Nothopanax scutellarium: Natural Hair Growth Plant
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23917/pharmacon.v22i1.11693Keywords:
Flavonoid, Hair growth, Natural plant, Nothopanax scutellarium, QuercetinAbstract
Hair plays an important role in supporting appearance and self confidence, but problems with hair loss and slow hair growth still often occur; Mangkokan leaves (Nothopanax scutellarium) are known to contain flavonoids such as quercetin which can stimulate hair growth through various mechanisms, and nanoemulsion formulations have been shown to increase the absorption of these active compounds, so this study aims to examine the effectiveness of mangkokan leaves on hair growth through a systematic review based on PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines with a literature search until November 16, 2024 in the Emerald Publishing, SpringerLink, EBSCO, Cochrane, ProQuest, Science Direct, Scopus, and PubMed databases, of the 68 articles found, only 5 studies met the inclusion criteria after screening, and the results showed that the formulation of mangkokan leaves in the form of ethosomal gel or phytosome lotion at a concentration of 25% was most effective in stimulating hair growth with a mechanism involving the activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) to increase blood supply to follicles, regulation of nitric oxide (NO) balance and decreased inflammation by quercetin, inhibition of the enzyme 5-alpha reductase to reduce dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels, as well as increasing the expression of growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which overall support the extension of the anagen phase (active hair growth phase) and improve hair health, so that mangkokan leaves have high potential as an active ingredient in hair care products, although further research is still needed to ensure their long-term safety and effectiveness.
Downloads
References
Aini, Q. (2017). Test of Hair Growth Activity of Male Rabbits from Hair Tonic Preparations Containing Ethanol Extract of Mangkokan Leaves (Nothopanax scutellarium L.). JFL : Jurnal Farmasi Lampung, 6(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.37090/jfl.v6i2.16
Almas, J. F., Chasanah, U., & Rahmasari, D. (2022). Activity of Hair Tonic Nanoemulsion with Candlenut Oil (Aleurites moluccana) on Mice (Mus Musculus). KnE Medicine, 2022(1), 630–636. https://doi.org/10.18502/kme.v2i3.11917
Almohanna, H. M., Ahmed, A. A., Tsatalis, J. P., & Tosti, A. (2019). The Role of Vitamins and Minerals in Hair Loss: A Review. Dermatology and Therapy, 9(1), 51–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13555-018-0278-6
Arif, M., Rahmawati, A., & Oriendhini, S. (2023). Formulation And Physical Stability Of Hair Tonic Ethanol Extract Of Katuk Leaves ( Sauropus Androgynous ( L .) Merr ). Journal Of Pharmacy UMRI, 1(1), 1–12. https://ejurnal.umri.ac.id/index.php/JFMu/article/view/6644
Arlıer, S., Kayışlı, Ü. A., & Arıcı, A. (2018). Tumor necrosis factor alfa and interleukin 1 alfa induced phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitory kappa B alpha are regulated by estradiol in endometrial cells. Turkish Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 15(1), 50–59. https://doi.org/10.4274/tjod.47700
Azizi, A., Mumin, N. H., & Shafqat, N. (2024). Phytochemicals With Anti 5-alpha-reductase Activity : A Prospective For Prostate Cancer Treatment. F1000Research, 10(221), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.51066.3
Banjarnahor, S. D. S., & Artanti, N. (2014). Antioxidant properties of flavonoids. Medical Journal of Indonesia, 23(4), 239–244. https://doi.org/10.13181/mji.v23i4.1015
Bassino, E., Gasparri, F., & Munaron, L. (2020). Protective Role of Nutritional Plants Containing Flavonoids in Hair Follicle Disruption: A Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(2), 523. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21020523
Boam, T. (2015). Anti-androgenic effects of flavonols in prostate cancer. Ecancermedicalscience, 9, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3332/ecancer.2015.585
Chen, N., Liu, Y., Bai, T., Chen, J., Zhao, Z., Li, J., Shao, B., Zhang, Z., Zhou, Y., Wang, X., & Zhu, Z. (2022). Quercetin Inhibits Hsp70 Blocking of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infection and Replication in the Early Stage of Virus Infection. Viruses, 14(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/v14112365
Darmadi, & Sepriyani, H. (2020). Comparison of Leaves and Bark Mangkokan (Nothopanax scutellarium) Extracts Against the Death of House Flies (Musca domestica). Indonesian Journal of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, 2(2), 68–75. https://doi.org/10.33086/ijmlst.v2i2.1618
Förstermann, U., & Sessa, W. C. (2012). Nitric oxide synthases: Regulation and function. European Heart Journal, 33(7), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehr304
Förstermann, U., Sessa, W. C., Lowry, J. L., Brovkovych, V., Zhang, Y., & Skidgel, R. A. (2013). Endothelial nitric-oxide synthase activation generates an inducible nitric-oxide synthase-like output of nitric oxide in inflamed endothelium. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 288(7), 4174–4193. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M112.436022
Gokce, N., Basgoz, N., Kenanoglu, S., Akalin, H., Ozkul, Y., Ergoren, M. C., Beccari, T., Bertelli, M., & Dundar, M. (2022). An overview of the genetic aspects of hair loss and its connection with nutrition. In Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene (Vol. 63, Issue 2, pp. E228–E238). https://doi.org/10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2S3.2765
Guo, Q., Jin, Y., Chen, X., Ye, X., Shen, X., Lin, M., Zeng, C., Zhou, T., & Zhang, J. (2024). NF-κB in biology and targeted therapy: new insights and translational implications. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-024-01757-9
Haddaway, N. R., Page, M. J., Pritchard, C. C., & McGuinness, L. A. (2022). PRISMA2020: An R package and Shiny app for producing PRISMA 2020-compliant flow diagrams, with interactivity for optimised digital transparency and Open Synthesis. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 18(2), e1230. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.1230
Hämäläinen, M., Nieminen, R., Vuorela, P., Heinonen, M., & Moilanen, E. (2007). Anti-inflammatory effects of flavonoids: Genistein, kaempferol, quercetin, and daidzein inhibit STAT-1 and NF-κB activations, whereas flavone, isorhamnetin, naringenin, and pelargonidin inhibit only NF-κB activation along with their inhibitory effect on i. Mediators of Inflammation, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1155/2007/45673
Her, Y., Lee, T. K., Sim, H., Lee, J. C., Kim, D. W., Choi, S. Y., Hong, J. K., Lee, J. W., Kim, J. D., Won, M. H., & Kim, S. S. (2022). Pinus thunbergii bark extract rich in flavonoids promotes hair growth in dorsal skin by regulating inflammatory cytokines and increasing growth factors in mice. Molecular Medicine Reports, 25(3), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2022.12616
Heroweti, J., Wibowo, D. N., Khoeriyah, H., & Adelia, R. (2023). Hair Growth Activity of Hair Tonic Preparations Containing Cinnamon Essential Oil (Cinnamomum burmanii) and Virgin Coconut Oil. Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia, 21(2), 186. https://doi.org/10.35814/jifi.v21i2.1369
Hiipakka, R. A., Zhang, H. Z., Dai, W., Dai, Q., & Liao, S. (2002). Structure-activity relationships for inhibition of human 5α-reductases by polyphenols. Biochemical Pharmacology, 63(6), 1165–1176. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(02)00848-1
Ijeise, R., Sanjaya, Y. A., Pratiwi, Y. S., Hendrawan, E. P. N., Salsabila, Z. N., & Amalia, T. (2023). Potency of Mangrove Leaves (Rhizophora mucronata) Containing Bioactive Compounds as Source of Antioxidant: A Review. International Journal of Eco-Innovation in Science and Engineering, 4(2), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.33005/ijeise.v4i2.120
Jafar, G., Adiyati, I., & Kartanagara, F. F. (2017). Pengembangan Formula dan Karakterisasi Nanoemulsi Ekstrak Kombinasi Daun Teh dan Mangkokan Yang Diinkorporasikan ke dalam Spray Sebagai Penumbuh Rambut. Jurnal Pharmascience, 4(2), 155–166. https://doi.org/10.20527/jps.v4i2.5769
Jufri, M., Amelia, L., & Munim, A. (2017). Hair growth activity and safety test of ethosomal gel ethyl acetate fraction of nothopanax leaves (Nothopanax scutellarium merr.). Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 10(8), 134–138. https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i8.18866
Kim, H. K., Cheon, B. S., Kim, Y. H., Kim, S. Y., & Kim, H. P. (1999). Effects of naturally occurring flavonoids on nitric oxide production in the macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 and their structure-activity relationships. Biochemical Pharmacology, 58(5), 759–765. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(99)00160-4
Kumar, M., Bishnoi, R. S., Shukla, A. K., & Jain, C. P. (2019). Techniques for formulation of nanoemulsion drug delivery system: A review. Preventive Nutrition and Food Science, 24(3), 225–234. https://doi.org/10.3746/pnf.2019.24.3.225
Kurniawan, M. R., & Humaedi, A. (2021). The Potential Of Active Compounds Polyscias Scutellaria As Inhibitors In Cervical Cancer With Virtual Screening Approach. Jurnal Kimia Dan Kemasan, 43(1), 22. https://doi.org/10.24817/jkk.v43i1.6836
Lee, C. Y., Yang, C. Y., Lin, C. C., Yu, M. C., Sheu, S. J., & Kuan, Y. H. (2018). Hair growth is promoted by BeauTop via expression of EGF and FGF-7. Molecular Medicine Reports, 17(6), 8047–8052. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.8917
Li, Y., Yao, J., Han, C., Yang, J., Chaudhry, M. T., Wang, S., Liu, H., & Yin, Y. (2016). Quercetin, inflammation and immunity. Nutrients, 8(3), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8030167
Liao, H., Ye, J., Gao, L., & Liu, Y. (2021). The main bioactive compounds of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. for alleviation of inflammatory cytokines: A comprehensive review. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110917
Lin, W. H., Xiang, L. J., Shi, H. X., Zhang, J., Jiang, L. P., Cai, P. T., Lin, Z. L., Lin, B. B., Huang, Y., Zhang, H. L., Fu, X. B., Guo, D. J., Li, X. K., Wang, X. J., & Xiao, J. (2015). Fibroblast growth factors stimulate hair growth through β -Catenin and shh expression in C57BL/6 mice. BioMed Research International, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/730139
Murphrey, M. B., Agarwal, S., & Zito, P. M. (2019). Anatomy, Hair. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.
Nauli, S. M. (2022). Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) and the Cardiovascular System: in Physiology and in Disease States. American Journal of Biomedical Science & Research, 15(2), 155–179. https://doi.org/10.34297/ajbsr.2022.15.002087
Nurhayati, N. P. (2019). The Effect of Adding Mangkokan Leaf Extract (Nothopanax scutellarium Merr) on the Physical Properties and Shelf Life of Hair Tonic for Hair Loss. E-Journal, 08(3), 56–63. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26740/jtr.v8n3.p%25p
Preeti, Sambhakar, S., Malik, R., Bhatia, S., Al Harrasi, A., Rani, C., Saharan, R., Kumar, S., Geeta, & Sehrawat, R. (2023). Nanoemulsion: An Emerging Novel Technology for Improving the Bioavailability of Drugs. Scientifica, 2023, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6640103
Rahmi, I. A., Mun’im, A., & Jufri, M. (2021). Formulation And Evaluation Of Phytosome Lotion From Nothopanax Scutellarium Leaf Extract For Hair Growth. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 13(6), 178–185. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2021v13i6.42169
Rifkia, V., Jufri, M., & Mun’im, A. (2017). Hair Growth Promoting Activity of Nothopanax scutellarium Merr. Leaves. J Young Pharm, 9(2), 230–233. https://doi.org/10.5530/jyp.2017
Sang, S. H., Akowuah, G. A., Liew, K. Bin, Lee, S. K., Keng, J. W., Lee, S. K., Yon, J. A. L., Tan, C. S., & Chew, Y. L. (2023). Natural alternatives from your garden for hair care: Revisiting the benefits of tropical herbs. Heliyon, 9(11), e21876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21876
Saputri, R. K., & Al-bari, A. (2022). Hair Growth Activity Test of Hair Tonic That Contain Green Tea Leaf Extract , Celery Leaf Extract and Combination of Green Tea Leaf and Celery Leaf Extract. Ad-Dawaa’ Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4(2), 87–98. https://doi.org/10.24252/djps.v4i2.25003
Serafini, M., Peluso, I., & Raguzzini, A. (2010). Flavonoids as anti-inflammatory agents. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 69(3), 273–278. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002966511000162X
Shafqat, N., Azizi, A., & Mumin, N. H. (2021). Phytochemicals With Anti 5-alpha-reductase Activity: A Prospective For Prostate Cancer Treatment. F1000Research, 10. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.51066.3
Wang, X., Liu, Y., He, J., Wang, J., Chen, X., & Yang, R. (2022). Regulation of signaling pathways in hair follicle stem cells. Burns and Trauma, 10. https://doi.org/10.1093/burnst/tkac022
Wikramanayake, T. C., Villasante, A. C., Mauro, L. M., Perez, C. I., Schachner, L. A., & Jimenez, J. J. (2012). Prevention and treatment of alopecia areata with quercetin in the C3H/HeJ mouse model. Cell Stress and Chaperones, 17(2), 267–274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12192-011-0305-3
Xu, C., Dai, J., Du, W., & Ji, H. (2024). Antioxidant Properties of Platycladus orientalis Flavonoids for Treating UV-Induced Damage in Androgenetic Alopecia Hair. Molecules, 29(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29122876
Yano, K., Brown, L. F., & Detmar, M. (2001). Control of hair growth and follicle size by VEGF-mediated angiogenesis. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 107(4), 409–417. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI11317
Yasir, A. S. (2019). Test of Male Rabbit Hair Growth Activity from Hair Tonic Preparations Containing Ethanol Extract of Mangkokan Leaves. Jurnal Farmasi Malahayati, 2(1), 77–84. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33024/jfm.v2i1.1551
