Effect of Perceptual Motor Program Combined with Obstacle Course Exercise on Dynamic Balance in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23917/fisiomu.v7i2.16791Keywords:
Autism Spectrum Disorder, Dynamic balance, Obstacle Course Exercise, Perceptual Motor Program, Pediatric Balance ScaleAbstract
Introduction: Disorders of the neuromuscular system in children with autism cause motor deficits which cause children with autism to be unable to move. This is caused by a decrease in postural tone. Disturbed postural tone in children with autism will also cause coordination disorders and abnormal movement patterns. Apart from that, improper postural control in children with autism will cause changes in balance and balance disorders. For this reason, researchers provide Perceptual Motor Program and Obstacle Course Exercise interventions in conditions of Autism Spectrum Disorder. To analyze the effect of Perceptual Motor Program and Obstacle Course Exercise on dynamic balance in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Methods: This research is quantitative research with a quasi-experimental research with a one group pre and posttest without control group. The subjects were 25 autism children with balance impairment. Dynamic balance measurements using Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS). Results: Based on the Wilcoxon Test, the significance value is <0.001 (p<0.05), mean that Perceptual Motor Program and Obstacle Course Exercise can improve dynamic balance. Conclusion: There is an effect of the combination of Perceptual Motor Program and Obstacle Course Exercise on improving dynamic balance function of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Downloads
References
Alfinna, T., Dyah, Y., & Santik, P. (2019). Higeia Journal Of Public Health Kejadian Autism Spectrum Disorder pada Anak di Kota Semarang. 3(4), 635–645.
Ansari, S., Ali, A., Fahimeh, H., & Masoumeh, A. (2020). The Effects of Aquatic Versus Kata Techniques Training on Static and Dynamic Balance in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, (0123456789). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04785-w
Arifadhi, T., & Susanti, N. (2019). Pengaruh Penatalaksanaan Fisioterapi Pada Anak Kondisi Autisme Dengan Modalitas Play Exercise (Perceptual Motor Program) Dan Hidroterapi (Balance and Coordination) Di Ypac Surakarta. Pena Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Dan Teknologi, 33(2), 53. https://doi.org/10.31941/jurnalpena.v33i2.902
Balasco, L., Provenzano, G., & Bozzi, Y. (2020). Sensory Abnormalities in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Focus on the Tactile Domain, From Genetic Mouse Models to the Clinic. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10(January), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.01016
Djordjevi, M., Memisevic, H., Potic, S., & Uros, D. (2022). Exercise-Based Interventions Aimed at Improving Balance in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder : A. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 129(1), 90–119. https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125211060231
Fatimah, D. N., & Nesi, N. (2022). Perceptual Motor Program Pada Autistic Disorder. Indonesian Journal of Health Science, 2(1), 20–23. https://doi.org/10.54957/ijhs.v2i1.137
Febriani, Y., Adenikheir, A., Syah, I., Studi, P., Fisioterapi, D., & Kesehatan, F. (2023). Obstacle Course Exercise Dapat Meningkatan Keseimbangan Dinamis Anak Autisme. Physio Move Journal, (2), 19–23.
Haraguchi, H., Stickley, A., Saito, A., Takahashi, H., & Kamio, Y. (2019). Stability of Autistic Traits from 5 to 8 Years of Age Among Children in the General Population. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(1), 324–334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3770-z
Hodges, H., Fealko, C., & Soares, N. (2020). Autism spectrum disorder: Definition, epidemiology, causes, and clinical evaluation. Translational Pediatrics, 9(8), S55–S65. https://doi.org/10.21037/tp.2019.09.09
Indiyana, A., Dwilestari, R., & Utami, P. (2021). Dewi, E. S. (2021). Klasifikasi Autism Spectrum Disorder Menggunakan Algoritma Naive Bayes. MATHunesa: Jurnal Ilmiah Matematika, 9(1), 27-35. 001.
Kardha, N. P. D. S., & Suadnyana, I. A. A. (2018). Pelatihan Keseimbangan Dan Stimulasi Propioseptif Dapat Meningkatkan Keseimbangan Dinamis Pada Anak Dengan Autism Spectrum Disorder (Asd). Bali Health Journal, 2(2), 85–94.
Kemendikbud. (2019). Indonesian Statistic Special School 2018/2019. 171.
Kemendikbud. (2021). Statistik Sekolah Luar Biasa (SLB) 2020/2021. Pusat Data Dan Teknologi Informasi, Sekretariat Jenderal, Kementerian Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan, 1–165.
Li, H., & Zhang, R. (2025). The effect of exercise intervention on balance and executive function in children with autism spectrum disorder : a meta-analysis. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 17(80), 1–10.
Oster, L. M., & Zhou, G. (2022). Balance and Vestibular Deficits in Pediatric Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Underappreciated Clinical Aspect. Autism Research and Treatment, 2022, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7568572
Pramita et al. (2022). Pengaruh Perceptual Motor Program terhadap Keseimbangan pada Anak Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Pendidikan Kesehatan Rekreasi, 8(2), 336–343.
Pratiwi, R. D., Pranata, A. D., Ayuningtyas, G., & Azzahra, P. (2023). Determinan Kejadian Anak Autis Based on Systematic Review. Nursing Science Journal (NSJ), 4(2), 183–197. https://doi.org/10.53510/nsj.v4i2.212
Rosca, A. M., Rusu, L., Marin, M. I., & Voiculescu, V. E. (2022). Physical Activity Design for Balance Rehabilitation in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Children, 9(1152).
Stins, J. F., & Emck, C. (2018). Balance performance in autism: A brief overview. Frontiers in Psychology, 9(JUN), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00901
Xu, W., Li, N., & Qi, J. (2025). Balance Control in Children and Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Alpha Psychiatry 2025;, 26(3), 42869.
Downloads
Submitted
Accepted
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 FISIO MU: Physiotherapy Evidences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with FISIO MU: Phsiotherapy Evidences agree to the following terms:
- Author(s) retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License that allow others to share the work within an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication of this journal.
- Author(s) are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangement for the non-exclusive distribution of the the journal’s published version of the work (e.g. acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal).
- Author(s) are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g. in institutional repositories or on their websites) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published works.
