper discusses the methods to achieve lower emissions and efficient fuel consumption. One of the methods is by making emulsion fuel. The emulsion-making methods are surfactant emulsion, micro-emulsion, ultrasonic emulsion, and real-time emulsion non-surfactant (RTES). In the research, the emulsion fuel is a mixture of B30 Biodiesel and water without surfactant that is supplied in real-time after being mixed in a mixer. The ratio is 85% biodiesel and 15% water. The RTES mixer in the old model has a big size, and high-power consumption of about 150-433,5 W. This research's purpose is to develop a simple design and low power consumption of the RTES Mixer. The new RTES mixer design only needs 150 W motor power. Its dimension is more superficial and produces tiny droplets with a main diameter range between 0.1 to 0.5 ?m, with good-mixed visually.   Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2022-08-07 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/406 10.23917/arstech.v3i1.406 Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): Applied Research and Smart Technology; 18-28 2722-9645 2722-9637 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/406/274 Copyright (c) 2022 Abram Anggit Mahadi, Budi Santoso, Ubaidillah Ubaidillah, Bhre Wangsa Lenggana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/428 2024-11-09T08:59:34Z arstech:ART

Concept design and simulation analysis of floating water turbine Al-Quraishi, Mohammed Baqer Zaki Yahya binti Mohd, Siti Syafiqah Sarip, Shamsul Binti Mohammad, Roslina Mad Kaidi , Hazilah Concept Design Water Turbine Floating turbine Small-scale turbine CFD Researchers in Malaysia are attempting to advance and develop the renewable energy sector in response to increased emissions, fossil fuel exhaustion, and the need for electricity in remote areas. Water turbines are known to have a high potential for generating electricity. This paper aims to propose a new floating turbine concept and analyse it using Computational Fluid Dynamics. In the study, finding the idea started with infaring the market needs in Malaysia and transforming them into design requirements by utilising tools like the requirement table and the objective tree. After that, the requirements were changed to a function box to understand the functionality of the turbine. A task specification table was implemented to assign the specifications and create four concepts. One of the four concepts was chosen using the evaluation chart to undergo CFD analysis. The selected concept was validated using the dynamic mesh technique in ANSYS Fluent. A grid independence study and boundary sensitivity study were conducted to ensure the accuracy of the solution. The sliding mesh technique measured the performance of the turbine. It was found that the proposed turbine has higher performance than typical Savonius turbines, from 0.1 to 0.42 and 0.8 to 1.3  (Turbine Performance) and TSR (Tip Speed Ratio), respectively. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2022-07-24 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/428 10.23917/arstech.v2i2.428 Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech); Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): Applied Research and Smart Technology ; 55-68 2722-9645 2722-9637 10.23917/arstech.v2i2 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/428/238 Copyright (c) 2022 Mohammed Baqer Zaki Yahya Al-Quraishi, Siti Syafiqah binti Mohd, Shamsul Sarip, Roslina Binti Mohammad, Hazilah Mad Kaidi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/440 2024-11-09T09:03:27Z arstech:ART

Sustainability and friendly circulation path in Sangiran museum, Sragen Indonesia Hanendya, Seruni Inas Syamsiyah, Nur Rahmawati Accessible Friendly circulation Sangiran museum Sustainability Circulation pathway Museums are windows into a country's past. Museums can tell stories about history and life. Sangiran museum is one of the world's heritages that tell the story of human evolution from prehistoric times to the present. The presence of historical or other information in the museum heavily relies on the zoning of space and circulation paths. The circulation of visitor movements between spaces and buildings significantly impacts the museum's function. Submission of historical information to visitors will be easier to understand if there is good circulation, which supports visitor movement activities. In the observations, the movement of visitors at the Sangiran museum has constructed an uncomfortable feeling for the users. This study aims to assess the circulation path's compliance with government standards. Due to the nature of this study, a descriptive qualitative approach is required. The study discovered three types of circulation paths that were not user-friendly, namely ram, stairs, and hallways. They did not meet Indonesian government and international data architecture standards. Hence, this study proposes an easy-to-implement design to ensure the long-term function and sustainability of the circulation pathway. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2022-07-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/440 10.23917/arstech.v2i2.440 Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech); Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): Applied Research and Smart Technology ; 80-88 2722-9645 2722-9637 10.23917/arstech.v2i2 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/440/245 Copyright (c) 2022 Seruni Inas Hanendya, Nur Rahmawati Syamsiyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/442 2024-11-09T09:01:07Z arstech:ART

Optimisation of power quality in solar/wind power stations using developed artificial bee/ant hybrid heuristic algorithm Zile, Mehmet Bee/ant hybrid algorithm Heuristic algorithm Power quality optimisation Renewable energy Solar/wind power plants Voltage regulation needs to be optimised to reduce energy losses and improve power quality in renewable solar/wind plants. The Artificial Bee/Ant Hybrid Heuristic Algorithm has been developed in the study, and voltage regulation was optimised using this developed algorithm. A computer program in the C++ programming language was developed to prevent the undesired effects of electrical events occurring during the integration of renewable energy sources and to make the system work more efficiently. The interface of the program was made using the Visual Studio program. It became possible to produce power estimation, power quality estimation and power loss estimation using the intuitive artificial bee/ant hybrid algorithm created on the data set obtained from solar and wind power plants. It was found that there is a ± 4% difference between the values obtained with the developed algorithm and the computer program and the values obtained from the power plants. The developed algorithm and the computer program successfully optimise power quality in solar/wind power stations. The study makes it possible to estimate the amount of energy produced, the amount of energy loss, and the quality of energy in solar/wind power stations. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2022-07-24 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/442 10.23917/arstech.v2i2.442 Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech); Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): Applied Research and Smart Technology ; 69-79 2722-9645 2722-9637 10.23917/arstech.v2i2 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/442/239 Copyright (c) 2022 Mehmet Zile https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/456 2024-11-09T08:48:01Z arstech:ART

Investigation of electrical tree stress using colour techniques Abderrazzaq, Mohammad Colour Hue Saturation Tree Value Treeing is one of the severe problems which cause the deterioration and breakdown of electrical insulation materials. Different approaches have been used to characterise this phenomenon, from experiments to analysis. The results of both methods were criticised for their dependence on the assumptions and applied conditions. In this work, the role of colours in understanding the characteristics of electrical treeing in composite insulation was employed. The relationship between the induced strain, associated with the electrical tree, and the change of colour parameters, represented by hue, saturation, and value indicators, was presented. The images were created by relative retardation orthogonal components of the polarised white light used to illuminate the specimens in the microscope. An image-editing software was used to analyse the tree colours, whereas the MATLAB program was written to determine the colour mapping of examined image. The variation of each colour parameter was linked with the tree distribution. It was then introduced as an indicator of stress at each examined point. Therefore, the contribution of the present paper is summarised as an introduction of a new tool to characterise stress in insulation materials by converting a treed image into a numerical array of data without the need to follow a complex mathematical procedure. Finally, this paper can better assess the treeing phenomenon by correlating the direction of tree growth to the rate of change for each colour parameter in that direction. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2022-08-05 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/456 10.23917/arstech.v3i1.456 Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): Applied Research and Smart Technology; 9-17 2722-9645 2722-9637 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/456/263 Copyright (c) 2022 Mohammad Abderrazzaq https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/480 2024-11-09T08:46:22Z arstech:ART

IoT-based system for monitoring the drying time of date seeds in the manufacturing of date coffee Jasmine, Arviena Triawati, Erma Date palm seeds Drying room Electrical measurement Internet of things Smartphone Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is a plant of the Phoenix palms whose fruit tastes sweet and can be consumed by humans. These fruit seeds usually only become a waste and never be utilised by people. The research tries to reduce the waste of date palm by using the date palm fruit seeds to replace the coffee beans. One of the processes of changing date palm fruit seeds to coffee beans is drying the seeds. Instead of using a traditional drying method, this study has designed a prototype of an Internet of Things (IoT) based monitoring system tools inside the drying room that allow humidity and temperature sensors, heater, fan, and mixer to be monitored through a smartphone in real-time. Hence, the monitoring tools inside the drying room could be controlled easily, and the data could be saved as databases in smartphone applications. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2022-08-05 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/480 10.23917/arstech.v3i1.480 Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): Applied Research and Smart Technology; 1-8 2722-9645 2722-9637 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/480/262 Copyright (c) 2022 Arviena Jasmine, Erma Triawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/761 2024-11-09T08:52:21Z arstech:ART

Effects of heat treatment on microstructure and hardness of D2 tools Hariningsih, Hariningsih Lutiyatmi, Lutiyatmi Daryanto, Tri Chromium tool Heat treatment Hardness Microstructure Tool steel D2 high chromium tool steel is widely used to produce tools and components that work at significant dynamic loads, such as dies, punches and rollers. The steel must have a good combination of strength and toughness, which heat treatment can obtain. Therefore, this study discusses the effect of normalising, hardening, and tempering on the microstructure and hardness of D2 tools. Normalising and hardening were carried out respectively at 1020°C for 30 minutes, followed by rapid cooling using oil. Tempering was realised by reheating the quenched sample at 250°C and 400°C with variations in holding time of 15 minutes, 30 minutes, and 45 minutes. The hardness of the specimens was measured using a Rockwell hardness tester, whereas the microstructure was observed with an optical microscope. The results indicated that the microstructure changes to martensite and carbide after quenching, while the microstructure becomes tempered martensite and carbide after tempering. Normalising and hardening have almost no impact on hardness, and the increase in temperature and holding time causes a decrease in hardness. The reduction in hardness is noticeable for steels tempered to 400 °C and held for 45 minutes. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2022-08-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/761 10.23917/arstech.v3i1.761 Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): Applied Research and Smart Technology; 29-37 2722-9645 2722-9637 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/761/285 Copyright (c) 2022 Hariningsih Hariningsih, Lutiyatmi Lutiyatmi, Tri Daryanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/1021 2024-11-09T08:53:58Z arstech:ART

Image-based disease detection and classification in Indian apple plant species by using deep learning Wani, Sidrah Fayaz Ashraf, Arselan Sophian, Ali Convolutional neural networks Deep learning Plant disease detection Smart agriculture Plant diseases are a major threat to food security, but their rapid identification remains difficult in many parts of the world due to the lack of the necessary infrastructure. Traditional farming methods are insufficient to address the impending global food crises. As a result, agricultural productivity growth is critical, and new techniques and methods are required for efficient and sustainable farming practices that balance the supply chain according to customer demand. Even though India is one of the most agriculturally dependent countries, it nevertheless suffers from various agricultural shortages. Plant diseases that go unnoticed and untreated are one such deprivation. Developing an intelligent automated technique for plant disease detection is explored in this research. Deep learning is used to create a smart system for image-based disease detection in Indian apple plant species. Specifically, this study uses a convolution neural network architecture, ResNet-34, to identify diseases in apple plants. Based on 70-30% and 80-20% dataset partition, the proposed model obtained an accuracy of 97.5% and 98.4%, respectively. The results obtained from this study illustrate the productive exploration and utility of the proposed model for future research by implementing various deep learning models and incorporating additional modules that provide cure and preventative measures for the detected diseases.    Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2022-08-26 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/1021 10.23917/arstech.v3i1.1021 Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech); Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): Applied Research and Smart Technology; 38-48 2722-9645 2722-9637 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/1021/299 Copyright (c) 2022 Sidrah Fayaz Wani, Arselan Ashraf, Ali Sophian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/1149 2024-11-09T08:31:24Z arstech:ART

The effects of heat input and electrode type on the mechanical properties of welded A309 stainless steel using a shielded metal arc welding Anyanwu, Kingsley Onyekachi Nzei, Harrison Ogochukwu Onuoha, Chukwudike Ehirim, Victor Ikechukwu A309 stainless steel Electrode Heat input Mechanical properties SMAW process This study deals with an experimental study to evaluate the influence of heat and electrode type on the mechanical properties of welded A309 stainless steel using shielded metal arc welding (SMAW). Samples were prepared with a welding angle of 45 deg. Seventy-eight samples made of A309 stainless steel were used in the experiments, in which half of the pieces were welded using A309 electrodes and half with E7018 electrodes. The samples were subjected to a tensile test and Charpy test accordingly. Several parameters, such as welding current (I), heat input (H), the final length of the tensile specimen (Lf), elongation percentage (%E), yield strength (σy), and impact energy, were observed. The results show that the increase in current from 100 to 225 A causes the growth of heat input from 0.56 to 1.26 kJ/mm, impacting the decrease of the percentage elongation and yield strength, including the energy impact reduction. On the other hand, all mechanical properties tested have relatively low heat input at 0.56 kJ/mm and relatively high heat input at 0.7 kJ/mm. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2023-08-17 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/1149 10.23917/arstech.v4i1.1149 Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech); Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): Applied Research and Smart Technology; 43-52 2722-9645 2722-9637 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/1149/751 Copyright (c) 2023 Kingsley Onyekachi Anyanwu, Harrison Ogochukwu Nzei, Chukwudike Onuoha, Victor Ikechukwu Ehirim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/1185 2024-11-09T08:34:21Z arstech:ART

Development of an acoustic guitar tuner and graphical user interface (GUI) using MATLAB Hasan, Mohammad Mainul Islam, Saiful Acoustic Signal Butterworth Filter Fast Fourier Transform MATLAB GUI Tuning Beautiful music requires precisely tuned instruments. Tuning a guitar is necessary for any guitarist on their first day. This work demonstrates an understanding of the critical characteristics that must be considered while developing an acoustic guitar tuner and the logical process of designing such a tuner. The study aimed to create an algorithm using the Butterworth Filter and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) capable of adequately analysing the frequency spectrum of a plucked guitar string to determine its fundamental frequency. The developed system compared the detected frequency and the standard frequency of the picked guitar string, which then requested the user on the tuning state of that corresponding string. The error in frequency detection was found to be in the order of 0.02%. The MATLAB App Designer tool created a Graphical User Interface (GUI) that users could use to easily tune guitars using the generated application. The implemented tuner overcame the steep learning curve and high sensitivity of traditional ones. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2022-12-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/1185 10.23917/arstech.v3i2.1185 Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech); Vol. 3 No. 2 (2022): Applied Research and Smart Technology; 49-55 2722-9645 2722-9637 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/1185/379 Copyright (c) 2022 Mohammad Mainul Hasan, Saiful Islam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/1186 2024-11-09T08:39:41Z arstech:ART

The effects of robot's social praise on human responses in 2D game Fadli, Nursabrina Suraya Ghazali, Aimi Shazwani Shamsul Bahrin, Muhammad Ikmal Hakim GSR sensor Human responses Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) Persuasive attempt Social praise Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) is an interaction between humans and robots through verbal and/or non-verbal cues. Studies in the HRI field concern the psychological effect, especially reactance, experienced by humans in decision-making situations with robots. This study applied persuasive attempts to investigate the impact of social praise by a social robot on human psychological reactance in a decision-making situation. The robot socially expressed its recognition (an acknowledgement of the existence) and reassurance (the action of removing someone's doubts) towards humans in a game, namely "Survival in Island". Social praise was expressed verbally in adoring human activities, such as 'Good Job' for following the robot's decision-making suggestions. The study randomly divided the participants into two conditions (social praise: presence vs absence) in a between-subject design study. Besides using questionnaires to measure humans' psychological conditions, the level of stress experienced by humans was also collected using a Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) sensor. The results indicated significant effects of social praise on perceived ease of use toward the robot, perceived intention to use the robot again in the future, perceived belief towards the robot and perceived compliance with the robot's suggestions through MANOVA tests. The study did not find other significant psychological and physiological effects of praise. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2022-12-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/1186 10.23917/arstech.v3i2.1186 Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech); Vol. 3 No. 2 (2022): Applied Research and Smart Technology; 64-71 2722-9645 2722-9637 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/1186/381 Copyright (c) 2022 Nursabrina Suraya Fadli, Aimi Shazwani Ghazali, Muhammad Ikmal Hakim Shamsul Bahrin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/1187 2024-11-09T08:44:00Z arstech:ART

Enhancing social responses: effects of controlling language by a social robot in a decision-making game for human-robot interaction (HRI) Rosli, Muhammad Azeem Ghazali, Aimi Shazwani Shamsul Bahrin, Muhammad Ikmal Hakim Decision-making game Galvanic skin response (GSR) Human-robot interaction (HRI) Psychological reactance Wizard of oz (WoZ) The rise of technology has induced the development of robots that engage with humans through social interaction. The robot is believed to be capable of assisting humans in their life. However, the current technology is still far from a fully autonomous robot as there are many limitations. Additionally, it is unclear whether the current social robot effectively influences social reactance in Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). The study's objective is to investigate the influence of social cues used by the social robot on human social responses for HRI applications. Also, the study validates the reactance scale used in the questionnaire by correlating the measure with Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) readings. The study proposes a Wizard of Oz (WoZ) approach to observe HRI through decision-making games. A social robot is programmed to persuade participants to make choices. The participants' decisions made during the experiment and their GSR reading are recorded, and then they are asked to answer questionnaires. Statistical analyses are done on the collected data using the regression and MANOVA statistical tests. As a result, there is a significant correlation between GSR reading and enjoyment. Regarding social cues, the participants feel more relaxed when the social robot exhibits social cues in High Controlling Language (HCL) conditions rather than Low Controlling Language (LCL) conditions. Furthermore, the Attitude trait of the social robots greatly influences human perceived social intelligence towards the robot. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2022-12-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/1187 10.23917/arstech.v3i2.1187 Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech); Vol. 3 No. 2 (2022): Applied Research and Smart Technology; 81-92 2722-9645 2722-9637 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/1187/383 Copyright (c) 2022 Muhammad Azeem Rosli, Aimi Shazwani Ghazali, Muhammad Ikmal Hakim Shamsul Bahrin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/1188 2024-11-09T08:36:38Z arstech:ART

CanSat design and implementation for remote sensing applications Atallah, Mohammed Alkalbani, Dhabiya Alsheryani, Maha Albedwawi, Moza Alshehhi, Reem Almeqbaali, Reem Okasha, Mohamed Dief, Tarek N. CanSat design Educational satellite Microcontroller Remote sensing Wireless communication With the increasing potential of satellite technology, it becomes crucial to learn its principles and develop the basic satellite subsystems for the undergraduate level. Working on a real satellite is a challenging target and requires a solid technical background. In contrast, less complex models, such as CanSat, CubSat and HeptaSat, introduce basic ideas to the undergraduate studies level. This paper presents the CanSat design and implementation for remote sensing applications such as measuring the CO2 level in contaminated areas. The CanSat has the size of a soft drink can and simulates the subsystems of the satellite (e.g., payload, power, communication, onboard computer, and structural). Its mission was to be released from a certain altitude and send real-time data to the ground station during landing. The design process was elucidated at the subsystem level. It included the mission requirements and specifications, component selection, and software and hardware design. Arduino Nano was utilised as an onboard computer. A printed Circuit Board (PCB) was designed using Diptrace© to connect the electronic components to Arduino Nano. Xbee was used as a communication module to send the collected data to the host computer. This data was visualised in real-time by LabView©. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2022-12-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/1188 10.23917/arstech.v3i2.1188 Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech); Vol. 3 No. 2 (2022): Applied Research and Smart Technology; 56-63 2722-9645 2722-9637 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/1188/380 Copyright (c) 2022 Mohammed Atallah, Dhabiya Alkalbani, Maha Alsheryani, Moza Albedwawi, Reem Alshehhi, Reem Almeqbaali, Mohamed Okasha, Tarek N. Dief https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/1190 2024-11-09T08:42:12Z arstech:ART

A remotely-controlled micro airship for wireless coverage Kafafy, Raed Okasha, Mohamed Alblooshi, Shamma Almansoori, Hessa Alkaabi, Salma Alshamsi, Salma Alkaabi, Turfa Airship design Air vehicles Remote control Thrust vectoring Wireless coverage This paper describes the design process and prototype development of a remotely controlled airship for wireless coverage. The airship is designed to be used as a platform to provide wireless coverage for rural areas. The design process follows a systematic design process for lighter-than-air vehicles, modified to impart slight heaviness to the vehicle. A remotely-controlled, thrust-vectored electric propulsion system offsets the slight vehicle heaviness. The electric propulsion system comprises two tilting rotors for takeoff, cruise, hovering, and horizontal manoeuvring. A rudder-less, rotor-less, cruciform fin design was implemented. A reduced-scale prototype of the airship was developed to prove the design concept. The airship prototype was successfully tested in an indoor environment. It was discovered that propeller tilting enables the dynamic thrust vectoring demanded by the various flight manoeuvres. If the airship can fly, no one will have to handle its flight when it is needed for wireless coverage. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2022-12-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/1190 10.23917/arstech.v3i2.1190 Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech); Vol. 3 No. 2 (2022): Applied Research and Smart Technology; 72-80 2722-9645 2722-9637 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/1190/382 Copyright (c) 2022 Raed Kafafy, Mohamed Okasha, Shamma Alblooshi, Hessa Almansoori, Salma Alkaabi, Salma Alshamsi, Turfa Alkaabi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/1338 2024-11-09T08:21:50Z arstech:ART

Establishing the effectiveness of life cycle assessment to assess the environmental impact of passenger cars using biofuels: A Review Marchant, Denis Christensen, Jesper Davies, Huw Biofuels Gasoline Greenhouse gas emissions Life cycle assessment Passenger car Predictions and decisions made by legislators may be partially or wholly informed by the results of life cycle assessment studies, but the outcomes can vary significantly. This review seeks to establish whether existing life cycle assessment study results are accurate and if there are errors or deficiencies in life cycle inventory databases, chosen methodologies, or choice of life cycle assessment tool that may impact the outcome of life cycle assessment studies. The context of the work is set against the role bioethanol/gasoline blends might play in reducing the environmental impact of internal combustion engine-powered vehicles. The findings indicate inaccuracies exist and that there are various reasons for this. The accuracy of life cycle assessment results is affected by differences and inconsistencies that occur between life cycle inventory databases, the choice of life cycle inventory databases and life cycle assessment tools and because, in many cases, life cycle assessment methodology does not specify whether the biofuel content in the fuel is considered. The increase in the average age of biofuel-compatible passenger cars challenges the validity of results obtained by employing the commonly used approach based on fixed annual mileage profiles and lifetime activity. Uncertainty is a significant factor, and more attention should be paid to uncertainty analysis. Evidence shows the use of biofuels can deliver considerable environmental gains and reductions in CO2, especially in blends containing a higher percentage of biofuel. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2023-08-17 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/1338 10.23917/arstech.v4i1.1338 Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech); Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): Applied Research and Smart Technology; 1-15 2722-9645 2722-9637 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/1338/669 Copyright (c) 2023 Denis Marchant, Jesper Christensen, Huw Davies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/1435 2024-11-09T08:24:11Z arstech:ART

Development of a variance model for the prediction of water absorption and thickness swelling for an experimental design pvc reinforced composite pipes Orhorhoro, Ejiroghene Kelly Tamuno, Rogers Ibunemisam Chukwuedo, Azuka Joses Variance model Reinforce PVC Water absorption Thickness swelling Composite pipes Water absorption is a significant constraint encountered when NFs reinforce polymer matrices. It is the primary cause of the breakdown of the fibre-matrix interface, resulting in swelling of the fibres, loss in the efficiency of load transfer between the matrix and the fibres, and ultimately a reduction in the strength and stiffness of the composites. This study investigated the development of a variance model for predicting water absorption and thickness swelling for an experimental design of Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) reinforced composite pipes. The quadratic model was used to model the influence of the process factors (independent variables) on the responses (i.e., water absorption and thickness swelling). Statistical analysis of the experimental data was carried out by fitting the chosen quadratic model to the data to estimate the unknown model parameters. The results revealed that the model was characterised by a high R2 value, indicating a perfect fit between the experimental observations and model predictions. The value of the variation coefficient was 3.320, which means the high precision and reliability of the model. The results of water absorption tests as a function of independent process factors showed that increasing the level of PVC in the composite material resulted in a decrease in the water absorption capacity of the material. This is desirable since an excellent composite pipe material should resist moisture intrusion. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2023-08-17 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/1435 10.23917/arstech.v4i1.1435 Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech); Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): Applied Research and Smart Technology; 16-24 2722-9645 2722-9637 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/1435/670 Copyright (c) 2023 Ejiroghene Kelly Orhorhoro, Rogers Ibunemisam Tamuno, Azuka Joses Chukwuedo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/1456 2024-11-09T08:11:26Z arstech:ART

The effects of diffuser profile on the performance of the liquid-gas ejector Salim, Amat Agus Sugati, Daru Diffuser Divergence angle Liquid-gas ejector Tiered divergence angle Nozzle Kinetic energy originating from liquid jets at high speed can be used as an energy source for liquid-gas ejector devices. An ejector is a tool often used to support one of the processes in the industry, such as vacuum process, desalination, distillation, and refrigeration. The ejector consists of several main components: the nozzle, suction chamber, mixing chamber or throat, and diffuser. These components influence each other, so that system performance is sensitive to the performance of these components. The diffuser functions as a dynamic head converter into a static head. Its performance is affected by its dimensions, so it needs to be investigated. This study aims to determine the effect profile of a diffuser with a divergence angle of 2β 7° and a diffuser with a tiered divergence angle of 2β. This study uses an experimental method with a motive flow pressure for the primary fluid of 201.32 kPa. This study found that changes in length and the angle of divergence of the diffuser affect the value of the pressure recovery coefficient and efficiency. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2023-11-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/1456 10.23917/arstech.v4i2.1456 Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech); Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): Applied Research and Smart Technology; 64-71 2722-9645 2722-9637 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/1456/883 Copyright (c) 2023 Amat Agus Salim, Daru Sugati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/1473 2024-11-09T08:26:07Z arstech:ART

Lighting system automation using a relay based on radio frequency identification tag input and kiosks’ information access with Telegram application in the modern market Ngalimin, Libratyan Jhon Christina, Erma Triawati Kristyawati, Desy Lighting automation Internet of things Lighting system NodeMCU ESP8266 RFID Advancements in technology necessitate the swift and efficient management of systems, particularly concerning electricity consumption and information dissemination. To address this, a prototype was developed to automate lighting systems and display kiosk information in modern markets. Key components utilized include an RFID reader, GPS module, NodeMCU ESP8266, and relays, all of which played crucial roles in the functioning of the prototype. The primary objective was to create a device capable of automatically controlling the lighting system through relays, triggered by RFID inputs, while also relaying kiosk information via the Telegram application. For instance, when a registered RFID tag is tapped while the shop is open and the lamp is initially on, the lamp will be switched off, ensuring energy efficiency and timely response. The GPS module is employed to obtain location data, which, along with kiosk open/close status, can be conveniently accessed through the Telegram app. This integration of the GPS module enhances the prototype's functionality by providing valuable location-based information, making it easier for users to monitor and access the information remotely. Test results demonstrate that the RFID tag can be read from a maximum distance of 4.5 cm, with an average processing time of 2.47 seconds for lamp switching and 5.6 seconds for accessing information. These performance metrics validate the efficacy of the prototype methodology in achieving its intended goals of automation, energy efficiency, and seamless information dissemination in modern markets. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2023-08-17 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/1473 10.23917/arstech.v4i1.1473 Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech); Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): Applied Research and Smart Technology; 25-32 2722-9645 2722-9637 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/1473/671 Copyright (c) 2023 Libratyan Jhon Ngalimin, Erma Triawati Christina, Desy Kristyawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/1775 2024-11-09T08:13:59Z arstech:ART

The effects of higher bioethanol blends on greenhouse gas emissions from the UK passenger car fleet at various time horizons during the transition to net zero: A review Marchant, Denis Christensen, Jesper Davies, Huw Bioethanol Environment Greenhouse gas emissions Passenger car Vehicle fleet turnover model There is a need to minimise the Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) of petrol-powered cars during the transition to net zero. This research examines the effects on GHG from the recent adoption of E10 as the standard 95-octane petrol grade in the United Kingdom (UK). Also, it considers the potential of using higher bioethanol blends within the national car fleet and the effect of increased lifetime mileage due to the growing incidence of extended vehicle ownership. A comprehensive fleet turnover model and a separate numerical model to predict the GHG emissions for various powertrain types using different bioethanol blends were developed. Sensitivity studies that model the effects of different annual mileage using E10 and applying the proposed UK fleet composition scenarios at 10-year intervals from 2020 to 2050 were conducted. The results support the claimed percentage reduction of GHG emissions arising from the UK petrol car fleet using E10 when compared to E5 and establish that using a higher bioethanol blend such as E15 would provide still further reductions in most instances except in the case of plug-in hybrid vehicles where an increase in GHG emissions was observed at the 2030 and 2040 time horizons. An increase in annual mileage creates a linear increase in GHG emissions, although the rate of increase is not the same for each propulsion type. Such an increase can potentially disrupt the achievement of the UK's 2050 net zero target and future periodic carbon budgets. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2023-11-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/1775 10.23917/arstech.v4i2.1775 Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech); Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): Applied Research and Smart Technology; 72-91 2722-9645 2722-9637 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/1775/884 Copyright (c) 2023 Denis Marchant, Jesper Christensen, Huw Davies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/1832 2024-11-09T08:28:52Z arstech:ART

Investigation of optimum reclining angles for wheelchair recliners during dental treatment Azhar, Anisah Farzana Nordin, Nor Hidayati Diyana Mohd, Farah Natashah Azmi, Nur Liyana Dental chair Dental treatment Ergonomic angle Wheelchair user Wheelchair recliner This paper discusses the development of a wheelchair recliner for dental treatment that can accommodate users of different body mass index (BMI) categories. The study aims to identify the ergonomic angle for a dental chair, design a wheelchair recliner with appropriate reclining angles, and analyse its performance using simulations and user testing with different BMI subjects. The simulation of the wheelchair recliner was performed using the Motion of Inspiration (MOI) 3D to analyse the withstanding load, including the wheelchair load and subject load (2000 N). The displacement and safety factor for the long pin of the recliner was also analysed. The study's main findings indicate that the developed wheelchair recliner can withstand a load of 2000N, which includes both the wheelchair load and the subject's load. The study tested the wheelchair recliner with three reclined angles: 40º, 45º, and 50º. It found that regardless of their BMI category, all subjects were comfortable using the wheelchair recliner at these angles during dental treatment. Overall, the study suggests that the developed wheelchair recliner has the potential to provide comfort to wheelchair users with various BMI categories during dental treatment, eliminating the need for uncomfortable transfers from the wheelchair to the dental chair. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2023-08-17 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/1832 10.23917/arstech.v4i1.1832 Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech); Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): Applied Research and Smart Technology; 33-42 2722-9645 2722-9637 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/1832/672 Copyright (c) 2023 Anisah Farzana Azhar, Nor Hidayati Diyana Nordin, Farah Natashah Mohd, Nur Liyana Azmi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/2576 2024-11-09T08:09:30Z arstech:ART

Identification of stock market manipulation using a hybrid ensemble approach Quinn, Pearse Toman, Marinus Curran, Kevin Anomaly Detection Deep Learning Exponential Smoothing Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Market Manipulation Anomaly detection in time series data is a complex data mining issue with many useful, real-world applications. Anomalies in datasets represent deviations in the expected behaviour of a system and can indicate rare but significant events that require intervention. Market manipulation is a serious issue in financial jurisdictions worldwide, with financial regulators such as the SEC constantly trying to prevent it and prosecute those guilty of it. This paper makes use of state-of-the-art deep learning techniques as well as more classical statistical techniques in order to detect anomalies in five real-world datasets. The predictions of these models are then aggregated in two different ensemble models. The results of the individual models as well as the ensemble models, are evaluated, and F1-Score measures performance. Nine individual models, consisting of three models based on LSTM with Dynamic Thresholding, three ARIMA models and three Exponential Smoothing models, were used to generate predictions of anomalies based on daily trading volumes. The individual predictions of these models were then aggregated, with two different ensemble methods being used, namely the majority voting ensemble method and the ensemble averaging aggregation method. While both performed well, the majority voting ensemble method was seen to be the superior method in this study, with an average F1Score of 0.494, compared to an F1Score of 0.414 for the ensemble averaging aggregation method. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2023-11-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/2576 10.23917/arstech.v4i2.2576 Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech); Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): Applied Research and Smart Technology; 53-63 2722-9645 2722-9637 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/2576/882 Copyright (c) 2023 Pearse Quinn, Marinus Toman, Kevin Curran https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/2759 2024-11-09T08:16:17Z arstech:ART

The impacts of nanoscale silica particle additives on fuel atomisation and droplet size in the internal combustion engines: A review Balikowa, Amuza Effendy, Marwan Ngafwan, Ngafwan Wandera, Catherine Combustion behavior Droplet size Engine performance Fuel atomisation Nanomaterial additives The combustion process in compression ignition (CI) engines is complex and affects their efficiency and emission levels. Internal combustion engines (ICE) are being studied to find better ways to burn fuel and produce less pollution to meet the growing demand for these qualities. However, one intriguing avenue is the utilisation of nanoparticle additives, such as silica nanoparticles, to enhance fuel atomisation and droplet size. This study aimed to comprehensively review the impact of silica nanoparticle additives on fuel atomisation and droplet size in internal combustion engines. This review explores the researchers' underlying mechanisms and experimental techniques to determine nanoparticle fuel additives' overall impact on engine performance. The results achieved from the literature study indicated that incorporating these nanoparticles (following the engine design and fuel formulations) can enhance combustion efficiency and reduce exhaust emissions, thereby contributing to developing more sustainable transportation and power production systems. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2023-11-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/2759 10.23917/arstech.v4i2.2759 Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech); Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): Applied Research and Smart Technology; 92-111 2722-9645 2722-9637 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/arstech/article/view/2759/885 Copyright (c) 2023 Amuza Balikowa, Marwan Effendy, Ngafwan Ngafwan, Catherine Wandera https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0