Indonesia ranks third in the world with various hazards having a great risk of disaster (Ayuningtyas et al., 2023). Natural disasters are increasing globally every year, increasing the frequency of disaster events, impacting populations, and resulting in economic losses (Faizatiwahida et al., 2024). East Java is one of the provinces prone to disasters caused by volcanic eruptions. One of the areas included in this province is Lumajang District, which, based on its geographical, climatological, geological, and hydrological conditions, has a high vulnerability to various disasters such as landslides, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes (Ratnanik et al., 2022). At the end of 2021, a natural disaster occurred, namely the eruption of Mount Semeru, which caused many casualties and damage to property and infrastructure.

According to research conducted by (Ahmadi & Kulsum, 2024), the eruption of Mount Semeru had a multidimensional impact on the community, such as economic problems, damage to homes and agricultural land, and trauma due to volcanic eruptions; even after the disaster, there is still a sense of trauma. This will have an impact on family resilience from both economic, psychological, and social aspects, so in these conditions, it can be ascertained that it is difficult to maintain harmony within the family. A family that plays an optimal role by using all of its potential is also referred to as a family that has high resilience and independence. Families are said to have a high level of resilience if they fulfill several aspects, namely physical resilience, namely the fulfillment of food, clothing, housing, education, and health needs (Andrian et al., 2025).

One of the ways that can be done to maximize resilience is by collaboration between all related sectors, one of which can be applied is the pentahelix disaster collaboration. Pentahelix is a collaboration consisting of government, business/industry, academia, civil society, and media (Pratama et al., 2024). Through strong cooperation and good synergy, Indonesia can strengthen disaster resilience and minimize the negative impact of the threat of disasters that are always lurking (Pratama et al., 2024). If each family has independence in carrying out family duties in disaster mitigation, it can be ensured that the implementation of policies in disaster management mitigation will be carried out effectively. In the end, the community can become resilient in the face of disasters and be able to carry out their rights and obligations as citizens (Suhari et al., 2023). Based on this background, the purpose of this research is to formulate a pentahelix collaboration strategy in realizing disaster-resilient family adaptation.

This research was qualitative research with a grounded theory approach, which aims to explore the pentahelix perspective on family resilience in disasters. This study involved 21 participants from families affected by the Mount Semeru eruption and pentahelix consisting of Lumajang District Government, Lumajang District Health Office, Lumajang's Regional Board for Disaster Management (BPBD), Indonesian National Nurses Association (PPNI), Journalists, Lumajang District Social Office, and academics.

The data collection method through an in-depth interview method aims to find out family resilience in dealing with disasters. The research team carried out this interview procedure, which began with an interview with the health department officer: "What strategies are carried out to increase family resilience to disasters?" The next question developed from the participant's answers and continued the interview with other pentahelix participants. Answers from participants were recorded using a recording device and an interview record sheet. This research was stopped when data saturation occurred, and the data was sufficient to describe the research that had been conducted. This research used a qualitative study with a grounded theory approach. Grounded theory research is a qualitative research design that allows researchers to form constructs and build theories from data directly collected by researchers rather than from existing theories (Ruslan et al., 2023). This study aims to describe the post-disaster family experience, describe risk communication and community involvement in disaster mitigation, and describe the effectiveness of 5 family health tasks in disaster mitigation. This research uses focus group discussions guided by facilitators to measure the understanding of families and communities in dealing with disasters.

The analysis process was carried out simultaneously with the data collection process by a research team consisting of lecturers in community, family, and disaster nursing who are experienced in the field of research. Spradley's analysis model consists of 12 stages, starting with determining a key authoritative informant who is believed to be able to "open the door" for researchers to enter the research object. After that, the researcher conducts an interview. Furthermore, the researcher's attention was drawn to the research object, and they began asking descriptive questions, followed by an interview analysis. Based on the results of the interview analysis, the researcher then conducted a domain analysis. In the next step, the researcher has determined the focus and conducted a taxonomic analysis; then the researcher asks contrastive questions, followed by a componential analysis. The results of the componential analysis, then researchers found cultural themes. Furthermore, the researcher wrote an ethnographic research report (Wijaya, 2018).

This research was conducted in Bumi Semeru Damai temporary shelter (Huntara) in June-August 2023 and has obtained an ethical certificate from the University of Jember with number 238/UN25.1.14/KEPK/2023.

The demographic data of the research is available in Table 1.

The number of interviews is 21 people, consisting of women and men with an average age of 45 years, who have different backgrounds. Including academic, business, community, government, and journalistic.

The Family can recognize the early signs of disaster

These results support the research objectives by showing that family preparedness starts with knowledge. Understanding the signs of a disaster is critical to mitigating risk. This is in line with research conducted by (Rahman & Pradido, 2020), which states that the role of knowledge in disaster preparedness is very important because increased awareness leads to better decision-making and reduces risk. Families who understand the signs of a disaster are more likely to act quickly, thereby reducing its impact (Dewi et al., 2023). This finding is in line with research showing that knowledge and education are key factors in disaster preparedness (Kim et al., 2022). Other research highlights how family cooperation and resource pooling before and after disasters improve risk management (Anitasari et al., 2022). Improving family preparedness in the face of disasters requires a comprehensive approach involving various parties. Education and training are the main strategies, while community leaders and university students play a role in community-based counseling. Awareness, knowledge, and skills are considered key to disaster-resilient families. Academics also have an important role in education through the Tri Dharma of Higher Education. Therefore, crosssector collaboration between the government, academics, and communities is needed to create families that are better prepared to face disasters.

Families can decide on the right course of action

Families can make the right decisions. The ability to take appropriate action during a disaster demonstrates the effectiveness of the five tasks of family health and family preparedness. Having specific preparedness measures in place—such as emergency bags containing important documents and prioritizing vulnerable family members—can significantly reduce the impact of disasters (Setianingsih et al., 2020). Empowering some family members to make decisions can increase flexibility during emergencies. This result is consistent with research emphasizing the role of proper planning and decision-making in disaster mitigation (Okon et al., 2023). These findings underscore the importance of family preparedness in minimizing loss of life and damage (Harianto & Nuntaboot, 2023). Besides that, the family stated that mitigation is very important. Disaster mitigation is very important because it plays a role in reducing the risks and impacts caused by natural and human-caused disasters (Harianto & Nuntaboot, 2023). Some reasons why disaster mitigation is important include:

a. mitigation efforts can significantly reduce the number of victims during a disaster that can affect knowledge of behavior and attitudes towards disaster preparedness, which can reduce the number of victims during a disaster.

b. Mitigation efforts play a significant role in reducing property and infrastructure damage from disasters.

c. Environmental Impact Reduction: Disaster mitigation can help protect the natural environment from damage caused by disasters such as environmental pollution or ecosystem damage.

d. Social and Economic Stability: By reducing economic and social losses caused by disasters, mitigation can help maintain the economic and social stability of the community.

e. Faster Recovery: Mitigation efforts can prepare communities to respond more quickly after a disaster, accelerating the recovery process.

f. Resource Maintenance: Through mitigation, natural and human resources can be maintained, thus supporting long-term sustainability.

g. Disaster mitigation that includes community education and awareness significantly improves community preparedness and quality of life.

Overall, disaster mitigation is the steps needed to reduce vulnerability and increase the resilience of communities to disaster threats. to create a safer and more sustainable community (Sutini et al., 2021). Disaster mitigation can make communities not only better prepared for disasters but also able to take quick and appropriate action and form resilient communities.

Families Can Care for Family Members

Disasters can cause anxiety, so there is a need for care after a disaster occurs. Disasters can cause anxiety. Anxiety is experienced when thinking about the potential chaotic situation at the disaster site (Hindriyastuti et al., 2019). In family participation, both before and after a disaster, the role of the family in caring for facilities and situations that occur is very important (Sunarti et al., 2023). These findings are in line with the research objectives, which show how families are critical in providing care during and after disasters. Care for vulnerable family members is essential for post-disaster recovery and adaptation. Families that ensure ongoing health care and attention to special needs can reduce the long-term impact of disasters (Sriyono & Hamzah, 2020). These results are in line with Istiana & Ema's (2017), which found that families with preparedness for chronic diseases performed better during disasters (Anam & Abiddin, 2022).

Families Can Modify the Environment

Environmental modification by families contributes to disaster resilience and recovery, which is in line with the goal to improve family preparedness. Families play a key role in maintaining environmental safety, sanitation, and health after a disaster. These modifications are critical to creating a safe living space that supports mental and physical recovery (Gumelar et al., 2020). This finding supports Koesnadi's (2023) research on the importance of environmental adjustments to mitigate disaster risk (Valter et al., 2019). Post-disaster environmental modification for refugees with an emphasis on factors that can restore the condition of refugees and the environment affected by the disaster by refunctioning the role of families, institutions, and facilities through good, coordinated, integrated, and comprehensive planning after the disaster. The above statement is in line with the statement conveyed by Koesnadi (2023) that the disaster prevention and mitigation stage is carried out to reduce and manage disaster risk (Valter et al., 2019). The series of efforts made can be in the form of improvements and modifications to the physical environment as well as increasing awareness and ability to deal with disaster threats. The stage of disaster prevention and mitigation can be carried out structurally and culturally (non-structurally). (Liu & Wu, 2017). Structurally, efforts are made to reduce vulnerability to disasters through buildings that can survive through technical engineering. While culturally it is to reduce vulnerability to disasters by changing paradigms, increasing knowledge, and attitudes to form resilient communities (H. (Pratama & Hattarina, 2023). Cultural mitigation includes making people care about their environment so as to minimize the occurrence of disasters. Family efforts also play an important role in environmental modification to empower the internal potential that exists in the home environment to maintain health. Environmental modification actions have a wide scope according to the family's knowledge of environmental conditions.

Families Can Utilize Disaster-Related Facilities

Families who have access to disaster-related facilities become the main pillar in efforts to protect themselves and protect the community from disaster threats. Utilizing disaster-related facilities is in line with the goal to integrate the roles of families, institutions, and facilities in disaster preparedness. Access to disaster-related facilities, including communication tools and health services, is critical to reducing disaster risk. Well-prepared families are more likely to use these resources effectively (Matsukawa et al., 2024). Families have a full understanding of how to use health facilities and follow instructions from authorities. There are several factors that can help families to be successful in using disaster health facilities, namely getting training related to disaster preparedness and management, actions taken during disaster events such as evacuation sites or disaster facilities, ownership of emergency equipment, and coordinating with the authorities (Wakhid et al., 2020). Prepared families with access to facilities have better outcomes during disaster recovery.

Strategies that can be done to increase family resilience to disasters are through the application of 5 family tasks based on Maglaya's theory, which includes each family member knowing the signs of a natural disaster by increasing the knowledge of each family member in responding to disasters so that later they can minimize disaster risk. Families can work together to know and gather the resources needed to deal with disasters both before and after disasters. Most likely, they will be able to manage the risks of disasters that befall their families. To minimize the impact caused by disasters. Disaster nursing also plays an important role in guiding families to respond effectively to disasters. In addition, after a disaster, families need to be involved in environmental recovery with the support of related institutions and facilities. This approach is in line with the pentahelix perspective, which emphasizes the importance of collaboration between government, community, academia, and media to build resilient and sustainable family resilience.

This research is financially supported by a grant from Keris-DiMas Research, Institute for research and Community Service, Universitas Jember

S and RES contributed to the research design, data collection, and initial data analysis. PMR and DOP provided methodological guidance and assisted with data interpretation. All authors contributed to the critical revision of the manuscript and ensured the overall academic quality.

This research was funded by Universitas Jember.

This study was approved by the University of Jember with number 238/UN25.1.14/KEPK/2023.

The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.