Sustainable Tourism Development in Labuan Bajo, Manggarai Barat, Indonesia: Integration of Multi-Hazard Risk Analysis into Spatial Planning
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.15757Keywords:
multi-hazard risk, tourism development, spatial planning, GIS-based analysisAbstract
The rapid growth of ecotourism in island regions such as Labuan Bajo, Manggarai Barat, Indonesia, has not adequately considered the integration of comprehensive multi-hazard risk assessments into spatial planning. The area is becoming more vulnerable to a mix of geophysical, hydrological and climatological hazards as it is designated a "Super Priority" tourism destination in the country. However, current planning practices do not fully account for these hazards. This study examines how multi-hazard risk is incorporated into the Regional Spatial Plan of Labuan Bajo, Manggarai Barat, through a mixed-methods approach combining GIS-based multi-hazard analysis using spatial overlay techniques, together with qualitative insights from key stakeholders. A composite multi-hazard risk index was overlaid with land-use zoning, activity centres and transportation networks to evaluate spatial suitability and infrastructure exposure. The analysis indicates that planned land use does not align with the current risk levels, as high-risk areas have been designated for residential zones, tourism areas and major transportation corridors, demonstrating that spatial suitability varies according to multi-hazard risk levels in the study area. On the other hand, conservation areas are more suitable for low-risk environments. The results indicate that high-risk island tourism areas require more effective spatial planning based on risk information in order to remain resilient and sustainable in the long term.
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