2026-08-24T06:02:14Z https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/oai

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/9152 2026-08-01T15:23:05Z bioeksperimen:ART

Antibacterial activity of miana (Coleus scutellarioides) against Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus mutans Aprillia, Klara Sianturi, Sister Coleus scutellarioides Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus mutans antibacterial Miana leaves (Coleus scutellarioides) have compounds that have the potential to be antibacterial. The bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus mutans are a group of positive bacteria containing a lipid layer that is low in peptidoglycan and teichoic acid. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of Miana leaves against Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus mutans because both types of infectious bacteria. This research used the disc diffusion method. The preparation involved the maceration method using 96% ethanol as a solvent for five days, followed by concentration using a water bath at 70°C to obtain a thick extract. Observations were made on the diameter of the inhibition zone visible in the clear zone around the disc. The average inhibition diameter by ethanol extract against S. pyogenes is 9.83 mm, 10.76 mm, 12.42 mm, 15.66 mm, and 28.56 mm, respectively at extract concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 40, and amoxicillin (positive control). The negative control 1% DMSO did not form an inhibition zone. The statistical analysis using One-Way ANOVA (SPSS 27) yielded a p-value of < 0.05, confirming a significant difference in antibacterial activity across all tested groups. This result demonstrates that Miana leaf ethanol extract at concentrations of 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40% effectively inhibits the growth of both S. pyogenes and S. mutans. Furthermore, the inhibition zones varied significantly between the extract concentrations and the control groups, proving that the extract’s efficacy is concentration dependent. These findings suggest that Miana leaf ethanol extract has potential as a natural antibacterial agent for developing alternative phytotherapeutic treatments against S. pyogenes and S. mutans infections. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2026-03-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/xml https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/9152 10.23917/bioeksperimen.v12i1.9152 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi; Vol. 12 No. 1: March 2026; 72-78 2527-2799 2460-1365 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/9152/5395 https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/9152/5377 Copyright (c) 2026 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/9603 2026-08-01T15:23:48Z bioeksperimen:ART

Microbiological Quality of Packaged Tea Beverages Using the 3M Petrifilm Rapid E. coli/Coliform Count Plate Kurniati, Eka Cahyo, Fandi Tri Fajar Romadona, Fitria Coliform E.coli Packaged Tea Drinks 3M Petrifilm Rapid E. coli/Coliform Count Plate Tea is a complementary drink which is currently being served in variety ways and can be found in many places. The form of packaging is also very diverse. Glass bottles, plastic bottles, metal cans, paper cups, and plastic cups are just few of the many different forms of packaging that are available. The Indonesian National Standards Agency has established several requirements that bottled drinking water must fulfill in order to be legally sold in the country; one of these requirements is that it cannot contain any bacteria that could potentially cause disease. However, the reality is that within the community there are still packaged drinks that are not safe for human consumption. This study tested the quality of bottled tea supplied in a university canteen using 10 brands in varying packaging. 3M Petrifilm Rapid E. coli/Coliform Count Plate is utilized. The test results showed that 10 brands of tea packaging that were sold negatively did not contain E.coli and Coliform, which could be seen by the lack of gas bubbles and discoloration on the petrifilm media. This means that all packaged beverage samples sold are safe to drink. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2025-05-04 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/9603 10.23917/bioeksperimen.v11i1.9603 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi; Vol. 11 No. 1: March 2025; 9-15 2527-2799 2460-1365 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/9603/3271 Copyright (c) 2025 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/10057 2026-08-01T15:23:48Z bioeksperimen:ART

Analysis Of Ichthyofauna Of Situ Bagendit and Water Quality Post-Revitalization: Water quality data, Fish Diversity and Abundance Data Sidik, Abdul Faqih Fajar Sidik Surtikanti, Hertien Koosbandiah Hernawati, Hernawati Haryono, Haryono fish diversity water quality Situ Bagendit revitalization bioindicators Situ Bagendit is one of the natural lakes in Garut Regency that has experienced a decline in environmental quality, so revitalization was carried out to improve the ecosystem and increase tourist attractions. Sampling at three observation stations based on water characteristics. The parameters observed include biotic factors (fish diversity) and abiotic factors (physical and chemical parameters of water. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index is used to assess the stability of the fish community, while water quality is analyzed based on water quality standards according to PP No. 22 of 2021 and lake trophic classification. The results of the study showed that water quality data that did not meet the threshold according to PP No. 21 of 2021 were water clarity (75-136 cm), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (21-31 mg/L), total nitrogen (1.22-1.59) and conductivity (506-588 μs/cm). Fish diversity is at a moderate level with an index of 1.22. The abundance value ranges from 4-55% with the highest abundance value being the hemichromis elongatus species (zebra tilapia), but there is no dominant species. A fish species found as an indicator of pollution is the janitor fish (pterygoplichthys pardalis) due to its high adaptability to polluted water. While several water quality parameters have not fully met class II quality standards, especially in terms of brightness, COD, total nitrogen, and conductivity. Ecosystem conditions of Situ Bagendit still requires sustainable management to maintain water quality and biodiversity. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2025-08-11 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/10057 10.23917/bioeksperimen.v11i1.10057 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi; Vol. 11 No. 1: March 2025; 58-69 2527-2799 2460-1365 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/10057/4104 Copyright (c) 2025 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/10066 2026-08-01T15:23:48Z bioeksperimen:ART

Pectin Extraction from Various Sources: A Literature Review Triyatna, Vira Fetriyuna, Fetriyuna Rohmah, Miftakhur Pectin extraction application Plant cell walls include a complex polymer called pectin, which combines methoxyl with galacturonic acid to produce a gel. Applications for pectin are found in both the food and non-food industries. It is utilized as an edible coating, gel-forming, texture enhancer, stability enhancer, and appearance enhancer in the food industry. Pectin can be combined with other ingredients to make non-food products. For example, pectin, chitosan, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and alginate can be used to make biocomposites for wound dressings. Other sources of pectin include aloe vera, biosorbent, banana peel, corn starch, albedo watermelon, nutmeg, pumpkin, and dragon fruit skin. The properties of pectin are generally determined by its yield, equivalent weight, methoxyl content, galacturonic acid content, and degree of esterification. The two most common methods used to extract pectin are chemical and mechanical. Typically, chemical processes use solvents and mechanical techniques to combine liquid and solid components. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2025-08-11 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/10066 10.23917/bioeksperimen.v11i1.10066 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi; Vol. 11 No. 1: March 2025; 46-57 2527-2799 2460-1365 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/10066/4103 Copyright (c) 2025 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/10067 2026-08-01T15:23:48Z bioeksperimen:ART

Behavioral Interaction of Male and Female Canaries (Serinus canaria) During the Reproduction Period Nugroho, Anwari Adi Nur'Aini, Citra Aisyah Asy-syifaiyah, Asma' Septianingrum, Parigi Akhiri Canaries marriage behavior interaction The study aimed to describe the interaction between male and female bird canary (Serinus canaria ) during reproduction. Study This uses the ad libitum sampling method, namely observing activity act in demand bird canary male and female (Serinus canaria) during mating. Study This was done 6 days on Sunday, the first (2 days) introduction bird canary, and Sunday, the second and third (4 days) matchmaking bird canary. Research results show various Acts in demand reproduction of bird canaries during mating. Observation results show that bird canary males use tweets and appearances and physiques for interesting attention female, temporary females choose partners based on tweets male and mark fitness other. After the introduction process, birds canary mated males and females​ collaborate in the guard nest and raise children. The study still has limitations on the relative sample​ , as it only uses two pairs of bird walnuts and the duration of the observations​ is limited to three Sundays. This matter does not fully represent all the variations in existing behavior​ in the population of bird canaries. Apart from that, the factors influencing the environment and conditions and other specific aspects of on-site research must also be considered when interpreting results. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2025-05-04 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/10067 10.23917/bioeksperimen.v11i1.10067 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi; Vol. 11 No. 1: March 2025; 1-8 2527-2799 2460-1365 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/10067/3270 Copyright (c) 2025 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/10172 2026-08-01T15:23:48Z bioeksperimen:ART

DREB1 Gene in Regulating Drought Tolerance in Cereal Plants Todingan, Ajeng Klarica Aprilian Pailang, Agista Hala, Yusminah DREB1 cereal plants drought transcription factors This study aims to explain the role of the DREB1 gene in increasing drought tolerance in plants with an emphasis on recent advances in genetic engineering. In this research, the method used is a literature review by collecting library data, reading and taking notes, and critically managing research data related to the DREB1 gene. In this research, data analysis starts by examining the results from studies that are most relevant to the research problem. The results of the literature review obtained indicate that the DREB1 gene is a transcription factor that plays a role in regulating a number of other genes related to drought characteristics. The DREB genes participate in hormone signalling pathways and regulate proteins that interact with downstream genes to improve plant stress tolerance. When there is a drought, seedlings that have the DREB gene inserted have a survival rate of 36%, while plants without the DREB gene all die. These results indicate that the DREB1 gene is a positive regulatory gene for heat tolerance in plants. In this case, the transgenic lines keep their stomata partially closed, which helps maintain a minimum transpiration rate to cool the canopy and reduce the temperature of both the canopy and leaves. We achieve this by coordinating the control of stomata, minimising water loss, and preserving cell turgor, all of which prevent the plant from dying. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2025-05-09 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/10172 10.23917/bioeksperimen.v11i1.10172 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi; Vol. 11 No. 1: March 2025; 16-28 2527-2799 2460-1365 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/10172/3287 Copyright (c) 2025 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/10346 2026-08-01T15:23:48Z bioeksperimen:ART

Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Bacteria from Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) Root against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli Polandos, Chersa Fitriani, Any Antibakteri, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Azomonas, Clitoria ternatea L., Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli. Indonesia is rich in biodiversity, with many medicinal plants such as Clitoria ternatea (butterfly pea) known for antibacterial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate extracts from endophytic bacteria isolated from C. ternatea roots, with potential application in developing natural antibacterial agents. The bacteria were identified as belonging to the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and two strains of Azomonas (A and B). Extracts were tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using Disk Diffusion Assay (DDA), Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), and Time-Kill assays. Results showed Pseudomonas extract at 40 mg/ml had the largest inhibition zone against S. aureus (6.75 ± 0.353 mm), while Azomonas A was most effective against E. coli (3.187 ± 0.618 mm). The lowest MIC against S. aureus was 2.5 mg/ml from Azomonas B, with MBCs of 20 mg/ml for Pseudomonas and Azomonas B. Against E. coli, Azomonas A showed MIC and MBC of 10 mg/ml and 40 mg/ml, respectively. Time-Kill assays confirmed bacterial reductions at MIC and higher concentrations. These findings suggest C. ternatea’s endophytic bacteria extracts have promising antibacterial potential for sustainable medicinal use. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2025-07-14 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/10346 10.23917/bioeksperimen.v11i1.10346 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi; Vol. 11 No. 1: March 2025; 29-38 2527-2799 2460-1365 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/10346/3901 Copyright (c) 2025 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/10369 2026-08-01T15:23:05Z bioeksperimen:ART

Utilization of cassava peel waste (Manihot esculenta) as substrate in the production of cellulase enzymes by Aspergillus niger Hendriantika, Ratu Dewi Peristiwati Surtikanti, RR. Hertien Koosbandiah Keywords: Cellulase enzyme, cellulose, cassava peel, cellulolytic fungus, Aspergillus niger Cellulase enzymes is an enzyme that can hydrolyze cellulose into smaller sugar components. Cellulase enzymes are produced due to high demand, with 29.17% in the animal feed industry, 14.67% in the textile industry, and 26.17% in the paper industry. One method of producing cellulase enzymes is by utilizing the cellulolytic microorganism Aspergillus niger. This study aims to optimize cellulase enzyme production by Aspergillus niger through liquid fermentation on cassava peel substrate (Manihot esculenta) with pH treatments of 4.5 and 5.5 and temperatures of 29.5 and 30.5℃. The research method involved isolating pure cultures of Aspergillus niger from the laboratory of PT. Agritama Sinergi Inovasi. The fungus was grown on CMC agar medium to test its cellulolytic activity. The tested cellulolytic fungus can be used in fermentation in a medium containing cassava peel powder as the main cellulose substrate. The results of this study indicate that the cellulolytic fungus Aspergillus niger has the potential to produce cellulase enzymes. The highest enzyme activity value of 2.003 U/mL with a biomass of 0.535 mg/mL was obtained at pH 4.5 and 30.5℃. This study provides an important contribution in assessing the potential for cellulase enzyme production with variations in pH and temperature by Aspergillus niger fungi on cassava peel substrate as a basis for further development in organic waste management. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2026-03-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/xml https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/10369 10.23917/bioeksperimen.v12i1.10369 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi; Vol. 12 No. 1: March 2026; 157-165 2527-2799 2460-1365 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/10369/4108 https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/10369/5391 Copyright (c) 2025 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/10815 2026-08-01T15:23:48Z bioeksperimen:ART

Karamunting Leaf Extract (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk.) as antibiofilm on Escherichia coli Sabrina, Tia Mansur, Muhammad Syafi’i Diba, Masayu Farah Nawawi, Rizki Andini Tamzil, Nia Savitri Karamunting extract Eschericia coli antibiofilm Escherichia coli is a bacterium that causes many serious infections such as digestive tract, urinary tract and bloodstream infections. One of the main challenges in treating this bacterial infection is the formation of biofilm, which increases bacterial resistance to antibiotics. As an alternative to overcome antibiotic resistance, karamunting has been identified as having antibacterial potential against Gram-negative bacteria, including E. coli. The active compounds in these leaves have been shown to inhibit bacterial growth and biofilm formation. This research describes the activity of karamunting leaf extract against the anti-biofilm E. coli. The thick karamunting leaf extract was then made into three variations of concentration, namely 125µg/mL, 250µg/mL and 500µg/mL. The parameter measured for the eradication test is the thickness of the biofilm which is read using the Elisa Reader 590nm. In this study, the eradication percentages for the three concentrations were obtained -92.15% at a concentration of 125 µg/mL, -187.24% at a concentration of 250 µg/mL and 52.78% at a concentration of 500 µg/mL. Karamunting leaf extract has activity as an antibiofilm against E. coli bacteria. Karamunting leaf extract with a concentration of 500 µg/mL is the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) which is effective as an antibiofilm on E. coli. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2025-08-03 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/10815 10.23917/bioeksperimen.v11i1.10815 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi; Vol. 11 No. 1: March 2025; 39-45 2527-2799 2460-1365 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/10815/4109 Copyright (c) 2025 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/11031 2026-08-01T15:23:32Z bioeksperimen:ART

Impact of Meat Processing on DNA Quantity, Purity, and Integrity in Commercial Pork Products Assessed by TaqMan qPCR Rahayu, Ernawati Puji Abinawanto DNA pork processed meat products qPCR TaqMan qPCR analysis for detecting adulteration in processed meat products requires DNA with a high quantity, purity, and integrity. This study aims to evaluate the quantity, purity, and DNA integrity of various commercial pork products focusing on their ability to amplify the Cyt b gene. Fresh pork was used as a positive control, while five processed products - jerky, floss, meatball, canned corned, and smoked pork - were extracted for analysis. The DNA concentration and purity then measured, visualized using gel electrophoresis, and subjected to qPCR amplification. Statistical analysis of DNA concentration, purity, and ct value was carried out using one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey post hoc test. The results showed significant differences in concentration, purity, and Ct values between all samples and positive controls (P˂0.05). Meanwhile, the Tukey test showed that all samples and fresh pork concentration differed significantly (P˃0.05) except between canned corned and fresh pork (P˂0.05). The purity was significantly different between the positive controls with pork meatball and smoked pork (P˂0.05), while the Ct​ value of all samples and positive controls were significantly different (P˂0.05) except for fresh pork and jerky (P˃0.05). All the commercially processed products experienced DNA fragmentation. Meat processing affects DNA concentration, purity, genomic integrity, and the amplification ability of qPCR. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2025-10-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/11031 10.23917/bioeksperimen.v11i2.11031 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi; Vol. 11 No. 2: September 2025; 97-103 2527-2799 2460-1365 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/11031/4494 Copyright (c) 2025 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/11115 2026-08-01T15:23:32Z bioeksperimen:ART

Isolation, Characterization, and Identification of Biosurfactant-Production Bacteria from Used Cooking Oil Waste Pratama, Fisky Aditya Dewi, Pramesti Mubarok, Ibnul Mustikaningtyas, Dewi biosurfactant waste cooking oil isolation Waste cooking oil constitutes a significant environmental concern in Indonesia. It has the potential to be utilized as a substrate for biosurfactant-producing bacteria. Biosurfactants are amphiphilic compounds produced by microorganisms, containing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic components that enable them to dissolve in both water and fats, as well as to reduce surface tension. This study aims to isolate, characterize, and identify biosurfactant-producing bacteria from waste cooking oil. Isolation proccess was conducted using Mineral Salt Medium enriched with cooking oil as an inducer and Carboxy Methyl Cellulose as a carbon source and emulsifier. Two isolates were successfully obtained and purified. Their biosurfactant-producing ability was evaluated through drop collapse test and oil spreading test. One isolate demonstrated superior performance, showing positive activity in both tests, including a 0.7 cm oil spreading zone. Identification involved macroscopic observation, Gram staining, endospore staining, and a catalase test. The isolate exhibited characteristics of a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, spore-forming, catalase-positive bacterium with small, circular, milky-white colonies and a smooth surface. This identification is non-molecular and based on a phenotypic approach according to Bergey’s Manual for preliminary bacterial classification. Based on these features, the isolate is presumed to belong to the genus Bacillus, known for its robust biosurfactant production. The findings suggest that waste cooking oil can be a promising source of indigenous biosurfactant-producing bacteria, contributing to both microbial conservation and potential development of eco-friendly biotechnological products. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2025-10-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/11115 10.23917/bioeksperimen.v11i2.11115 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi; Vol. 11 No. 2: September 2025; 116-125 2527-2799 2460-1365 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/11115/4496 Copyright (c) 2025 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/11779 2026-08-01T15:23:32Z bioeksperimen:ART

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) as a Promising Herbal Galactagogue for Dairy Cows: A Review Nasihin, Ahmad Alfalfa Bioactive compound milk production phytoestrogen phyto-galactagogue Milk production in dairy cows can be enhanced through herbal-based approaches like alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), which is known for its richness in nutrients and bioactive compounds with the potential to act as an herbal galactagogue. This study reviews scientific publications from 2015 to 2025 in the Google Scholar database to explore the use of alfalfa and its benefits for dairy cow performance. The results indicate that alfalfa can increase milk production and quality, particularly in fat, protein, and lactose content. Phytoestrogen compounds such as isoflavones and coumestrol in alfalfa stimulate prolactin hormone production and promote udder tissue growth. Phenolic compounds help improve milk yield and quality, while alkaloids enhance the milk ejection reflex. Additionally, saponins serve as defaunation agents in the rumen, increase nitrogen utilization efficiency, and support metabolic balance, positively impacting overall cow health. However, high doses of alfalfa may lead to reproductive issues due to excessive estrogenic activity, such as anestrus and infertility. The effectiveness of alfalfa also depends on factors like material quality, dosage, the cow's physiological condition, and management practices. Therefore, alfalfa should be used carefully and in balanced amounts as a functional feed to maximize benefits and prevent physiological side effects in dairy cows. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2025-10-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/11779 10.23917/bioeksperimen.v11i2.11779 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi; Vol. 11 No. 2: September 2025; 82-96 2527-2799 2460-1365 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/11779/4493 Copyright (c) 2025 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/11967 2026-08-01T15:23:05Z bioeksperimen:ART

Synergistic cultures for resilient mercury bioremediation in ASGM leveraging microbial interactions for sustainable pollutant removal Wibowo, Sekarsari Purwanti, Ipung Fitri Firdaus, Abiyyu Armijn Firman Artisanal gold mining Bioremediation Mercury Mixed cultures Stability The widespread use of mercury (Hg) in artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) necessitates effective bioremediation strategies. This study evaluated the mercury reduction capabilities of two bacterial strains, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, using real-world ASGM liquid waste. In a seven-day laboratory-scale experiment, we assessed the performance of single and mixed bacterial cultures under varying pH conditions. Our results show that B. subtilis was particularly effective, achieving a maximum Hg2+ removal efficiency of 90.07%. Critically, while the cell viability of single cultures declined significantly over the study period, mixed cultures maintained superior population stability, reaching 7.4 log CFU/mL on day 7, especially under alkaline conditions. This stability suggests a beneficial synergistic relationship between the two species. The enhanced long-term viability and robust detoxification mechanisms observed in the mixed culture system underscore the high potential of this approach for developing sustainable bioremediation solutions for the ASGM sector. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2026-03-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/xml https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/11967 10.23917/bioeksperimen.v12i1.11967 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi; Vol. 12 No. 1: March 2026; 133-139 2527-2799 2460-1365 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/11967/5403 https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/11967/5383 Copyright (c) 2025 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/12103 2026-08-01T15:23:32Z bioeksperimen:ART

Ethanolic Extract of Tamarindus indica Leaves Lowers Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, and HDL but Without Affecting LDL in Hyperlipidemic Rats Susiloningsih, Tri Christijanti, Wulan Marianti, Aditya WH, Nugrahaningsih Tamarind leaves Tamarindus indica Hyperlipidemia Cholesterol Triglycerides Hyperlipidaemia is a condition of increased lipid levels, especially cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and an abnormal decrease in HDL in the blood. Tamarind leaves contain flavonoid and quercetin compounds that have the ability as antihyperlipidemia agents. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of tamarind leaf ethanol extract on the lipid profile of hyperlipidaemia rats. Samples of 16 male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups; Control group and the tamarind leaf ethanol extract treatment group was divided into 3, namely P1 350 mg/kgBB, P2 500 mg/kgBB, and P3 650 mg/kgBB. All rats were given lard 3 mL/head/day for 2 weeks. In weeks 3 and 4, rats were given extract of Tamarindus indica leaves and 2 hours interval was given lard. The data obtained were statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA and the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at the 95% confidence level. In this study, HDL levels decreased along with reductions in total cholesterol and triglycerides, but had no effect in reducing LDL levels. Reduced cholesterol synthesis limits substrate availability for HDL formation, resulting in proportional decreases in HDL-C. The conclusion of this study is that tamarind leaf ethanol extract has an effect in reducing lipid profile levels. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2025-11-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/12103 10.23917/bioeksperimen.v11i2.12103 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi; Vol. 11 No. 2: September 2025; 126-138 2527-2799 2460-1365 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/12103/4695 Copyright (c) 2025 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/12195 2026-08-01T15:23:05Z bioeksperimen:ART

A Vegetation analysis of terestrial fern in kemuning tea garden in ngargoyoso village, Indonesia Yasmin, Hasna Aulia Roziaty, Efri Analysis vegetation Kemuning Ngargoyoso Nephrolepis Pteridophyta Tea garden Kemuning Tea Garden in Ngargoyoso Village is a beautiful area with many tourist destinations. Therefore, in addition to the activities of local people as tea farmers, many outsiders come as tourists. This area has abiotic factors that are suitable for the growth of various types of plants, one of which is ferns, especially terrestrial ferns. This study aims to determine the composition of terrestrial fern vegetation in the kemuning tea garden area. The method used was purposive sampling method, with 6 plots in 3 Stations with different heights: Station 1 (800 - 900 m asl), Station 2 (900 - 1000 m asl), and Station 3 (>1000 m asl). This study obtained 9 species of terrestrial ferns: Pityrogramma calomelanos, Adiantum raddianum, Pteris ensiformis, Pteris biaurita, Christella dentata, Nephrolepis exaltata, Dicranopteris linearis, Lycopodiella cernua, and Dryopteris dilatata; that belong to 3 families: Polypodiaceae, Gleincheniaceae, and Lycopodiaceae. The study results show that the type of Nephrolepis exaltata gets the highest INP value, which is 92,88 %. While the lowest INP index is obtained by Pityrogramma calomelanos, which is 9,52 %. The diversity index obtained by the Shannon-wiener formula is 1,85; which means that the diversity in Kemuning Tea Garden is moderate. These findings highlight the importance of adaptive vegetation management in tea plantation landscapes to maintain fern diversity while supporting sustainable agroecosystem functions. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2026-03-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/xml https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/12195 10.23917/bioeksperimen.v12i1.12195 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi; Vol. 12 No. 1: March 2026; 140-148 2527-2799 2460-1365 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/12195/5404 https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/12195/5384 Copyright (c) 2026 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/12305 2026-08-01T15:23:32Z bioeksperimen:ART

Diversity of Pollinator Insects in Anagro Garden, Bengkulu City, Indonesia Wisti, Lilis Apriiarti, Mega Sari Cahaya, Mariana Ade Pollinator insects are considered beneficial organisms due to their essential role in plant pollination, supporting both ecological stability and agricultural productivity. However, land-use change and pesticide application may reduce pollinator diversity, making it necessary to identify existing species and assess their diversity as indicators of ecosystem health. This study aimed to identify the species and assess the diversity of pollinator insects in Anagro Garden, Bengkulu City. Field research was conducted from January to March 2025 using an exploratory survey method combined with direct observation. Sampling was carried out across multiple points within the garden. The results showed that pollinator insects observed in this area belonged to four insect orders. The calculated Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H′) was 1.317, indicating a moderate level of species diversity. The Dominance Index (D) was 0.283, showing that no single order overwhelmingly dominated the assemblage. The Evenness Index (E) was 0.950, reflecting a high level of evenness and very uniform distribution of individuals among species. These findings suggest that although species abundances vary, the pollinator community remains balanced. The moderate diversity level indicates that the ecosystem quality in Anagro Garden is still fairly goodHowever, the study underscores the need for ongoing monitoring and habitat management to enhance pollinator diversity and maintain ecological resilience, particularly in semi-urban agroecosystems like those found in Bengkulu City. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2025-10-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/12305 10.23917/bioeksperimen.v11i2.12305 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi; Vol. 11 No. 2: September 2025; 104-115 2527-2799 2460-1365 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/12305/4495 Copyright (c) 2025 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/12356 2026-08-01T15:23:32Z bioeksperimen:ART

The Enhancing Single Cell Protein Production of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Using Soybean Hull Waste with Dextrose Variations ., Musa'adah Darniwa, Adisty Virakawugi Kartika Sari, Dede dextrose fermentation medium single cell protein (SCP) soybean hull Single Cell Protein (SCP) is a microprotein derived from the dry biomass of non-pathogenic microorganisms and offers a promising alternative protein source for both humans and animals. One of the advantages of SCP production is its potential to utilize organic waste as a growth medium, thereby contributing to environmental sustainability. Soybean hull waste has been identified as a nutrient-rich substrate capable of supporting the growth of various microorganisms used in SCP production. This study aimed to optimize the growth medium for S. cerevisiae by utilizing soybean hull waste supplemented with varying concentrations of dextrose, in order to determine the most effective dextrose level for SCP production. The experiment involved cultivating S. cerevisiae in filtrates of soybean hull waste supplemented with five different dextrose concentrations: 0% (FD0), 1% (FD1), 2% (FD2), 3% (FD3), and 4% (FD4), as well as a standard Yeast Potato Dextrose (YPD) medium used as a control. Fermentation was initiated with an inoculum concentration of 1.3×10⁶ CFU/mL across all treatments then incubated at 28–30°C for 72 hours. Biomass, moisture content and protein content of yield were measured at the end of the fermentation. The results showed the dextrose conc. significantly affected pH levels, biomass yield, moisture, and protein content of the final product. Higher dextrose conc. generally led to better yield. Among the treatments, FD4 (4% dextrose) produced the highest biomass (0.091 g/10 mL) and protein content (18.43%). These finding showed that soybean hull waste can serve as a sustainable growth medium for the S. cerevisiae-SCP production, with 4% dextrose supplementation yielding the most optimal results. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2025-10-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/12356 10.23917/bioeksperimen.v11i2.12356 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi; Vol. 11 No. 2: September 2025; 70-81 2527-2799 2460-1365 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/12356/4492 Copyright (c) 2025 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/13509 2026-08-01T15:23:05Z bioeksperimen:ART

In vitro antifungal activity of Mimosa pudica rhizosphere bacteria against Fusarium spp. Sriwulan, Sriwulan Mustikaningrum, Dhina Nurfitria, Nia Antifungal activity Biocontrol Fusarium spp. In Vitro Mimosa pudica This study aims to explore rhizosphere bacteria from Mimosa pudica L. as a source of antagonistic bacteria against Fusarium spp. Rhizosphere soil samples were collected, isolated, morphologically characterized, and tested for antifungal activity in vitro against Fusarium spp. The percentage of inhibition (PI) was calculated after 7 days. Six bacterial isolates were obtained and tentatively identified as Bacillus, Cellulomonas, Arthrobacter, and Micrococcus species. All isolates exhibited antagonistic activity against Fusarium spp., with inhibition percentages ranging from 61.99% to 81.83%. Isolate PM2 (tentatively identified as Cellulomonas) demonstrated the strongest inhibition at 81.83%, followed by isolate PM6 (tentatively identified as Micrococcus) at 79.25%. These results confirm the potential of Mimosa pudica L. as a source of biocontrol agents and warrant further investigation into their molecular identification, mechanisms of action, and in vivo efficacy. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2026-03-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/xml https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/13509 10.23917/bioeksperimen.v12i1.13509 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi; Vol. 12 No. 1: March 2026; 100-108 2527-2799 2460-1365 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/13509/5400 https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/13509/5380 Copyright (c) 2025 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/13637 2026-08-01T15:23:05Z bioeksperimen:ART

Integrating BSF larvae for the sustainable bioconversion of banana peels and sprout hulls waste Rizkawati, Vina Andhini, Shabrina Lathiifah Noer, Mohamad Isnin Yudistira, Dwi Harya Kurniati, Tri Handayani Lisanti, Elsa Komala, Ratna Herlin, Weri Banana peels EM4 Organic waste bioconversion Black Soldier Fly Larvae Sprout hulls waste The management of organic waste presents a significant challenge in Indonesia, especially fruit and vegetable by-products. Black Soldier Fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens) larvae offer an effective solution due to their high potential for organic waste conversion. This study investigated the efficacy of BSF larvae in reducing and bioconverting organic waste composed of banana peels and sprout hulls, and examined the influence of EM4 fermentation on larval growth performance. Waste Reduction Index (WRI) and bioconversion rate (BCR) were calculated as percentages and analyzed descriptively, followed by the Kruskal–Wallis test. Furthermore, larval length and body weight were measured at 7, 11, 14, and 18 days of larval age and analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn’s post-hoc test. The results showed that EM4–fermented substrates containing a 1:3 ratio of banana peels to sprout hulls showed the highest waste reduction and bioconversion potential among all mixture treatments (P < 0.05). Although larval length and weight were lower than control substrate, no significant difference in larval length was detected, while individual larval weight was significantly higher compared to other organic waste combinations (P < 0.001). In this study, EM4 fermentation enhanced lignocellulosic degradation, improving substrate digestibility for BSF larvae and optimizing bioconversion efficiency, thus supporting more sustainable organic waste management strategies. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2026-03-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/xml https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/13637 10.23917/bioeksperimen.v12i1.13637 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi; Vol. 12 No. 1: March 2026; 31-44 2527-2799 2460-1365 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/13637/5388 https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/13637/5373 Copyright (c) 2026 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/13643 2026-08-01T15:23:32Z bioeksperimen:ART

Sumberejo Community's Perspective on Non-Timber Forest Products to Support Sustainable Environment Sari, Cynthia Permata Supriyadi Purwanto Rosariastuti, Retno Nufus, Malihatun community Non-timber forest product perception sustainable This study investigates how Non-Timber Forest Resources (NTFPs) contribute to community livelihoods and environmental sustainability. Through a combination of in-depth interviews and participatory observation, this study highlights the traditional knowledge and practices of the Sumberejo community in managing these resources. This research uses a qualitative approach that combines ethnobotanical surveys, in-depth interviews, and participatory observation with 50 participants, as well as data analysis using Participatory Rapid Appraisal (PRA). The results show that the majority of respondents perceive the potential of NFTPs in the area as very important (56.25% of village officials) and important (45.83% of villagers). Respondents also consider the natural geophysical potential for NFTPs in the area to be very important (68.75% of village officials) and important (50% of villagers). Furthermore, respondents also considered the natural biophysical potential for the NFTPs area to be very important (56.25% of village officials) and important (50% of villagers). The study underscores the potential for integrating NTFP management into broader conservation strategies to promote environmental stewardship and sustainable development. The community's commitment to balancing economic needs with environmental health offers valuable insights for policymakers and conservationists aiming to implement community-based forest management models. This research contributes to a growing body of knowledge on the importance of NTFPs in sustainable environmental governance, showcasing the Sumberejo community's role as stewards of their local ecosystems while maintaining cultural heritage and securing economic well being. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2025-11-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/13643 10.23917/bioeksperimen.v11i2.13643 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi; Vol. 11 No. 2: September 2025; 139-151 2527-2799 2460-1365 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/13643/4694 Copyright (c) 2025 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/14233 2026-08-01T15:23:05Z bioeksperimen:ART

The Phylogenetic analysis of representative mammalian MUC16 supported by comparative SEA domain and tandem repeat variation Foenna, Yudi Gebri Yulisma, Ardhana Calapoğlu, Nilüfer Şahin MUC16 SEA domain tandem repeat mammalian evolution phylogenetics comparative genomics MUC16 is one of the largest mammalian mucins and exhibits substantial evolutionary variation in both sequence composition and structural modularity. Comparative analysis of SEA domain composition and tandem repeat architecture is therefore essential for understanding the evolutionary diversification of this gene across mammals. This study investigates the phylogenetic relationships of mammalian MUC16 and examines how variation in SEA domains and tandem repeats contributes to lineage-specific structural divergence. MUC16 nucleotide and protein sequences from 20 mammalian species representing Primates and Rodentia were retrieved from public databases. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic reconstruction were conducted using the Neighbor-Joining method with 1,000 bootstrap replicates. SEA domains were annotated using the SMART database, while tandem repeats were identified with Tandem Repeats Finder. Structural features were evaluated using descriptive statistics, hierarchical clustering, and Spearman’s rank correlation analysis. Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed a clear molecular separation between Primates and Rodentia with strong bootstrap support. Primate species generally exhibited conserved sequences and expanded SEA domain and tandem repeat architectures, whereas rodents displayed higher sequence divergence and reduced structural complexity. A moderate positive association between SEA domain number and tandem repeat count (ρ = 0.44) was observed, although this relationship did not reach statistical significance and is therefore interpreted as a biologically suggestive trend rather than evidence of coordinated evolution. Overall, the results indicate that MUC16 evolution follows lineage-dependent patterns shaped by both sequence divergence and domain-level remodeling. This comparative framework provides an evolutionary context for understanding structural diversity in mammalian mucins and offers a foundation for future functional and genomic investigations. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2026-03-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/xml https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/14233 10.23917/bioeksperimen.v12i1.14233 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi; Vol. 12 No. 1: March 2026; 1-13 2527-2799 2460-1365 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/14233/5385 https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/14233/5371 Copyright (c) 2026 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/14593 2026-08-01T15:23:05Z bioeksperimen:ART

Isolation and screening of halotolerant protease-producing bacteria from Lampung fermented shrimp paste Istiadi, Khaerunissa Anbar Ningsih Suryanti, Erma Imaniar, Lisana Husna Halotolerant Lampung Proteolytic Index Protease Terasi Protease are class of degradative enzymes that hydrolyze proteins, breaking its peptide bond, into smaller peptides and amino acids. Microbial proteases have gained increasing attention due to its productivity and utilization in various industries. Proteolytic bacteria derived from fermented shrimp paste from Lampung have great potential to meet this need. However, studies on these bacteria are still limited, so further research is needed to explore and optimally utilize their potential. This study aims to explore the diversity of proteolytic bacteria from Lampung terasi.. The methods employed included isolation stages using Nutrient Agar supplemented with 5% and 10% NaCl (w/v), followed by proteolytic screening properties using Skim Milk Agar media. A total of 20 bacterial isolates were obtained from terasi using Nutrient Agar supplemented with 5% (w/v) NaCl, and 15 isolates were obtained from Nutrient Agar (NA)  supplemented with 10% (w/v) NaCl. Screening results showed that 85% and 67% of the isolates obtained from NA supplemented with 5% and 10% NaCl, respectively, exhibited proteolytic activity. Halotolerant bacterial isolates isolated using NA + 5% NaCl exhibited a proteolytic index ranging from 0.3 – 3.0, while those isolated with NA + 10% NaCl showed values ranging from 0.18 to 3.06. The screening results revealed that isolates BTCL5-07 and BTCL10-05 exhibited the highest proteolytic activity, with proteolytic indices of 3.0 and 3.06, respectively. These findings indicate that halotolerant bacteria from Lampung terasi represent a promising source of potential proteolytic enzymes. Further research is required to optimize enzyme production. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2026-03-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/xml https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/14593 10.23917/bioeksperimen.v12i1.14593 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi; Vol. 12 No. 1: March 2026; 149-156 2527-2799 2460-1365 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/14593/5405 https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/14593/5386 Copyright (c) 2025 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/14879 2026-08-01T15:23:05Z bioeksperimen:ART

Morphological and genetic identifications of Spirulina based on 16S rRNA gene Dito, Bahana Safiria Sajidan, Sajidan Susilowati, Ari Sidiq, Yasir Arthrospira phylogenetic morphology Molecular docking spirulina Spirulina is a microalga with spiral or linear trichome shapes that has potential in industrial and food sectors due to its rich nutritional content. Spirulina can live in various aquatic habitats with different environmental conditions. Differences in cultivation environments can affect the morphological characteristics of Arthrospira due to phenotypic plasticity, making morphology-based identification prone to errors. Therefore, molecular identification using the 16S rRNA gene for phylogenetic analysis is necessary. This study aims to identify and analyze the genetic relationships of Spirulina from freshwater and brackish water based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Freshwater Spirulina samples were taken from Bogor (BGR) and Yogyakarta (MRP), while brackish water Spirulina was taken from Jepara (JPR). DNA extraction was performed using the Zymo Research Quick-DNA Fungal/Bacterial Miniprep Kit, amplification of the 16S rRNA gene was conducted through PCR, followed by DNA sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using MEGA11 to construct the phylogenetic tree. The morphology of strains BGR and MRP showed straight and thin filaments, whereas JPR had spiral and relatively long filaments. Sequencing analysis results showed that strains JPR and MRP had the closest homology similarity to Arthrospira sp. IAQUASC-C0001 with percentages of 99.34% and 99.12%, respectively. Meanwhile, Spirulina from BGR had the closest homology similarity to Arthrospira fusiformis strain AICB 668 with a percentage of 99.78%. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strains BGR, JPR, and MRP are more closely related to Arthrospira than to Limnospira. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2026-03-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/xml https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/14879 10.23917/bioeksperimen.v12i1.14879 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi; Vol. 12 No. 1: March 2026; 92-99 2527-2799 2460-1365 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/14879/5399 https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/14879/5379 Copyright (c) 2026 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/15239 2026-08-01T15:23:05Z bioeksperimen:ART

Potential of butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) nanoherbal on spermatozoa quality in hyperglycemic rats Putri, Komala Amelia Christijanti, Wulan Marianti, Aditya butterfly pea Clitoria ternatea hyperglycemia nanoherbal spermatozoa Hyperglycemia is a condition characterized by elevated blood glucose levels that induce free radical formation, leading to reduced spermatozoa quality. Butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) contains antioxidant compounds and is formulated as a nanoherbal to enhance bioavailability. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of butterfly pea nanoherbal in improving spermatozoa quality in hyperglycemic rats. This experimental study employed a post-test only control group design using 25 male Wistar rats divided into a healthy control group and hyperglycemic groups induced by alloxan (125 mg/kg BW). The hyperglycemic groups consisted of a metformin control (400 mg/kg BW) and butterfly pea nanoherbal treatment groups at doses of 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg BW administered for 28 days. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) post hoc test. The results showed that spermatozoa concentration in the healthy control group differed significantly from the positive control, P1, and P2 groups (p<0.05), but not from the P3 group. Spermatozoa motility and viability also showed significant differences among groups (p<0.05). It can be concluded that butterfly pea flower nanoherbal significantly improves spermatozoa quality in hyperglycemic rats. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2026-03-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/xml https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/15239 10.23917/bioeksperimen.v12i1.15239 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi; Vol. 12 No. 1: March 2026; 123-132 2527-2799 2460-1365 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/15239/5402 https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/15239/5382 Copyright (c) 2026 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/15450 2026-08-01T15:23:05Z bioeksperimen:ART

Waterbirds as bioindicators of ecosystem health: seasonal dynamics in Tondano Lake, Indonesia Djarang, Rievo Harindah, Gerry Suriani, Ni Wayan Taulu, Marthy Lingkan Stella Biodiversity Ecosystem Health Sedimentation Tondano Lake Waterbirds Waterbird diversity in Tondano Lake reflects ecological degradation caused by water-hyacinth invasion and sedimentation. This study analyzed the diversity and abundance of waterbirds in Tondano Lake, Indonesia, across wet (February-May) and dry (June-October) seasons in 2025 to assess their role as bioindicators of ecosystem health. Multi-season observations were carried out monthly along a 6.5 km transect at ten strategic points. Eight waterbird species from three families were recorded, with Egretta garzetta being the most abundant (29.1%) and Alcedo atthis the least (4.8%). The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H' = 1.92) indicates a moderate level of species diversity, which reflects a pattern of ecological simplification when compared to pristine tropical lakes such as Lake Sentarum (H' = 2.5). Waterbird abundance showed significant negative correlations with water hyacinth density (r = -0.68, p = 0.032) and water depth (r = -0.72, p = 0.019), revealing that invasive vegetation and shoaling are primary drivers of habitat loss. These findings demonstrate that waterbirds function as sensitive bioindicators of ecological stress, highlighting the urgent need for integrated watershed management to prevent further community collapse. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2026-03-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/xml https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/15450 10.23917/bioeksperimen.v12i1.15450 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi; Vol. 12 No. 1: March 2026; 45-54 2527-2799 2460-1365 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/15450/5389 https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/15450/5374 Copyright (c) 2026 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/15768 2026-08-01T15:23:05Z bioeksperimen:ART

Assessment of genetic diversity in EMS-induced porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) revealed by RAPD markers Haritzah, Rendha Maulana Radita, Novia Fitri Ramadanti, Isma Salsabila Azzahro, Yusri Despa Wahyudi, Didik Resmisari, Ruri Siti Suyono ethyl methanesulfonate genetic mutation RAPD porang Increasing genetic diversity of porang through mutation is urgently needed since porang has low genetic diveristy. Therefore, this study aims to increase the genetic diversity of porang using ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and analyze the genetic diversity of porang using RAPD markers. Porang explants were subjected to in vitro EMS induction at various concentrations (control, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.5%) and evaluated after 35 days. DNA amplification was carried out using 20 RAPD primers. Genetic diversity within and between porang populations was analyzed using POPGENE software, while cluster analysis was performed using PAST software to identify genetic diversity patterns. The results showed that EMS mutation induction effectively increased the genetic diversity of porang. Primers OPA-2 and OPA-9 were identified as the most effective primers for detecting genetic diversity resulting from mutation induction. The 0.2% EMS treatment is recommended because it produced the most notable genetic changes compared to the control and shows potential for generating superior mutants to support porang breeding programs. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2026-03-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/xml https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/15768 10.23917/bioeksperimen.v12i1.15768 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi; Vol. 12 No. 1: March 2026; 55-64 2527-2799 2460-1365 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/15768/5390 https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/15768/5375 Copyright (c) 2026 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/15947 2026-08-01T15:23:05Z bioeksperimen:ART

Integrating field inventory and in silico phylogenetic analysis of pteridophytes at Gandul Mount, Indonesia Candra, Sri Devi Galuh Kinasih, Anggiresti Khotimperwati, Lilih Barcoding Diagnostic Ethnobotany Fern Lygodium Pteridophytes are vascular plants that are considered the most primitive plants because they only use spores to reproduce. Several major fern families exhibit distinctive morphological and ecological characteristics that support their taxonomic recognition. Pteridophytes represent an important component of tropical biodiversity, yet their diversity and evolutionary relationships in karst ecosystems remain poorly documented. This study aimed to integrate field inventory and in silico phylogenetic analysis to assess pteridophyte diversity in Gandul Mount, Wonogiri, Central Java. Field data were collected using the cruise method, followed by morphological identification and habitat characterization. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using matK gene sequences retrieved from the NCBI database and analyzed with the Maximum Likelihood method. The inventory recorded 17 species belonging to eight families, with Pteridaceae as the most dominant. Most species were lithophytic, indicating strong adaptation to rocky substrates. Two species were categorized as Least Concern, while the remaining species have not been evaluated by the IUCN. Eleven species showed ethnobotanical potential as medicinal plants, ornamentals, and phytoremediation agents. Phylogenetic analysis revealed clustering patterns consistent with taxonomic classification. These results demonstrate that Gandul Mount harbors considerable pteridophyte diversity and confirm that combining field-based inventory with in silico phylogenetic analysis provides a robust approach for biodiversity assessment and evolutionary interpretation. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2026-03-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/xml https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/15947 10.23917/bioeksperimen.v12i1.15947 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi; Vol. 12 No. 1: March 2026; 191-205 2527-2799 2460-1365 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/15947/5409 https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/15947/5398 Copyright (c) 2026 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/15963 2026-08-01T15:23:05Z bioeksperimen:ART

Insect diversity at vegetative maize phase (Zea mays L.) in caturharjo village Putri, Dila Savira Mayang Putra, Ichsan Luqmana Indra Diversity Dominance Lathrobium sp. Paederus fuscipes Predators This study aims to analyse the diversity and dominance of insect species in maize fields in Caturharjo Village, Sleman District, Yogyakarta. The research was conducted from March to August 2025 on 1,000 m² of maize fields divided into three plots, each measuring 10 × 15 m. Light traps were installed in the centre of each plot, and insects were captured manually (direct capture) every three days. Species diversity was calculated using the Shannon-Wiener Index, dominance using the Simpson Index, and the data were analysed for correlation with abiotic factors. The results showed that the total number of insect individuals in the vegetative phase of maize plants was 19,874 individuals, consisting of 6 orders, 24 families, and 30 species. The largest proportion of insects were predators (33.33%), followed by herbivores (26.67%), maize pests (16.67%), visitors (10%), detritivores (10%), and pollinators (3.33%). The insect diversity index was (H') = 0.83, which was classified as low diversity, and the dominance index was (D) = 0.18, indicating low dominance. The conclusion of this study is that the insect species diversity at the study site was low, with no dominant species found, and a total of 30 insect species found. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2026-03-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/xml https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/15963 10.23917/bioeksperimen.v12i1.15963 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi; Vol. 12 No. 1: March 2026; 109-122 2527-2799 2460-1365 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/15963/5433 https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/15963/5381 Copyright (c) 2026 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/15978 2026-08-01T15:23:05Z bioeksperimen:ART

Diversity of plankton species in different ecosystems on Beras Basah Island, Bontang, East Kalimantan Imam Fadila, Muhammad Anjasmara, Aang Setyawan Rizal, Daisy Rahma Rusdi, Rismawaty Reynalta, Ricko Beras Basah Island Bontang Plankton Beras Basah Island, located in the coastal waters of Bontang City, East Kalimantan, is a marine conservation area characterized by diverse coastal ecosystems, including marine waters, coral reefs, and seagrass beds. These ecosystems support various aquatic organisms, including plankton communities that play a key role in marine food webs. This study aimed to examine the composition, abundance, and diversity of plankton across three different ecosystems around Beras Basah Island. Sampling was conducted in May 2025 using a purposive sampling method at three stations representing marine waters, coral reefs, and seagrass bed. Plankton samples were collected using a 20 µm mesh plankton net and preserved with Lugol’s solution. The data were analyzed to determine plankton abundance, Shannon–Wiener diversity index (H’), and evenness index (E). A total of 13 plankton species were identified, consisting of 10 phytoplankton species (Bacillariophyceae and Dinophyceae) and 3 zooplankton species (Ciliata and Crustacea). The Shannon–Wiener diversity index ranged from 2.17 to 2.30, indicating moderate diversity, while evenness values ranged from 0.94 to 0.98, suggesting a relatively uniform distribution of individuals among species. Phytoplankton dominated the plankton community across all ecosystems, with the highest abundance recorded in the seagrass ecosystem (1,732 individuals L⁻¹). These findings indicate that plankton communities are relatively consistent across different coastal ecosystems in the waters of Beras Basah Island. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2026-03-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/xml https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/15978 10.23917/bioeksperimen.v12i1.15978 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi; Vol. 12 No. 1: March 2026; 183-190 2527-2799 2460-1365 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/15978/5408 https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/15978/5397 Copyright (c) 2026 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/15983 2026-08-01T15:23:05Z bioeksperimen:ART

Pharmacological prediction of Marchantia polymorpha: GC-MS and molecular docking approaches Farhan, Abdillah Maulana Marchantia polymorpha GC-MS Bioactive compound Molecular docking SwissADME Pass Online Marchantia polymorpha is the liverworts that can be found abundantly in the Mount Pasang Jember area. The metabolite profiling of M. polymorpha has not yet been conducted.  The method used in this study was untargeted metabolite profiling using GC-MS, and the results of the metabolite compound profiling were analyzed in silico using bioinformatics-based, namely PASS Online, SwisADME, and Molecular Docking using PyRx 8.0 with AutodockVina. The aims  of docking with this protein was adjusted to the PASS Online results, namely alkenylglycerophosphocholine hydrolase inhibitor and antiseborrheic, which are closely related to antifungals. The natural metabolite compounds detected from M. polymorpha were fatty acids (20%), terpenoids (16%), and phenolics (10%). Terpenoids-phenolics compounds were analyzed in silico to predict pharmacological potential. Terpenoids showed that the compound with the highest Pa value was 3,7-Cyclodecadiene (Pa=0.920), predicted to be an alkenylglycerophosphocholine hydrolase inhibitor, while the phenolic compound with the highest Pa value was hydroquinone (Pa=0.927), predicted to be an antiseborrheic. Based on SwissADME in silico Druglikeness, five compounds out of a total of six terpenoid and phenolic compounds showed compliance with Lipinski's theory. In addition, the in silico results also showed a bioavailability score of 0.55. Molecular docking was performed on the target protein sterol 14-α-demethylase (CYP51) from Candida albicans (PDB ID: 5TZ1). This protein is representative of antifungal agents. The results of molecular docking showed that the compound 3,7-Cyclodecadiene consistently had the strongest binding affinity value of -10.1 kcal/mol with residues ILE A:55, ALA A:62, PHE A:58, and TRP B:5  These results  imply that further research on M. polymorpha metabolites should be conducted using comprehensive methods to explore their potential in the field of health. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2026-03-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/xml https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/15983 10.23917/bioeksperimen.v12i1.15983 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi; Vol. 12 No. 1: March 2026; 14-30 2527-2799 2460-1365 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/15983/5387 https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/15983/5372 Copyright (c) 2026 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/16030 2026-08-01T15:23:05Z bioeksperimen:ART

Evidence-based non-residential waste analysis to support 3R strategies and food recovery hierarchy: a case study in Solok Selatan Fauzi, Mhd. Aziz, Rizki Chyntia, Nanda Titani, Fena Retyo Afrianto, Andika Wahyu Food Recovery Hierarchy Composition Non-Residential Waste Generation 3R Concept The amount of waste generation that increases without being accompanied by good waste management will cause pollution and decrease the aesthetic value of the environment. Non-residential waste originating from non-residential activities is also one of the contributors to waste entering the landfill. This study aims to analyze non-residential waste generation and composition as an evidence-based reference for each source in implementing the 3R concept and the Food Recovery Hierarchy (FRH). The number of sampling sets was determined at a minimum of 10% of each type of facility following SNI 19-3964-1994. Sampling was carried out on eight consecutive days with 14 sampling points in Area 1, 14 in Area 2, and 11 in Area 3. The total non-residential waste generation was 46.79 m³/day (9.49 tons/day). Organic waste dominated the composition, accounting for 35–37% as food waste, followed by plastic (24–29%) and paper (14–20%). The high proportion of biodegradable and recyclable materials indicates significant potential for composting, recycling, and food recovery strategies at the source level. Implementing source-level 3R and FRH approaches could substantially reduce landfill dependency and extend landfill lifespan. This study addresses a knowledge gap by linking source-level non-residential waste characterization with the practical implementation of the 3R concept and the Food Recovery Hierarchy. This study provides quantitative evidence to guide localized waste minimization strategies in non-residential sectors. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2026-03-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/xml https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/16030 10.23917/bioeksperimen.v12i1.16030 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi; Vol. 12 No. 1: March 2026; 79-91 2527-2799 2460-1365 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/16030/5396 https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/16030/5378 Copyright (c) 2026 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/16072 2026-08-01T15:23:05Z bioeksperimen:ART

Antagonistic activity of phyllosphere fungi isolated from medicinal plants against Colletotrichum sp. causing anthracnose in chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) Puspita, Ayumi Rizci Alamsjah, Feskaharny Mildawati, Mildawati Agustien , Anthoni fungi phyllosphere antagonist antracnose chili Anthracnose disease caused by the fungus Colletotrichum sp. is one of the main problems in chili cultivation (Capsicum annuum L.) and can cause significant yield losses. The intensive use of chemical pesticides in controlling this disease has a negative impact on the environment and health. This study aimed to evaluate the antagonistic potential of phyllosphere fungi isolated from five medicinal plants, namely Phaleria macrocarpa, Curcuma domestica, Kleinhovia hospita, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, and Morus macroura, against the pathogen Colletotrichum sp. Isolation was performed from leaf surfaces, and a total of 7 phyllosphere fungal isolates were tested using a double culture method with three replicates. The results showed that all isolates were able to inhibit the growth of Colletotrichum sp. through mechanisms of competition for space and nutrients as well as antibiosis, with inhibition levels ranging from high to very high. Among the tested isolates, Trichoderma sp. exhibited the highest inhibitory activity with an inhibition percentage of 92.78%, categorized as very high. Macroscopic and microscopic characterization supported the identification of several isolates belonging to the genera Trichoderma. This study concluded that phyllosphere ungi from medicinal plants have the potential as environmentally friendly biological control agents in combating anthracnose disease in chili plants. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2026-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/xml https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/16072 10.23917/bioeksperimen.v12i1.16072 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi; Vol. 12 No. 1: March 2026; 174-182 2527-2799 2460-1365 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/16072/5407 https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/16072/5394 Copyright (c) 2026 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/16129 2026-08-01T15:23:05Z bioeksperimen:ART

Design and validation of PIP gene primer for quantitative PCR in Capsicum annuum using in silico and experimental approaches Nurhafitri, Amanda Suwirmen C. annuum Design Primer PIP Gene qPCR Capsicum annuum L. is an economically important horticultural crop whose productivity is strongly affected by drought stress. Plasma Membrane Intrinsic Protein (PIP), a member of the aquaporin gene family involved in water transport and osmotic regulation, represents a key target for drought stress studies, requiring highly specific and efficient primers for accurate gene expression analysis using quantitative PCR (qPCR). This study aimed to design and validate PIP gene primers for qPCR in C. annuum using integrated in silico and experimental approaches. Primer design was performed using NCBI Primer-BLAST based on the CaPIP reference sequence (XM_016711608.2), followed by in silico evaluation of primer specificity and secondary structure using Primer-BLAST and OligoAnalyzer. Nine primer pairs were initially generated and evaluated based on primer length, %GC, Tm, self3’ complementarity and amplicon size. Secondary structure analysis revealed strong self-dimer formation in pair 8, whereas pair 2 showed weak secondary structure within acceptable ΔG threshold (-9 kcal/mol). Experimental validation was conducted throught gradient PCR to optimize annealing temperature, followed by agarose gel 2%.  Primer 2_CaPIP produced specific and clear amplification, with an  optimal annealing temperature of 57.3oC. This study provides a validated CaPIP primer set suitable for qPCR-based gene expression analysis in C. annuum, supporting future molecular studies on drought stress tolerance. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2026-03-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/xml https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/16129 10.23917/bioeksperimen.v12i1.16129 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi; Vol. 12 No. 1: March 2026; 166-173 2527-2799 2460-1365 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/16129/5406 https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/16129/5392 Copyright (c) 2026 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.journals2.ums.ac.id:article/16139 2026-08-01T15:23:05Z bioeksperimen:ART

Preliminary study of acute febrile response to crude LPS extract from Salmonella typhimurium in domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) AKY strain Wijaya, Rizky Surya Lelono, Asmoro Oktarianti, Rike Fever, Gallus gallus domesticus, Innate immune response, Vaccine modeling, Salmonella typhimurium Salmonella is a genus that commonly attacks the health of poultry, especially chickens. One type of poultry that is widely attacked by S. typhimurium is chickens. S. typhimurium infects the host with Lipopolysaccharides (LPS). This study aims to determine the innate immune response of domestic chickens to LPS-based vaccines S. typhimurium as the first step in vaccine development. The sample was in the form of female domestic chickens of the AKY strain which was divided into 3 groups, the control group was injected using 0.1ml of PBS (Phosphate Buffer Saline) treatment group 1 was injected with LPS with an adjuvant with a concentration of 0.5mg/kg as much as 0.1ml. Treatment group 2 was injected with LPS with an adjuvant with a concentration of 1mg/kg of 0.1ml. Injection treatment group using Incomplete Freund Adjuvant (IFA). The results obtained were that the treatment groups had an increase in temperature at the 1st hour to the highest in the 3rd hour with a temperature range of 42.5°C to 42.6°C, contrast to the control group which has a static temperature with a range of 41°C to 41.8°C. The comparison of chicken body temperature among treatment groups using a Liner Mixed Model revealed a significant difference (p < 0.001) between the treatment groups and the control group. These results indicate that subcutaneous LPS administration induces a controlled acute febrile response, which is consistent with involvement of innate inflammatory pathways. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta 2026-03-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf text/xml https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/16139 10.23917/bioeksperimen.v12i1.16139 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi; Vol. 12 No. 1: March 2026; 65-71 2527-2799 2460-1365 eng https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/16139/5393 https://journals2.ums.ac.id/bioeksperimen/article/view/16139/5376 Copyright (c) 2026 Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0