Ahmad, A., Said , M. Z., Abdul Gapor , S., Jamru , L. R., Jubit , N., Mohd Najib , S. A., Masron, T., Ariffin, N. A. and Zakaria , Y. S. (2026) “Spatial Analysis of Flood-Prone Areas in Padang Terap, Kedah: Integrating Spatial Autocorrelation and Optimized Hotspot Analysis”, Forum Geografi, 40(1), pp. 19–43. doi: 10.23917/forgeo.10133.